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Modest rise in UK cancer cases but substantial decline in deaths over last 25 years

2024-03-14
Cases of cancer among UK men and women aged 35-69 years have seen a modest rise over the last quarter of a century, but there has also been a substantial decline in death rates, finds a study published by The BMJ today.   The results show a fall in death rates for all cancers combined and for 17 out of 22 cancer types examined, which the researchers say is likely due to fewer people smoking, screening programmes, and improved treatment, while a rise in some less common cancers may be due to higher levels of overweight and obesity, ...

Cancer deaths plummet in middle-aged people

2024-03-14
A first of its kind study by Cancer Research UK reveals premature cancer death rates in 35–69-year-olds fell by more than a third over 25 years  Improvements in the UK are a result of smokefree policies, prevention measures, early detection programmes like cancer screening, and more effective treatment options  But the study paints a mixed picture with cancer cases on the rise and cancer mortality rates still too high   The charity’s manifesto, ‘Longer, ...

How to upcycle low-energy light

How to upcycle low-energy light
2024-03-14
To combine two low-energy photons into one high-energy photon efficiently, the energy must be able to hop freely, but not too quickly, between randomly oriented molecules of a solid. This Kobe University discovery provides a much-needed design guideline for developing materials for more efficient PV cells, displays, or even anti-cancer therapies. Light of different colors has different energies and is therefore useful for very different things. For the development of more efficient PV cells, OLED displays, or anti-cancer therapies it is desirable to be able to upcycle two low-energy photons into a high-energy photon, ...

Lives could be saved from tropical disease with new rapid test

2024-03-14
Globally, more than half of patients die after infection with the neglected tropical disease, melioidosis, often before they are diagnosed1. A new rapid test could save lives by diagnosing patients in hours, rather than several days taken by current bacterial culture methods, meaning they receive the correct antibiotics faster. The test uses CRISPR to detect a genetic target that is specific to Burkholderia pseudomallei, the bacterium that causes melioidosis, with 93 per cent sensitivity. It was ...

Revolutionary chronic wound treatment could help millions 

2024-03-14
Revolutionary chronic wound treatment could help millions  A team of international scientists has developed an effective treatment for preventing infection in chronic wounds that does not involve antibiotics The treatment involves the plasma (electrical gas) activation of hydrogel dressings to produce a unique mix of different chemical oxidants that applied to the wound are effective in decontaminating and aiding healing in chronic wounds The new method is a significant advance that could revolutionise the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and internal wounds More than 540 million people ...

First-of-its-kind super minigene to boost spinal muscular atrophy research

First-of-its-kind super minigene to boost spinal muscular atrophy research
2024-03-13
AMES, Iowa – Ravindra Singh has spent years studying a gene that when missing or mutated causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a deadly disease that’s among the most common genetic disorders in children. His team’s latest work will make the search for treatments even more effective in the years to come. Singh, a professor of biomedical science at Iowa State University, led an eight-year project to create a truncated version of the Survival Motor Neuron 2 (SMN2) gene to facilitate quicker, cheaper and less fragmented research. Nucleic Acids Research, a peer-reviewed ...

NYU Tandon study exposes failings of measures to prevent illegal content generation by text-to-image AI models

2024-03-13
Researchers at NYU Tandon School of Engineering have revealed critical shortcomings in recently proposed methods aimed at making powerful text-to-image generative AI systems safer for public use.  In a paper that will be presented at the Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), taking place in Vienna on May 7 - 11, 2024, the research team demonstrates how techniques that claim to "erase" the ability of models like Stable Diffusion to generate explicit, copyrighted, or otherwise unsafe ...

New analysis shows tirzepatide consistently reduces bodyweight regardless of body mass index (BMI) before treatment

2024-03-13
*Note – this is an early press release from the European Congress on Obesity in Venice, Italy 12-15 May. Please credit the congress when using this research* Tirzepatide, a medication authorised to treat obesity and/or type 2 diabetes, consistently reduces bodyweight regardless of the patient’s body mass index (BMI before treatment), from the range of overweight to class III obesity. The study, to be presented at this year’s European Congress on Obesity (Venice, Italy, 12-15 May) is by Prof Carel Le Roux, University ...

Tirzepatide reduces body weight and waist circumference in people living with overweight or obesity regardless of duration of their condition

2024-03-13
*Note – this is an early press release from the European Congress on Obesity in Venice, Italy 12-15 May. Please credit the congress when using this research* New research to be presented at this year’s European Congress on Obesity (Venice, Italy, May 12-15) shows that the obesity medication tirzepatide consistently reduces bodyweight and waist circumference regardless of the length of time the person has been living with overweight or obesity. The study is by Dr Giovanna Muscogiuri, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy, and colleagues. Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®) was approved by the US Food and ...

Scientists use novel technique to create new energy-efficient microelectronic device

Scientists use novel technique to create new energy-efficient microelectronic device
2024-03-13
Breakthrough could help lead to the development of new low-power semiconductors or quantum devices. As the integrated circuits that power our electronic devices get more powerful, they are also getting smaller. This trend of microelectronics has only accelerated in recent years as scientists try to fit increasingly more semiconducting components on a chip. Microelectronics face a key challenge because of their small size. To avoid overheating, microelectronics need to consume only a fraction of the electricity of conventional electronics while still operating at peak performance. Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory ...

Jay Sexton receives 2024 SEC Faculty Achievement Award

Jay Sexton receives 2024 SEC Faculty Achievement Award
2024-03-13
COLUMBIA, Mo. — In fourth grade, Jay Sexton first encountered one of James McPherson’s most influential works, “Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era.” That experience would ignite a lifelong passion for studying history and establish an ongoing legacy as a preeminent scholar in the study of the American story. As director of the Kinder Institute on Constitutional Democracy at the University of Missouri — a world-renowned academic center devoted to the study of the American founding, including constitutional ...

Canada Research Chair awarded to finance professor at the Rotman School of Management

Canada Research Chair awarded to finance professor at the Rotman School of Management
2024-03-13
Toronto – A leading academic expert in household finance, Claire Célérier, who is an associate professor of finance at the University of Toronto’s Rotman School of Management, has been named by the Government of Canada as the Canada Research Chair in Household Finance. Prof. Célérier’s research explores how finance can benefit households, investigating the role of innovation and the impact on diversity and inclusion. She addresses these questions taking different ...

Water droplet spun by sound screens for colon cancer

Water droplet spun by sound screens for colon cancer
2024-03-13
DURHAM, N.C. – Mechanical engineers at Duke University have devised a new type of diagnostic platform that uses sound waves to spin an individual drop of water up to 6,000 revolutions per minute. These speeds separate tiny biological particles within samples to enable new diagnostics based on exosomes. A very light disc placed on top of the spinning drop features etched channels that are equipped with star-shaped nanoparticles tailored to enable the label-free detection of specific disease-relevant bioparticles called exosomes. The technique ...

Study: Default testing for COVID-19 in K-12 schools more effective than voluntary testing

Study: Default testing for COVID-19 in K-12 schools more effective than voluntary testing
2024-03-13
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — A new paper co-written by a team of University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign business professors found that default testing of K-12 students for COVID-19 during the pandemic could have saved up to one out of every five school days lost to the coronavirus during the fall 2021 semester. Schools adopting an “opt-out model” – in which students were regularly tested for COVID-19 unless they proactively declined or “opted out” of testing – experienced a 30% lower positivity rate than schools ...

Poor sleep linked to migraine attacks in new UArizona Health Sciences study

2024-03-13
A new study by researchers at the University of Arizona Health Sciences identified a link between poor sleep and migraine attacks that suggests improving sleep health may diminish migraine attacks in people with migraine. Many people with migraine report having sleeping disorders, including insomnia, trouble falling or staying asleep, poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, waking up from sleep and being forced to sleep because of a migraine headache. Until now, it was unknown ...

Next generation stool DNA test has best detection rate of noninvasive colorectal cancer screening tools

2024-03-13
INDIANAPOLIS -- A study of more than 21,000 average risk patients at 186 sites across the U.S., led by Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University School of Medicine research scientist Thomas Imperiale, M.D., has found that the next generation multi-target stool DNA colorectal cancer screening test detects 94 percent of colorectal cancers. This test has the best performance for detection of both colorectal cancer and advanced precancerous polyps of any noninvasive colorectal cancer screening test. Study results are published in the New England Journal of Medicine. “We found that the next generation stool DNA test ...

Clinical study of a blood test shows 83% accuracy for detecting colorectal cancer

2024-03-13
SEATTLE — March 14, 2024 — A blood test intended for screening for colorectal cancer in people who are of average risk and not experiencing symptoms correctly detected colorectal cancer in 83% of people confirmed to have the disease, according to a study published March 14 in the New England Journal of Medicine. The accuracy rate for colorectal cancer is similar to at-home stool tests used for early detection of colorectal cancer. “The results of the study are a promising step toward developing more convenient tools to detect colorectal cancer early while it is more easily treated,” said corresponding ...

Preliminary clinical trial results show ‘dramatic and rapid’ regression of glioblastoma after next generation CAR-T therapy

Preliminary clinical trial results show ‘dramatic and rapid’ regression of glioblastoma after next generation CAR-T therapy
2024-03-13
A collaborative project to bring the promise of cell therapy to patients with a deadly form of brain cancer has shown dramatic results among the first patients to receive the novel treatment. In a paper published today in The New England Journal of Medicine, researchers from the Mass General Cancer Center, a member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system, shared the results for the first three patient cases from a phase 1 clinical trial evaluating a new approach to CAR-T therapy for glioblastoma (GBM). The trial, known as INCIPIENT, is designed to evaluate the safety of CARv3-TEAM-E T cells in patients with recurrent GBM. Just days after a single ...

Asian aerosols’ impact on Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

Asian aerosols’ impact on Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
2024-03-13
By Linh Truong Since the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) was first monitored in 2004, it has been the focus of thousands of scientific papers and even a blockbuster movie that grossed more than $552 million worldwide. New research is hoping to add another twist to the current conversation. Published in Nature Communications, Increased Asian Aerosols Drive a Slowdown of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation identifies the effect of aerosols over Asia on the AMOC, a complex system of currents in the Atlantic Ocean. Jian Lu, Earth scientist at the Department ...

Long COVID patients report improvements following self-regulation therapy, study finds

2024-03-13
A new UCLA-led study suggests that some people living with long COVID may be able to alleviate certain symptoms by using short-term, self-regulating therapies. The small-scale study, published in the Journal of Psychosomatic Research, recruited a group of 20 long COVID patients, many of whom had been experiencing symptoms for more than a year. Each participant underwent six sessions of biofeedback therapy, which involves the practice of breathwork and relaxation techniques paired with visual feedback to teach self-regulation of autonomic functions such as heart rate and temperature. Clinical psychologist Dr. Natacha Emerson, the study’s lead author and assistant clinical professor ...

Novel oral hormone therapy shows promising results for prostate cancer treatment with radiation therapy

2024-03-13
CLEVELAND - A high impact study led by Daniel Spratt, M.D., Vincent K. Smith Chair in Radiation Oncology at University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center demonstrates the safety and efficacy of a novel oral hormone therapy, relugolix, in conjunction with radiation therapy for treating men with localized and advanced prostate cancer. This work is published in JAMA Oncology. This research, encompassing an individual patient level analysis from two multinational randomized clinical trials, showcases relugolix's ability to rapidly achieve and maintain low testosterone levels, a necessary condition for some men’s prostate cancer treatment, in both short-term ...

Do astronauts experience “space headaches”?

2024-03-13
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE UNTIL 4 P.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 13, 2024 MINNEAPOLIS – Space travel and zero gravity can take a toll on the body. A new study has found that astronauts with no prior history of headaches may experience migraine and tension-type headaches during long-haul space flight, which includes more than 10 days in space. The study was published in the March 13, 2024, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. “Changes in gravity caused by space flight affect the function of many parts of the body, including the brain,” said study author W. P. J. van Oosterhout, MD, PhD, of Leiden University ...

Do veterans who experience concussions have an increased risk of Alzheimer’s?

2024-03-13
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE UNTIL 4 P.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 13, 2024 MINNEAPOLIS – Middle-age veterans who experienced concussions due to blasts from explosive devices may have biomarkers in their spinal fluid similar to people who develop Alzheimer’s disease, according to a new study published in the March 13, 2024, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a bump, blow or jolt to the head or by an injury to the head caused by falls, motor vehicle ...

Lower grades, more absences for high schoolers who use both tobacco and cannabis

2024-03-13
(SACRAMENTO, Calif.) — More and more states in the U.S. are legalizing recreational cannabis, leading to concerns that teen use will increase. Tobacco consumption among high school students, including vaping and e-cigarettes, is a concerning 12.6%, although trending downward. Researchers at UC Davis were interested in learning how the combined use of these two products — cannabis and tobacco — might impact high school students in California. In a new study published in The Journal of Pediatrics, they found high school students who use both tobacco and cannabis products miss more ...

Tryptophan in diet, gut bacteria protect against E. coli infection

2024-03-13
ITHACA, N.Y. -- Gut bacteria and a diet rich in the amino acid tryptophan can play a protective role against pathogenic E. coli, which can cause severe stomach upset, cramps, fever, intestinal bleeding and renal failure, according to a study published March 13 in Nature. The research reveals how dietary tryptophan – an amino acid found mostly in animal products, nuts, seeds, whole grains and legumes – can be broken down by gut bacteria into small molecules called metabolites. It turns out a few of these metabolites can bind to a receptor on gut epithelial (surface) cells, triggering ...
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