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New technique makes it easier to etch semiconductors

New technique makes it easier to etch semiconductors
2011-12-23
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — Creating semiconductor structures for high-end optoelectronic devices just got easier, thanks to University of Illinois researchers. The team developed a method to chemically etch patterned arrays in the semiconductor gallium arsenide, used in solar cells, lasers, light emitting diodes (LEDs), field effect transistors (FETs), capacitors and sensors. Led by electrical and computer engineering professor Xiuling Li, the researchers describe their technique in the journal Nano Letters. A semiconductor's physical properties can vary depending on its structure, ...

Promising treatments for blood cancers presented by JTCancerCenter researchers at ASH meeting

2011-12-23
HACKENSACK, N.J. (December 22, 2011) — Researchers from the John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, one of the nation's top 50 best hospitals for cancer, presented results from 31 major studies of blood-related cancers – leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma -- during the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, December 10-13, 2011 in San Diego. Research highlights from the John Theurer Cancer Center included a global clinical trial of a new type of medication (HDAC inhibitor) against relapsed multiple myeloma led at the John ...

Pitt/Children's Hospital team: Cell membrane proteins could provide targets for broader vaccines

2011-12-23
PITTSBURGH, Dec. 22 – Vaccines with broader reach might be made by stimulating specialized immune cells to recognize foreign cell membrane proteins that are shared across bacterial species, say researchers from Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in a report published online today in Immunity. The approach could be particularly beneficial in preventing infection by multi-drug resistant organisms. The genetic heritage of organisms such as oysters, frogs and fish indicate that a family of cell-signaling molecules ...

MSU chemists become the first to solve an 84-year-old theory

2011-12-23
EAST LANSING, Mich. — The same principle that causes figure skaters to spin faster as they draw their arms into their bodies has now been used by Michigan State University researchers to understand how molecules move energy around following the absorption of light. Conservation of angular momentum is a fundamental property of nature, one that astronomers use to detect the presence of satellites circling distant planets. In 1927, it was proposed that this principle should apply to chemical reactions, but a clear demonstration has never been achieved. In the current issue ...

Sea cucumbers: Dissolving coral reefs?

2011-12-23
Washington, D.C. — Coral reefs are extremely diverse ecosystems that support enormous biodiversity. But they are at risk. Carbon dioxide emissions are acidifying the ocean, threatening reefs and other marine organisms. New research led by Carnegie's Kenneth Schneider analyzed the role of sea cucumbers in portions of the Great Barrier Reef and determined that their dietary process of dissolving calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from the surrounding reef accounts for about half of at the total nighttime dissolution for the reef. The work is published December 23 by the Journal of ...

$144 Million Dollar Verdict Awarded in Birth Trauma Case

2011-12-23
Nearly five years after an initial lawsuit was filed, a jury in Michigan recently handed down a $144 million dollar verdict against Beaumont Hospital for injuries sustained during childbirth. Kimberly VanSlembrouck initiated the lawsuit against the hospital claiming they were negligent in their actions while she gave birth, causing her daughter irrevocable birth injuries. According to VanSlembrouck, the hospital was negligent when it failed to perform a Caesarian section, but instead delivered her daughter through the birth canal. As a result, her daughter suffered a ...

New device could bring optical information processing

2011-12-23
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - Researchers have created a new type of optical device small enough to fit millions on a computer chip that could lead to faster, more powerful information processing and supercomputers. The "passive optical diode" is made from two tiny silicon rings measuring 10 microns in diameter, or about one-tenth the width of a human hair. Unlike other optical diodes, it does not require external assistance to transmit signals and can be readily integrated into computer chips. The diode is capable of "nonreciprocal transmission," meaning it transmits ...

DOE researchers achieve important genetic breakthroughs to help develop cheaper biofuels

2011-12-23
Washington D.C. – Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) announced today a major breakthrough in engineering systems of RNA molecules through computer-assisted design, which could lead to important improvements across a range of industries, including the development of cheaper advanced biofuels. Scientists will use these new "RNA machines", to adjust genetic expression in the cells of microorganisms. This will enable scientists to develop new strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) that are better able to digest switchgrass ...

SCRAM Bracelets May Lead To Better Sentencing In Multiple DUI Offense Cases

2011-12-23
In third, fourth, and multiple offense DUI cases, a defendant is often looking at a lengthy mandatory jail term or prison sentence. This can be true even where one's most recent prior offense is eight or nine years old, no one was hurt, and the defendant is currently holding a great job, with a young family to provide for. Traditionally, in many such situations, the main recognized alternative to jail has been Work Furlough. Work Furlough can be compared to a very tightly run motel, where people are released during their working hours - such that they can keep their ...

Pitt researchers propose new model to design better flu shots

2011-12-23
PITTSBURGH—The flu shot, typically the first line of defense against seasonal influenza, could better treat the U.S. population, thanks to University of Pittsburgh researchers. New research that focuses on the composition and timing of the shot design was published in the September-October issue of Operations Research by Pitt Swanson School of Engineering faculty members Oleg Prokopyev, an assistant professor, and Professor Andrew Schaefer, both in the Department of Industrial Engineering, and coauthors Osman Ozaltin and Mark Roberts, professor and chair in Pitt's Department ...

AGU journal highlights -- Dec. 22, 2011

2011-12-23
The following highlights summarize research papers that have been recently published in Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres (JGR-D), Geophysical Research Letters (GRL), Journal of Geophysical Research- Planets (JGR-E), Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface (JGR-F), and Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 1. When will Antarctic ozone begin to recover? Emissions of ozone-depleting substances have declined over recent decades, but it takes time for the ozone layer to recover. Regular measurements of ozone levels above the South Pole ...

Rhode Island Medical Malpractice and Brain Injury Diagnosis

2011-12-23
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an average of 1.7 million people suffer traumatic brain injuries in the U.S. every year. Unfortunately, many of these injuries are misdiagnosed, diagnosed late or not diagnosed at all. When a patient suffers negative health consequences because of misdiagnosis of or failure to diagnose traumatic brain injury, he or she may be able to make a claim against the mistaken doctor in a Rhode Island medical-malpractice lawsuit. Traumatic Brain Injury The Mayo Clinic reports that traumatic brain injury ...

More than other drugs, injected meth is associated with an increased risk of attempted suicide

2011-12-23
December 22, 2011 -- The dire physical and mental health effects of injecting methamphetamine are well known, but there's been little research about suicidal behavior and injecting meth. In a recent study, researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and the University of British Columbia found that drug users who inject methamphetamine had an 80% greater risk of attempting suicide than drug users who inject other substances. Although the causal pathway between injecting methamphetamine and suicidal behavior requires further investigation, study ...

Journal names discovery that HIV treatment can prevent spread 'breakthrough of the year'

2011-12-23
The finding of a team of researchers — including several members from Johns Hopkins — that HIV treatment with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) can actually prevent transmission of the virus from an infected person to his or her uninfected partner has been named "Breakthrough of the Year" for 2011 by the journal Science. The clinical trial, known as HPTN 052, demonstrated that early initiation of ARV therapy in people infected with HIV reduces transmission of the virus to their partners by 96 percent. The findings end a longstanding debate over whether ARV treatment of HIV-infected ...

Researcher contends multiple sclerosis is not a disease of the immune system

2011-12-23
An article to be published Friday (Dec. 23) in the December 2011 issue of The Quarterly Review of Biology argues that multiple sclerosis, long viewed as primarily an autoimmune disease, is not actually a disease of the immune system. Dr. Angelique Corthals, a forensic anthropologist and professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York, suggests instead that MS is caused by faulty lipid metabolism, in many ways more similar to coronary atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) than to other autoimmune diseases. Framing MS as a metabolic disorder helps ...

UTHealth researchers link multiple sclerosis to different area of brain

2011-12-23
HOUSTON – (Dec. 22, 2011) – Radiology researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) have found evidence that multiple sclerosis affects an area of the brain that controls cognitive, sensory and motor functioning apart from the disabling damage caused by the disease's visible lesions. The thalamus of the brain was selected as the benchmark for the study conducted by faculty at the UTHealth Medical School. Lead researchers include Khader M. Hasan, Ph.D., associate professor, and Ponnada A. Narayana, Ph.D., professor and director of Magnetic ...

Pennsylvania Governor Signs Bill Aimed at Teen Driver Safety

2011-12-23
Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett signed a bill into law restricting teen drivers and requiring more training in hopes of saving teens' lives. The new law limits the number of passengers a teen driver may have and increases the number of hours teens must be trained behind the wheel. In a press release, Governor Corbett says that while the state has made significant improvements in reducing teen driving deaths, this new law is the next step needed to keep teenage drivers and teenage passengers safe on Pennsylvania's roads. The new law, named Lacey's Law, was spurred ...

Rate of Birth Trauma Declines But Risks Persist

2011-12-23
Birth trauma occurs when an infant is injured during the birth process usually due to mechanical forces. Although birth trauma only accounts for less than two percent of neonatal or stillbirth deaths in the United States, it tends to occur at an average of 6-8 injuries for every 1,000 live births. Between 1970 and 1985 the number of birth injuries from trauma fell by 88 percent. These significant decreases were due to advances in technology that allowed obstetricians to recognized birth trauma risk factors sooner. The use of instruments and methods that could potentially ...

Fatal Elevator Accident in New York City

2011-12-23
The New York City Department of Buildings is investigating the cause of an NYC elevator accident that killed a 41-year-old advertising executive on December 14, 2011. The woman was stepping onto the elevator when it suddenly moved upward, trapping her legs outside and crushing her body. Elevators, for the most part, are a safe mode of transportation. Therefore, when accidents like the one in New York occur, it is important to figure out what happened and why in order to prevent future accidents. It is also important so that the victim's family can have answers and, with ...

Understanding and Responding to a Spinal Cord Injury Diagnosis

2011-12-23
Spinal cord injury. Those three words can strike dread in even the toughest of individuals. Fearing the worst, those diagnosed with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their loved ones often make assumptions as to the future opportunities and quality of life the injured person will experience. However, with proper diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, many individuals with spinal cord injuries lead independent and productive lives. In short, a spinal cord injury consists of damage to the vertebrae, ligaments or disks of the spinal column or to the nerves and spinal cord ...

Airline Faces More Than $1 Million in Penalties After FAA Investigation

2011-12-23
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has proposed civil penalties of $1,042,500 against Memphis-based Pinnacle Airlines, Inc., for operating aircraft that did not comply with federal regulations. Specific allegations include allowing flight crews to perform maintenance tasks as well as failure to complete inspections to monitor a crack in a turbine assembly. Pinnacle provides 740 daily connecting flights to 120 airports in the U.S., Canada, Mexico and Belize. The airline serves various Delta Airlines hubs using two models of Canadair Regional Jets manufactured by ...

What Does it Take to Shut Down an Unsafe Trucking Company?

2011-12-23
Gunthers Transport, LLC, a Maryland-based trucking company, was shut down by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) due to multiple safety violations over a number of years. One of the company's trucks was involved in a fatal trucking accident in August. An FMCSA investigation found the company to be an imminent danger to public safety -- and it's not the first time. In 1995, the owner of the company (operating under the name Gunther Leasing Transport) was convicted of one count of conspiracy to defraud, four counts of making false statements to investigators ...

Is that Truck Driver Really Healthy Enough to Drive? Who Said So?

2011-12-23
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is continually examining ways to improve the safety of our nation's highways. It works to prevent trucking accidents with specialized trucking safety regulations, with company safety ratings, with vehicle inspections and with driver fitness requirements. Most commercial truck drivers are required to meet certain medical fitness requirements and must be examined by a doctor at least every two years. Drivers who fail the medical exam are not supposed to get the required medical certificate needed to be a commercial ...

Bupa Partners with the Ramblers

2011-12-23
Bupa, the leading healthcare group, has teamed up with the Ramblers to help people live healthier lives through walking. The Ramblers is Britain's Walking charity, working to help everyone realise the pleasures and benefits of walking, and to enhance and protect the places where people walk, whether rural or urban. Walking can help people to reach the recommended healthy level of physical activity of 150 minutes of moderate exercise over a week in bouts of 10 minutes or more. The many benefits of regular walking include stress reduction, protecting against a number ...

Bupa Launches its First Dental Insurance Product

2011-12-23
Bupa is introducing a consumer dental insurance product for the first time, in response to high demand from customers. Dental Cover 10 and 20 from Bupa allow customers to choose whichever dentist they want to visit. Dental Cover 10 offers customers a full refund for NHS treatment* and market-leading oral cancer cover up to GBP15,000 per person per year**. Dental Cover 20 allows customers with a privately registered dentist to claim up to GBP150 a year of dental insurance for routine treatment such as check-ups, dental x-rays and scale and polish. For more expensive, ...
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