A comprehensive new systematic review published in The Journal of Nutrition provides the latest evidence that large-scale food fortification is a highly cost-effective intervention for reducing global malnutrition. The research team, made up of scientists from Cochrane Collaboration, the Food Fortification Initiative, Emory University, and TechnoServe, examined 56 studies presenting over 200 economic analyses from 63 countries, including more than 40 low- and middle-income economies and found that the vast majority of food fortification programs deliver substantial health benefits relative to costs. Hidden ...

In the last several years, more than five billion sea stars have died around the world, with population declines exceeding 90 percent in some, once-abundant species. In the Bering Sea, over 10 billion snow crabs starved between 2018-2021, leading to the first-ever closure of one of the nation’s most lucrative fisheries. Meanwhile, in southern New England, a disease that causes shells to degrade emerged in the early 2000s just as the once-thriving lobster fishery collapsed. And the current avian flu pandemic has devastated marine mammal populations, killing 97 percent of elephant seal pups in one colony in Argentina in 2023. In some ...

The international network of gravitational wave detectors LIGO in the United States, Virgo in Italy and KAGRA in Japan (LVK) announced the publication of an updated catalogue of all gravitational events observed to date, called Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogue-4.0 (GWTC-4). The results are the fruit of in-depth analyses conducted over more than two years by scientists from the LVK Collaboration on the new signals observed, with the aim of confirming their validity and studying their most important astrophysical and cosmological implications. Although some of these have already been announced in recent months, the publication of the new catalogue offers a unique perspective ...

When the densest objects in the universe collide and merge, the violence sets off ripples, in the form of gravitational waves, that reverberate across space and time, over hundreds of millions and even billions of years. By the time they pass through Earth, such cosmic ripples are barely discernible.  And yet, scientists are able to detect them, thanks to a global network of gravitational-wave observatories: the U.S.-based National Science Foundation Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (NSF LIGO), ...

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinically significant cause of infertility that affects between 1 to 3% of women of childbearing age. Symptoms include absent menses, low estrogen levels, and elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Although residual primordial follicles often remain in the ovaries of women with POI, these follicles frequently fail to develop spontaneously. Because FSH levels are already high, the follicles typically do not respond to additional hormonal stimulation used in standard fertility treatments. Researchers from Juntendo University, led by Professor Kazuhiro Kawamura, previously ...

Inflammatory osteolysis is a condition involving progressive bone tissue destruction and is observed in many well-known skeletal disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and chronic apical periodontitis. This condition is driven by immune hyperactivation, sustained immune responses, and increased numbers of bone-degrading osteoclast cells, which together cause inflammation and weakening of affected bone tissue. Copper is a vital element for the deposition of collagen in bone tissue, and hence bones contain significant traces of copper. However, excessive cellular copper disrupts glucose and glycogen metabolism pathways ...

Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic fragments with sizes ranging from millimeters (<5 mm) to nanometers, have become a growing environmental and public health concern. First identified in the 1970s, these particles are now omnipresent in water, soil, air, and everyday products, such as detergents and cosmetics. Hundreds of these particles can be ingested or inhaled in a day, with smaller particles posing a greater risk as they may accumulate in organs such as the liver, lungs, kidneys, and even the brain. Understanding the in vivo behavior and biological effects of these irregularly shaped nano-sized MPs is therefore ...

The shape of an organism is the first way we experience most species and the subject of one of the oldest pursuits in biology. However, the application of big data and computational methods for studying organismal shape has been held back by key technical bottlenecks, making it difficult to capture and share accurate 3D morphological data on large scales. Now, researchers have broken this bottleneck with a project on ants, small but critical organisms in many ecosystems around the world. Using modern technology, researchers have ...

For more than a decade, Evan Economo’s lab has been using micro-CT machines to scan insect specimens. The resulting X-ray images help researchers study the form and structure of insects—a subfield of entomology known as morphology—but the process is costly and time-consuming. “One limitation is that you can get this rich 3D dataset, but it could take 10 hours to scan one specimen,” explained Economo, who chairs the University of Maryland’s Department of Entomology and holds the James B. Gahan and Margaret H. Gahan Professorship. As a senior author of a paper published in the journal ...

What happens when a solar superstorm hits Mars? Thanks to the European Space Agency’s Mars orbiters, we now know: glitching spacecraft and a supercharged upper atmosphere. In May 2024, Earth was hit by the biggest solar storm recorded in over 20 years. It sent our planet’s atmosphere into overdrive, triggering shimmering auroras that were seen as far south as Mexico. This storm also hit Mars. Fortunately, ESA’s two Mars Orbiters – Mars Express and ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) – were in the right place at the right time, with a radiation monitor aboard TGO picking up a dose equivalent to 200 ‘normal’ days in just 64 hours. A new study to ...

University of Warwick and MIT scientists reveal hidden microscopic networks on catalyst surfaces that could lead to cleaner and greener chemical processes. Catalysts are essential to modern industry, accelerating reactions used to produce everything from fertilisers and fuels to medicines and hydrogen energy. But until now, scientists could not directly observe how reactions unfold across real catalyst surfaces. In a study published in Nature Catalysis, researchers from Warwick and MIT have visualised ...

Electrons can be ‘kicked across’ solar materials at almost the fastest speed nature allows, scientists have discovered – challenging long-held theories about how solar energy systems work. The finding could help researchers design more efficient ways of harvesting sunlight and converting it into electricity. In experiments capturing events lasting just 18 femtoseconds – less than 20 quadrillionths of a second – researchers at the University of Cambridge observed charge separation happening within a single molecular vibration. “We deliberately designed a system that, according to conventional ...

Mariana Bueno, an Assistant Professor at the Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, is the lead author of a recently published Cochrane review investigating the administration of sucrose as a form of pain management for hospitalized infants who undergo venepuncture. The review which included studies worldwide, found that sucrose administration stood out as an effective and safe option to manage pain and provide comfort to babies during venepuncture, especially when compared to no treatment. “Giving infants a pacifier in addition ...

The study is among the first to examine strengths-based indicators of well-being in a large, population-level Indigenous sample. Healthy functioning was significantly associated with never smoking, being physically active, having fewer chronic health conditions, and meeting basic financial needs. These results challenge deficit-focused narratives that blame individuals or groups rather than policies, socioeconomic conditions, and other structural issues. Instead, they underscore the value of identifying factors that support thriving in Indigenous communities. “Understanding wellness among Indigenous Peoples requires recognizing both the structural barriers created ...

The Bureaucracy Index, which tracks the growth in the volume of applicable German federal laws, has once again reached a record high. Since 2010, the volume of legislation has risen steadily, with no structural reversal in sight. The scope of legislation continued to rise in 2025. Despite commitments to reducing bureaucracy, regulation has not eased. The Bureaucracy Index is compiled jointly by university professor Dr. Stefan Wagner of the University of Vienna in collaboration with ESMT Berlin ...

A portable version of the global model used by ECMWF to produce medium-range weather forecasts is being made openly available to all for the first time. The OpenIFS model, a version of the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) used for research, education and training, has, until now, only been available for use under licence, for example within an institution. Now, ECMWF is making OpenIFS’s forecasts fully open source. The change will make it easier to collaborate and generate new ideas, with everyone having access to the same version of the data. “Opening ...

Aging in later life is often portrayed as a steady slide toward physical and cognitive decline. But a new study by scientists at Yale University suggests an alternate narrative — that older individuals can and do improve over time and their mindset toward aging plays a major part in their success. Analyzing more than a decade of data from a large, nationally representative study of older Americans, lead author Becca R. Levy, a professor of social and behavioral sciences at the Yale School of Public Health (YSPH), found that nearly half of adults aged 65 and older showed measurable improvement in cognitive function, physical function, or both, ...

  A team of Korean researchers has, for the first time in the world, developed a technology capable of enabling early diagnosis of major neurological disorders including epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia using only a small amount of saliva. This study was conducted jointly by a research team led by Dr. Sung-Gyu Park of the Advanced Bio and Healthcare Materials Research Division at the Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), together with Prof. Ho Sang Jung’s team at Korea University and researchers from the College of Medicine at The Catholic University of Korea. The research ...

To address persistent concerns about harassment, boundary violation and user safety in digital dating spaces, a research team led by the University of Waterloo has launched an interactive Safety Map to coincide with International Women’s Day. Hundreds of millions of people use dating apps worldwide, with younger adults aged 18 to 34 being the most active users. In Canada, for example, roughly one in three people report having ...

SINGAPORE, 5 MARCH 2026—Scientists at Duke-NUS Medical School have found that viruses circulating in live poultry markets can be detected more effectively by sampling the surrounding environment than by testing individual birds. The study, published in Nature Communications, shows that environmental sampling can uncover a broader range of poultry viruses—including highly pathogenic avian influenza strains that traditional surveillance may miss. Live poultry markets are widely used across Asia, supplying fresh food and supporting livelihoods. However, they are also settings where humans and animals interact closely, increasing the risk of viruses crossing ...

The team led by Prof. Lin Zhu from Guangzhou Sport University have demonstrated that 4-week low-intensity treadmill exercise before the onset of an ischemic stroke can significantly reduce brain injury and improve neurological outcomes. This study, published in Translational Exercise Biomedicine (ISSN: 2942-6812), an official partner journal of International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), offers a promising, non-pharmacological strategy for the millions of people worldwide at risk of this ...

In 2009, a scandal was exposed at a cemetery just outside of Chicago. Workers at Burr Oak Cemetery in Alsip, Illinois, were accused of exhuming old graves, dumping the remains elsewhere on the cemetery grounds, and reselling the burial plots. When the case went to trial in 2015, one key piece of evidence was a tiny clump of moss. In a new study in the journal Forensic Sciences Research, researchers are sharing the first full scientific account of the case, detailing precisely how moss played a role in proving that a ...

Teenagers across the country are getting less sleep, a researcher from the University of Connecticut reports on March 2 in JAMA. And the problem appears to be societal. Teens not getting enough sleep has been reported as a problem in the medical literature since at least the turn of the 20th century: a 1905 study in The Lancet of the sleep hours of boys in British boarding schools worried that they were not getting enough sleep due to nighttime lighting, and suggested that “late to bed and early to rise is neither physiological nor wise”. ...

A year after stopping taking weight loss drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy, people regain on average 60% of their lost weight – but beyond this, their weight regain plateaus, with individuals managing to keep off 25% of the weight lost to treatment, say researchers at the University of Cambridge. It isn’t clear, however, whether the weight regain constitutes both fat and muscle, or mainly fat. Previous studies have suggested that lean body mass – including muscle – can constitute up to 40% of total weight lost during treatment. More than a billion people worldwide ...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity may also help to lower the risk of addiction to a range of substances including alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, nicotine, and opioids, finds a large US study published by The BMJ today. GLP-1 receptor agonists were also associated with reduced risks of adverse outcomes such as overdoses and drug-related emergency department visits and deaths in people with pre-existing substance use disorders, the results show. Some studies suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists ...