(Press-News.org) Recent findings suggest that Toll-like receptor 4 expressed in the central nervous system, especially in glial cells, plays a vital role in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative conditions. Traditional theory suggests that neurons are injured by inflammatory factors released from glial cells, and that neurons are the victims of neuroinflammation. However, it has recently been suggested that Toll-like receptor 4 is expressed by cerebral cortical neurons. Yae Hu and team from Medical School of Nantong University found that lipopolysaccharide participates in neuroinflammation by stimulating Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway in hippocampal neurons. Researchers believe that neurons may be both "passive victims" and "activators" of neuroinflammation. These findings were published in the Neural Regeneration Research (Vol. 8, No. 16, 2013).
INFORMATION:
Article: "Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in inflammatory reactions of hippocampal neurons," by Yae Hu1, Jiahui Mao1, Yu Zhang2, Ailing Zhou1 (1 Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; 2 Department of Pediatrics, the First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China)
Hu YE, Mao JH, Zhang Y, Zhou AL. Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in inflammatory reactions of hippocampal neurons. Neural Regen Res. 2013;8(16):1465-1472.
Contact:
Meng Zhao
eic@nrren.org
86-138-049-98773
Neural Regeneration Research
http://www.nrronline.org/
Full text: http://www.sjzsyj.org:8080/Jweb_sjzs/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=615
Rat hippocampal neurons: An executor of neuroinflammation
2013-07-15
ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:
Surprise finding reveals how adaptive our immune systems can be
2013-07-15
Studies of patients with immunodeficiencies involving single gene mutations can reveal a great deal about our immune systems, especially when actual symptoms do not accord with clinical expectations.
Australian scientists acknowledge such a gap between expectation and reality in a new study, which examines people with 'Autosomal Dominant Hyper IgE Syndrome'.
Hyper IgE Syndrome arises from a mutation in the STAT3 gene. This makes patients slightly more susceptible than normal to blood cancers known as 'lymphomas', and exposes them to recurrent skin infections and pneumonia. ...
Is the ice in Greenland in growing decline?
2013-07-15
The time period of satellite observations of the ice sheets of Greenland and the Antarctic is still too short to be able to say whether the accelerated loss of ice measured today will persist in the future. This is the result published today in the online edition of "Nature Geosciences" by a research team led by Bert Wouters from the University of Bristol. The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences is also involved in the study. The researchers conclude that predictions of the contribution of both ice shields to the sea level up to the year 2100 may be more than 35 ...
JCI early table of contents for July 15, 2013
2013-07-15
An "obesity-risk" allele alters hunger-stimulating hormone production
Individuals carrying the "obesity-risk" allele of the fat mass and obesity associated gene, FTO, are prone to obesity and obesity related eating behaviors such as increased food consumption, preference for high fat foods and lack of satiation after eating. How this particular gene regulates obesity prone behaviors is not fully understood. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Rachel Batterham and colleagues at University College London identify a link between FTO and the hunger-stimulating ...
An 'obesity-risk' allele alters hunger-stimulating hormone production
2013-07-15
Individuals carrying the "obesity-risk" allele of the fat mass and obesity associated gene, FTO, are prone to obesity and obesity related eating behaviors such as increased food consumption, preference for high fat foods and lack of satiation after eating. How this particular gene regulates obesity prone behaviors is not fully understood.
In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Rachel Batterham and colleagues at University College London identify a link between FTO and the hunger-stimulating hormone, ghrelin. Subjects homozygous for the "obesity-risk" ...
Current blood transfusion practice in trauma centers feasible but wastes scarce plasma
2013-07-15
The use of a 1:1:1 blood transfusion protocol in patients with severe trauma is feasible in hospitals, although it is associated with higher waste of plasma, according to a randomized trial published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
Previous retrospective studies suggested that a 1:1:1 transfusion strategy or fixed-ratio transfusion could reduce the number of deaths from hemorrhage; therefore, the strategy has been widely adopted in trauma centres around the world and for nontrauma patients. It uses an equal ratio of red blood cells, plasma and platelets ...
An end-of-life 'conversation guide' for physicians to speak with patients
2013-07-15
How does a doctor tackle the delicate issue of end-of-life care planning with a patient?
With an aging population and people living longer with chronic illness, it is increasingly important for patients and family members to decide how they and their loved ones would like to spend their final days. And for physicians in both hospital and primary care settings, it is crucial that they know how to address this issue with sensitivity.
A new "conversation guide" in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) aims to guide physicians through these sensitive discussions with ...
A guide to help physicians talk to their patients about dying
2013-07-15
Hamilton, ON (July 15, 2013) - How does a doctor tackle the delicate issue of end-of-life care planning with a patient?
With an aging population and people living longer with chronic illness, it is increasingly important for patients and family members to decide how they and their loved ones would like to spend their final days. And for physicians in both hospital and primary care settings, it is crucial that they know how to address this issue with sensitivity.
A new "conversation guide" in Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) aims to guide physicians through ...
Scientists at NCI generate largest data set of cancer-related genetic variations
2013-07-15
PHILADELPHIA — Scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) have generated a data set of cancer-specific genetic variations and are making these data available to the research community, according to a study published in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
This will help cancer researchers better understand drug response and resistance to cancer treatments.
"To date, this is the largest database worldwide, containing 6 billion data points that connect drugs with genomic variants for the whole human genome across cell lines ...
Prior flu exposure dictates your future immunity, allowing for new, rationally developed regiments
2013-07-15
A team of scientists, led by researchers at The Wistar Institute, has determined that it might be possible to stimulate the immune system against multiple strains of influenza virus by sequentially vaccinating individuals with distinct influenza strains isolated over the last century.
Their results also suggest that world health experts might need to re-evaluate standard tests used for surveillance of novel influenza strains. Their findings are published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, available online now.
According to the Wistar researchers, their analysis ...
Phytoplankton social mixers
2013-07-15
VIDEO:
Scientists at MIT and Oxford University have shown that the motility of phytoplankton also helps them determine their fate in ocean turbulence.
Click here for more information.
CAMBRIDGE, MA -- Tiny ocean plants, or phytoplankton, were long thought to be passive drifters in the sea — unable to defy even the weakest currents, or travel by their own volition. In recent decades, research has shown that many species of these unicellular microorganisms can swim, and do ...