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AI art and human creativity

2024-03-05
Text-to-image generative AI systems like Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and DALL-E can produce images based on text prompts that, had they been produced by humans, would plausibly be judged as “creative.” Some artists have argued that these programs are a threat to human creativity. If AI comes to be relied on to produce most new visual works, drawing on what has been done before, creative progress could stagnate. Eric Zhou and Dokyun “DK” Lee investigated the impact of text-to-image AI tools on human creativity, seeking to understand ...

Decoding cryptocurrency regulation in the legibility framework

Decoding cryptocurrency regulation in the legibility framework
2024-03-05
Since its introduction, cryptocurrency governance has been one of the most controversial global financial topics. While some countries have established elaborate regulations for cryptocurrencies, many countries are still reluctant to oversee the markets, and some have outright banned them. Most studies suggest that public agencies naturally want to regulate markets and bring them into their purview. However, the significant differences in cryptocurrency regulation over the world call this view into question. Moreover, these differences cannot be explained by the development ...

Ammonia-powered engines: A path to cleaner and more efficient transportation

Ammonia-powered engines: A path to cleaner and more efficient transportation
2024-03-05
While the transportation sector has witnessed a dramatic shift toward electric vehicles (EVs), the idea of using hydrogen as a clean and efficient fuel for transportation has been explored for many decades. These vehicles emit water on combustion, and since they are based on the production of existing engine vehicles, they are expected to have a lower manufacturing carbon footprint than EVs. However, storing and transporting hydrogen requires high pressures and low temperatures, which are energy-intensive processes. To address this, ammonia has ...

Running performance helped by mathematical research

Running performance helped by mathematical research
2024-03-05
How to optimise running? A new mathematical model1 has shown, with great precision, the impact that physiological and psychological parameters have on running performance and provides tips for optimised training. The model grew out of research conducted by a French-British team including two CNRS researchers2, the results of which will appear on March 5th 2024 in the journal Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. This innovative model was developed thanks to extremely precise data3 from the performances of Matthew Hudson-Smith (400m), Femke Bol (400m), and ...

New ‘digital twin’ Earth technology could help predict water-based natural disasters before they strike

New ‘digital twin’ Earth technology could help predict water-based natural disasters before they strike
2024-03-05
The water cycle looks simple in theory — but human impacts, climate change, and complicated geography mean that in practice, floods and droughts remain hard to predict. To model water on Earth, you need incredibly high-resolution data across an immense expanse, and you need modeling sophisticated enough to account for everything from snowcaps on mountains to soil moisture in valleys. Now, scientists funded by the European Space Agency have made a tremendous step forward by building the most detailed models created to date.        “Simulating ...

Sweetened drinks linked to atrial fibrillation risk

2024-03-05
Research Highlights: An analysis of health data in the UK Biobank found a 20% higher risk of irregular heart rhythm, known as atrial fibrillation, among people who said they drank two liters or more per week (about 67 ounces) of artificially sweetened drinks. The risk was 10% higher among people who said they drank similar amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages. Drinking one liter (about 34 ounces) or less of pure juice per week, such as 100% orange or vegetable juice, was associated with an 8% lower risk of atrial fibrillation. The observational study could not confirm that sweetened drinks cause  irregular heart rhythms. Embargoed ...

Hazardous heat and humidity is widespread in US jails and prisons, and climate change is worsening conditions

2024-03-05
An estimated 1.8 million incarcerated people in the United States have been recently exposed to a dangerous combination of heat and humidity, and on average experience 100 days of these conditions each year—many of them in the 44 states that do not provide universal air conditioning to inmates. Tracking with climate change, in recent decades, the number of dangerous humid heat days in carceral facilities has increased, with those in the south experiencing the most rapid warming. The findings by researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Montana State University, ...

8 in 10 lizards could be at risk due to deforestation

2024-03-05
In Colorado, people flock to the Rocky Mountains when the summer heat gets unbearable. Animals seek shelter too when temperatures become extreme, and forests serve as critical sanctuaries for small tree-dwelling animals like lizards. In a new study published March 5 in the journal Nature Climate Change, scientists from the University of Colorado Boulder and Tel Aviv University in Israel revealed that deforestation combined with climate change could negatively impact 84% of North America’s lizards by ...

Major neurotech hub in Milan announced

Major neurotech hub in Milan announced
2024-03-05
The IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University announced the launch of a long-term partnership with the recently established Nicolelis Institute for Advanced Brain Studies of the Brazilian Alberto Santos Dumont Association for Research Support (AASDAP, www.aasdap.org.br) aimed at creating a state-of-the-art Neurotech Hub on their campus in the city of Milan. Resulting from a two-year planning process, that included the development of a comprehensive Master Plan, the San Raffaele Neurotech Hub will be the first initiative of this kind in Europe focused on deploying ...

Special insecticide paint may help curb zika and dengue fever outbreaks

Special insecticide paint may help curb zika and dengue fever outbreaks
2024-03-05
Malaria and other illnesses caused by parasites, viruses, and bacteria transmitted by organisms that spread infectious pathogens account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases worldwide. These vector-borne diseases, typically transmitted by insects like mosquitoes, flies, and ticks, disproportionally affect the poorest populations in tropical and subtropical regions. In Cabo Verde, an island nation off west Africa, vector-borne disease has been prevalent for centuries, in part due to the island’s geographical location ...

Shortcut to Success: Toward fast and robust quantum control through accelerating adiabatic passage

Shortcut to Success: Toward fast and robust quantum control through accelerating adiabatic passage
2024-03-05
Osaka, Japan – Researchers at Osaka University’s Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN) used the shortcuts to the adiabaticity (STA) method to greatly speed-up the adiabatic evolution of spin qubits. The spin flip fidelity after pulse optimization can be as high as 97.8% in GaAs quantum dots. This work may be applicable to other adiabatic passage and will be useful for fast and high-fidelity quantum control. A quantum computer uses the superposition of “0” and “1” states to perform information processing, which is completely different from classical computing, thus allowing for the solution of certain problems at a much faster rate. High-fidelity ...

Gen Z’s climate anxiety is real and needs action — for everyone’s wellbeing

2024-03-05
New Curtin University research has shown Australian young people have major concerns about climate change, which is having a significant impact on their lives and could have broader consequences decades into the future.   Published in Sustainable Earth Reviews, the study surveyed Australian university students belonging to Generation Z (people born between 1995 and 2010) and found climate change was their number one environmental concern.   More than 80 per cent reported being ‘concerned’ or ‘very concerned’ about climate change, with many revealing they felt anxious over the issue.   Climate anxiety ...

Proposals for cell donation procedures to create brain organoids

Proposals for cell donation procedures to create brain organoids
2024-03-05
With advances in neuroscience and the development of new technologies, new ethical considerations have emerged. This is particularly true for human brain organoids, which are three-dimensional tissues grown from stem cells that partially replicate the characteristics of the human brain. Brain organoids have emerged as important tools for studying brain development and disease, but there are concerns about the possibility of these organoids developing consciousness. This has important implications for research ethics and the need to obtain informed consent from cell donors.   To address these questions, an international team of researchers has sought to shed light on the intricate ...

Turning skin cells into limb cells sets the stage for regenerative therapy

Turning skin cells into limb cells sets the stage for regenerative therapy
2024-03-05
Fukuoka, Japan – In a collaborative study, researchers from Kyushu University and Harvard Medical School have identified proteins that can turn or “reprogram” fibroblasts — the most commonly found cells in skin and connective tissue — into cells with similar properties to limb progenitor cells. Publishing in Developmental Cell, the researchers’ findings have enhanced our understanding of limb development and have set the stage for regenerative therapy in the future. Globally, close to 60 ...

NUS researchers invent new triple-junction tandem solar cells with world-record efficiency

NUS researchers invent new triple-junction tandem solar cells with world-record efficiency
2024-03-05
Scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed a novel triple-junction perovskite/Si tandem solar cell that can achieve a certified world-record power conversion efficiency of 27.1 per cent across a solar energy absorption area of 1 sq cm, representing the best-performing triple-junction perovskite/Si tandem solar cell thus far. To achieve this, the team engineered a new cyanate-integrated perovskite solar cell that is stable and energy efficient. Solar cells can be fabricated ...

Quantum computing will radically alter the application of copyright law, study says

2024-03-05
Quantum computing will radically transform the application of the law – challenging long-held notions of copyright, a new study says.   Faster computing will bring exponentially greater possibilities in the tracking and tracing of the legal owners of art, music, culture and books.     This is likely to mean more copyright infringements, but also make it easier for lawyers to clamp down on lawbreaking. However, faster computers will also be able to potentially break and get around certain older enforcement technologies.   The research says quantum computing ...

Ochsner Health & Wellness Day in New Orleans East set for March 9

2024-03-05
NEW ORLEANS – Today, Ochsner Health announced that the annual Health and Wellness Day in New Orleans East will be held from 9 a.m.- 1 p.m. on Saturday, March 9 at the Joe W. Brown Rec Center. “At Ochsner Health, our vision is to inspire healthier lives and stronger communities, and neighborhood engagement is a fundamental component of that effort,” said Yvens Laborde, MD, chief community medical officer. “Health and Wellness Day meets New Orleans East families where they live. With our partners, ...

Protecting joints from bacteria with mussels

Protecting joints from bacteria with mussels
2024-03-05
Degenerative arthritis is no longer exclusive to the elderly population. According to the National Health Insurance Service report covering the years from 2012 to 2022, there has been a 22.8% increase in the prevalence of degenerative arthritis among people in their 20s and 30s. This rise is attributed to prolonged periods of desk sitting and the excessive lifting of heavy sports equipment, both of which can lead to significant cartilage damage. While artificial joints are a common treatment, bacterial infections have posed challenges. However, ...

Researchers investigate immune response of a man who received 217 Covid vaccinations

2024-03-05
Researchers at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen have examined a man who has received more than 200 vaccinations against Covid-19. They learned of his case via newspaper reports. Until now, it has been unclear what effects hypervaccination such as this would have on the immune system. Some scientists were of the opinion that immune cells would become less effective after becoming used to the antigens. This proved not to be the case in the individual in question: his immune system is fully functional. Certain immune cells and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are even ...

Proceed with caution – the meteoric rise of zero-alcohol drinks

Proceed with caution – the meteoric rise of zero-alcohol drinks
2024-03-05
New research from Flinders University has revealed that parents are feeling conflicted, confused and concerned when it comes to zero-alcohol beer, wine and spirts  and adolescents. In recent years alcohol-free alternatives have flooded the Australian drinks market, reaching into the millions of dollars and heralding a new - but ever more confusing - era for parents across the country. With such a meteoric rise in choice and popularity, the rules, regulations and wider implications of these drinks for adolescents are still being studied. Non-alcoholic beer, wine, and spirits, sometimes known as ...

USC collaborates with startup supporter Techstars to encourage intellectual property development

2024-03-05
USC will spark new startups and innovation under a new collaboration with Techstars, a leading pre-seed investor. The collaboration is also promising for the local economy as ideas generated at USC are converted into products and businesses that will enhance the university’s economic footprint at “Silicon Beach.” The budding tech corridor spans Los Angeles County and portions of Orange County, and it hosts several tech and biotech industry leaders, including the USC Information Sciences Institute in Marina del Rey and the USC Institute for Creative Technologies in Los Angeles. “Our mission is to ...

Who military service members see as credible to discuss secure firearm storage for suicide prevention

2024-03-05
Secure firearm storage—storing a firearm unloaded, locked and separate from ammunition—can help reduce the risk for suicide, but many military service members store their firearms unsecured. In a new Rutgers Health study, researchers asked firearm-owning service members who they view as the most credible sources to discuss secure firearm storage for suicide prevention. The researchers, whose study appears in the journal Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviors, examined data from 719 U.S. service members. “There is no single voice that will appeal to all firearm-owning service members, but certain groups are widely seen as credible overall and our results ...

Low birthweight coupled with overweight in 20s linked with ‘massive risk’ of early type 2 diabetes in men

2024-03-05
*This is an early press release from the European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2024) Venice 12-15 May. Please mention both the Congress and the journal Diabetologia if using this material* New research being presented at this year’s European Congress on Obesity (ECO) in Venice, Italy (12-15 May), and published in Diabetologia (the journal of th European Association for The Study of Diabetes [EASD]) suggests that having a low birthweight together with being overweight in young adulthood (but not childhood) contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes at an early age (59 years or younger) in men. Notably, the study involving over 34,000 ...

DNA aptamer drug sensors can instantly detect cocaine, heroin and fentanyl – even when combined with other drugs

2024-03-04
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a new generation of high-performance DNA aptamers and highly accurate drug sensors for cocaine and other opioids. The sensors are drug specific and can detect trace amounts of fentanyl, heroin, and cocaine – even when these drugs are mixed with other drugs or with cutting agents and adulterants such as caffeine, sugar, or procaine. The sensors could have far-reaching benefits for health care workers and law enforcement agencies. “This work can provide needed updates to currently used tests, both in health care and law enforcement settings,” ...

New project will use next-gen at-home rapid test to track COVID-19, RSV, and flu

2024-03-04
The City University of New York (CUNY) Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH) and the CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), in collaboration with Pfizer, are initiating a critical two-year prospective epidemiologic study in the spring of 2024 to track acute respiratory infections across the United States. Project PROTECTS (Prospective Respiratory Outcomes from Tracking and Evaluating Community-based TeSting) builds on the pivotal CHASING COVID Cohort Study, which has monitored SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and associated risk factors through questionnaires and at-home serological testing since March 2020. The cohort's ...
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