Recently, LinkedIn announced its Hiring Assistant, an artificial intelligence “agent” that performs the most repetitious parts of recruiters’ jobs — including interacting with job candidates before and after interviews. LinkedIn’s bot is the highest-profile example in a growing group of tools — such as Tombo.ai and Moonhub.ai — that deploy large language models to interact with job seekers. Given that hiring is consequential — compared with, say, a system that recommends ...

Many scholars have examined the ways in which ancient Roman house design emphasized views and viewing within the domestic space; indeed, the role of the vista in the architecture of this period was so important that Roman law codified “the right to an unobstructed view.” Most villas were constructed on the principle of axiality, providing a view through the entire house, but other techniques were utilized, too, often to complement certain domestic rituals or patterns of movement. Parts of the interior that were visible to an outsider walking past the entrance, for instance, often favored “easily legible decorative schemes,” while rooms where a guest was intended to relax ...

Speaking today at a hearing of the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations, Gladys E. Maestre, MD, PhD, from the Rio Grande Valley Alzheimer’s Disease Resource Center for Minority Aging Research testified to lawmakers about the importance of advancing the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in populations worldwide. Representatives convened the hearing, titled “Meeting the Challenges of ...

BUFFALO, N.Y. — A dramatic, threefold reduction in repeat operations in patients surgically treated for chronic subdural hematoma was achieved when the artery supplying the brain covering was blocked, according to results of a national clinical trial led by neurosurgeons at the University at Buffalo and Weill Cornell Medicine that was published Nov. 21 in the New England Journal of Medicine. “We are changing the way that we are treating this very common disease,” says Jason M. Davies, MD, PhD, corresponding author and associate professor of neurosurgery in the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at UB. “We are changing subdural ...

A novel combination of surgery and embolization used to treat subdural hematomas, bleeding between the brain and its protective membrane due to trauma, reduces the risk of follow-up surgeries, according to researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine and University at Buffalo. Embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that blocks specific blood vessels to stop abnormal bleeding. The finding is based on EMBOLISE, a multi-center, randomized, clinical study that compared chronic subdural hematoma recurrence rates in patients treated with surgery and middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization versus current standard ...

HOUSTON ― The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center today was awarded nearly $8 million from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) in support of faculty recruitment as well as lung and colorectal cancer screening and early detection programs to address cancer incidence rates across Texas. “CPRIT’s continued support is essential for progress in our mission to end cancer, and we appreciate this important funding,” said Peter WT Pisters, M.D., president of MD Anderson. “Our unique research ecosystem enables breakthroughs across all disciplines, ...

A research team from the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy at the LKS Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) has found that internet use is linked to better mental health among adults aged 50 or older across 23 countries. The findings revealed that those who engage online report fewer depressive symptoms, higher life satisfaction and better self-reported health. The researchers call for tailored interventions that utilise internet connectivity to improve overall mental health in middle-aged and older populations, taking into account the ...

Young adults at risk of psychosis show reduced brain connectivity, a deficit that cannabis use appears to worsen, a new study has found. The breakthrough paves the way for psychosis treatments targeting symptoms that current medications miss. In the first-of-its-kind study, McGill University researchers detected a marked decrease in synaptic density—the connections between neurons that enable brain communication—in individuals at risk of psychosis, compared to a healthy control group. “Not every cannabis user will develop psychosis, but for some, the risks are high. Our research helps clarify why,” said Dr. Romina Mizrahi, senior author ...

MINNEAPOLIS – For people seeing a neurologist, their age, race, ethnicity and neighborhood may play a role in whether they do so in person or virtually, via telemedicine, according to a study published in the November 20, 2024, online issue of Neurology® Clinical Practice , an official journal of the American Academy of Neurology. These results do not prove these factors increase or decrease a person’s likelihood to choose telemedicine, they only show an association. “There is an urgent need to develop health care options that can meet the increasing demand created by a shortage of neurologists ...

MINNEAPOLIS – Recovery from an autoimmune inflammation of the brain may take three years or more, according to a study published in the November 20, 2024, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is brain swelling caused when the immune system attacks the brain. A patient memoir titled “Brain on Fire” and a film based on the book have increased awareness of the disease first identified in 2005. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is rare and primarily affects young adults. Symptoms start with headache, fatigue and fever and progress to confusion, memory ...

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex and long-term illness characterized by extreme fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest, and can worsen with physical activity. The exhaustion is severe enough to limit a person’s ability to carry out daily activities like cooking, showering, or even getting dressed. Additional symptoms can include muscle pain, joint pain, memory issues, headaches, sleep problems, and sensitivity to light or sound.  There is no known cause or cure for CFS, which affects an estimated 3.3 million people ...

DETROIT — A new program supported by a four-year, $749,991 grant from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) will use data to study the future of agriculture and train students to better understand how to keep people fed in an ever-changing world. The project, “Nonformal Training of Michigan Youth on Intersection of Agriculture and Data Science,” will be led by Sara Masoud, Ph.D., assistant professor of industrial and systems engineering in Wayne State University’s College of Engineering. Agriculture experts say that arable land per person is projected to decrease by two-thirds of the current available ...

Hair loss significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, and it may be nonscarring or scarring. Etiologically, hair loss may be hereditary (androgenetic alopecia [AGA]); related to age; congenital (hair shaft disorders); traction induced; inflammatory (primary scarring alopecia); autoimmune (alopecia areata); or secondary to medical, surgical, or emotional stressors (telogen effluvium), infection (tinea capitis), and certain medica- tions including cancer therapies. Topical minoxidil is approved by the US Food and Drug Admin- istration (FDA) as an over-the-counter drug designed to treat male pa- tients with AGA (minoxidil, 5% ...

COLUMBUS, Ohio – Chemists have developed a novel way to capture and convert carbon dioxide into methane, suggesting that future gas emissions could be converted into an alternative fuel using electricity from renewable sources.  Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that accounts for a large part of Earth’s warming climate, and is produced by power plants, factories and various forms of transportation. Typical carbon capture systems aimed at reducing its presence in the atmosphere work to lower carbon dioxide emissions by isolating CO2 from other gases and converting it to useful products. However, this process is difficult to implement on an industrial scale due to the ...

Chimpanzees are more likely to engage in play or groom each other if they see others performing these social behaviors first, Georgia Sandars and colleagues at Durham University, U.K. report in a study publishing November 20, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE. Whether it’s yawning or keeping watch for predators, many animals — including primates and ravens — find certain behaviors contagious: after seeing another member of their group performing one of these behaviors, they will instinctively perform it too. This ‘behavioral contagion’ is thought to help animal groups reinforce their social bonds and stay in sync. ...

Educational achievement, mental health diagnoses, childhood abuse, number of arrests and number of children all play a complex role in shaping a person’s vulnerability to commercial sexual exploitation, how long they are exploited for and how difficult it is to get out. That is one conclusion of a new study published November 20, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Courtney Furlong and Ben Hinnant of Auburn University, U.S. Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) occurs when anything of value is given in exchange for a sex act. When CSE involves force, fraud, or coercion, it is termed ...

Florida manatees are threatened by human activity, but they’re also doing better than ever, according to a study examining manatee populations since 12,000 BC, published November 20, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Thomas J. Pluckhahn of the University of South Florida and David K. Thulman of George Washington University, Washington DC, U.S. Florida manatees are an iconic species and also a conservation concern, threatened by environmental change and watercraft collisions. Historical manatee populations are poorly understood, and therefore little is known about the state of manatees before modern human influence, making it difficult for conservationists ...

TAMPA, Fla. (Nov. 20, 2024) – New research suggests that while manatees are an indelible part of Florida’s seascape, they might also be relatively new residents in the Sunshine State. The findings are detailed in a study co-authored by University of South Florida anthropologist Thomas Pluckhahn and David Thulman, an archaeology professor at George Washington University, and scheduled to publish in PLOS ONE on Nov. 20 at 2 p.m. The embargo will lift at that time. The paper, “Historical ...

-With images and videos-   Researchers from Durham University have uncovered new insights into social contagion in chimpanzees, revealing that these primates are capable of catching friendly behaviours, which may strengthen social bonds and increase group harmony.   The study, conducted at the Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage in Zambia, observed two affiliative behaviours—grooming and play—and found that these behaviours can spread among group members in a way that promotes group cohesion.   This groundbreaking study has been published in the journal PLOS ONE, which expands our understanding ...

A team from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem has introduced a new method for megapixel-scale fluorescence microscopy through complex scattering media. This approach resolves high-resolution images from several tens of widefield fluorescence-microscope frames without requiring specialized equipment such as spatial-light modulators or intensive computational processing. By efficiently correcting distortions caused by light scattering, the technique allows for clear imaging of dense and challenging targets. Its compatibility with conventional microscopy setups, coupled with the use of established matrix-based techniques, makes it practical for widespread use. A recent ...

People with chronic liver disease can be categorized into four distinct risk groups based on the different barriers they face in obtaining outpatient care, barriers that increase their odds of requiring hospitalization, a new UCLA study finds. The findings, to be published November 20 in the peer-reviewed PLOS ONE, point to the need for interventions aimed at reducing possibly avoidable hospitalizations among the highest-risk people with chronic liver disease (CLD). Previous research has found that people with CLD on average need more hospital-based care than those with other chronic diseases. About ...

Have you ever wondered why an airplane has a vertical tailfin? The plane needs it to stabilize its flight. Since flying without a vertical tail is much more energy-efficient, the aviation industry has worked hard to accomplish this – so far without much success. However, birds don’t need a vertical fin, which raises the question: how do they do it?  David Lentink, Professor of Biomimetics at the University of Groningen, has developed a robotic bird model with real pigeon feathers to show how they do it. In previous work, he found that birds continuously ...

Individual motivation to act against climate change outweighs the impact of hyperlocal collective intentions, though both approaches are worth strengthening, according to a survey of nine European neighborhoods published Nov. 20, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS Climate by Christian A. Klöckner from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and colleagues. Western society contests the individual versus collective responsibility to combat climate change. But do people feel more motivated to act individually (e.g., making waste-free purchasing choices) or in tandem with others (e.g., protesting or completing ...

Mental health issues are "prevalent and troubling" among forcibly displaced children and young people, per scoping review which finds PTSD, anxiety and depression to be most common conditions.  +++++ Article URL: https://journals.plos.org/mentalhealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmen.0000076 Article Title: Mental health issues of children and young people displaced by conflict: A scoping review Author Countries: Nigeria, United States Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. END ...

Researchers at Duke University School of Medicine have found that tapping into the nervous system could help reduce the gut inflammation that drives inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).   A new study led by Luis Ulloa, PhD, and Wei Yang, PhD, reveals how electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve—a major nerve connecting the brain and gut—may combat the stress-related inflammation that worsens IBD symptoms.  Published in Science Translational Medicine, the study showed that vagus nerve stimulation in stressed mice with colitis, a form of IBD, reduced inflammation, improved symptoms, ...