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Medicine 2026-03-19

Can synaptic connectivity alone reveal neuron types?

Recent technological advances facilitate the reconstruction of complete brain connectomes in small organisms and partial connectomes in mammals, involving the mapping of the network of neurons and synaptic connections. Accurate cell typing of these connectomes aids in interpreting circuit functions and comparing brain organization across species. Traditionally, cell typing relied on manual morphological classification by experts—a slow process that required detailed anatomical information. However, morphology can be deceptive or inadequate in many brain regions, especially in circuits ...
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Engineering 2026-03-19

Uncovering structural cue use in second-language sentence processing

People often seem to understand language before they have actually heard enough words to determine its structure. In everyday conversation, listeners react immediately, anticipate what others will say, and rarely wait for a sentence to finish. This raises the question of how the brain is able to keep up with such rapid communication. In a new study, an international team of researchers, led by Associate Professor Chie Nakamura from the School of International Liberal Studies, Waseda University, Japan, investigated how listeners interpret structurally ambiguous sentences in ...
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Science 2026-03-19

Policy revision expands access to rotational atherectomy without compromising PCI outcomes

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a standard treatment for significant coronary artery disease. Cardiologists use a catheter to place a stent that opens up the blockage and restores blood flow to the heart. However, dense, calcified atherosclerotic plaque can prevent proper placement or unfolding of stents, resulting in reduced blood flow to the heart even after PCI. Rotational atherectomy (RA) is a specialized technique used to modify heavily calcified plaque before stent placement. A conical burr ablates the calcified plaque, creating ...
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Science 2026-03-19

Role of TGF-β1 signaling in spinal cord injury recovery

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to long-term loss of motor and sensory function, with limited available treatment options to restore the lost function. A major challenge in recovery is the formation of scar tissue at the injury site that prevents damaged nerve fibers from regenerating. Glial scarring has been thoroughly investigated, while fibrotic scar formation has been less studied. Transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF-β1), a signaling molecule that regulates inflammation and tissue repair, has been known to play a critical role in fibrosis in many tissues. Understanding how fibrotic scars form could aid in the ...
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