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Mapping the evolution of urinary tract cancer cells

Mapping the evolution of urinary tract cancer cells
2024-03-18
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have performed the most comprehensive analysis to date of cancer of the ureters or the urine-collection cavities in the kidney, known as upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).  The study, which compared the characteristics of primary and metastatic tumors, provides new insights into the biology of these aggressive cancers and potential ways to treat them. In the study, which appeared March 18 in Nature Communications, the researchers examined tissue samples from 44 primary and metastatic UTUC tumors. They compared gene mutations ...

Implantable sensor could lead to timelier Crohn’s treatment

2024-03-18
· Temperature sensor warns of disease flareups, tracks disease progression in real time · Currently no way to quickly detect inflammation, leading to invasive surgeries · Strategy could be useful in ulcerative colitis, another inflammatory bowel disease  CHICAGO --- A team of Northwestern University scientists has developed the first wireless, implantable temperature sensor to detect inflammatory flareups in patients with Crohn’s disease. The approach offers long-term, real-time monitoring and ...

Glucose levels affect cognitive performance in people with type 1 diabetes differently

2024-03-18
A new study led by researchers at McLean Hospital (a member of Mass General Brigham) and Washington State University used advances in digital testing to demonstrate that naturally occurring glucose fluctuations impact cognitive function in people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Results showed that cognition was slower in moments when glucose was atypical – that is, considerably higher or lower than someone’s usual glucose level. However, some people were more susceptible to the cognitive effects of large glucose fluctuations than others. “In trying to understand how diabetes impacts the brain, our research shows that it is important to consider not only how people ...

Mimicking exercise with a pill

Mimicking exercise with a pill
2024-03-18
NEW ORLEANS, March 18, 2024 — Doctors have long prescribed exercise to improve and protect health. In the future, a pill may offer some of the same benefits as exercise. Now, researchers report on new compounds that appear capable of mimicking the physical boost of working out — at least within rodent cells. This discovery could lead to a new way to treat muscle atrophy and other medical conditions in people, including heart failure and neurodegenerative disease. The researchers will present their ...

New composite decking could reduce global warming effects of building materials

New composite decking could reduce global warming effects of building materials
2024-03-18
NEW ORLEANS, March 18, 2024 — Buildings and production of the materials used in their construction emit a lot of carbon dioxide (CO2), a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and climate change. But storing CO2 in building materials could help make them more environmentally friendly. Scientists report that they have designed a composite decking material that stores more CO2 than is required to manufacture it, providing a “carbon-negative” option that meets building codes and is less expensive than standard composite decking. The researchers will present their results today at the spring meeting of the American Chemical Society ...

Artificial mucus identifies link to tumor formation

Artificial mucus identifies link to tumor formation
2024-03-18
NEW ORLEANS, March 18, 2024 – During cold and flu season, excess mucus is a common, unpleasant symptom of illness, but the slippery substance is essential to human health. To better understand its many roles, researchers synthesized the major component of mucus, the sugar-coated proteins called mucins, and discovered that changing the mucins of healthy cells to resemble those of cancer cells made healthy cells act more cancer-like. The researcher will present her results today at the spring meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS). ACS Spring 2024 is a hybrid meeting being held virtually and in person March 17-21; it features nearly 12,000 ...

Study explores homeless women’s experiences of ‘period poverty’

2024-03-18
Research from the University of Southampton has identified common issues women face when experiencing periods while homeless. A review of research published in Women and Health has found homeless women experienced practical challenges in managing menstruation alongside feelings of embarrassment and shame, with many ‘making do’ due to inadequate provision. The researchers say it’s high time to address the provision of menstrual health resources as a basic human right. Dr Stephanie Barker, a teaching fellow at the University of ...

Keeping score: novel method might help differentiate 2 serious skin diseases

Keeping score: novel method might help differentiate 2 serious skin diseases
2024-03-18
Your skin becomes red and spots filled with pus appear, so you visit a dermatologist. When these symptoms spread to the skin throughout the body, it is difficult for the physician to distinguish whether it is generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) or acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), as both have similar symptoms. The two diseases run different courses and require different treatments. Without proper treatment, the symptoms can worsen severely and cause complications, so it is essential to distinguish between them. Researchers ...

Developing bifunctional catalyst performance enhancement technology that will dramatically lower the cost of hydrogen production

Developing bifunctional catalyst performance enhancement technology that will dramatically lower the cost of hydrogen production
2024-03-18
Dr. Hyung-Suk Oh and Dr. Woong-Hee Lee of the Clean Energy Research Center at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), in collaboration with POSTECH and Yonsei University, have developed a methodology to improve the reversibility and durability of electrodes using bifunctional platinum-nickel alloy catalysts with an octahedral structure that exhibits both oxygen reduction and generation reactions. Bifunctional catalysts are a new generation of catalysts that simultaneously produce hydrogen and oxygen from water using a single catalyst. Currently, electrochemical systems such as water electrolysis technology and CCU (carbon dioxide ...

Animal hair structure changes from summer to winter to fend off freezing weather

Animal hair structure changes from summer to winter to fend off freezing weather
2024-03-17
NEW ORLEANS, March 17, 2024 — Unique adaptations allow wild animals to survive temperature extremes that would quickly kill an unprotected human. For example, certain animals can withstand bitterly cold weather, thanks to the insulating properties of the hollow hairs that make up their coats. Little has been known about the hairs, but now, researchers have discovered that their inner structure changes with the seasons. The researchers will present their results today at the spring meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS). ACS Spring 2024 is a hybrid meeting being held virtually and in person March ...

The many flavors of edible ants

The many flavors of edible ants
2024-03-17
NEW ORLEANS, March 17, 2024 — Insects are typically unwelcome visitors to a picnic, but they could be a flavorful, nutritious and sustainable addition to the menu. Eating insects is common in some parts of the world, and some species are even considered delicacies. Ants are one example, sometimes roasted whole for a snack or ground and used to add flavor and texture to dishes. Researchers now report the unique aroma profiles of four species of edible ants, which taste markedly different from one another. The researchers will present their results today at the spring meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS). ACS Spring 2024 is a hybrid meeting being held ...

Better kombucha brewing through chemistry

Better kombucha brewing through chemistry
2024-03-17
NEW ORLEANS, March 17, 2024 — Kombucha is a fermented tea known for its health benefits and tangy kick. But brewers can find it challenging to keep kombucha’s alcohol levels low because the bacteria and yeast used in the fermentation process vary from batch to batch. Now, chemists from Shippensburg University are investigating ways to reliably minimize alcohol, tailor taste profiles and speed up the kombucha fermentation process to help home and commercial producers optimize their funky brews. The ...

Very low calorie diets are safe and acceptable for teenagers with moderate to severe obesity when used short-term and supported by a dietitian, Australian study finds

2024-03-16
*This is an early press release from the European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2024) Venice 12-15 May. Please credit the Congress if using this material* Short-term very low calorie diets are safe for teenagers living with moderate to severe obesity when closely monitored by an experienced dietitian, new research to be presented at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2024), has found.  In addition, many of the adolescents who took part in the Australian study found a very low calorie diet to be an acceptable way to lose weight, despite experiencing side-effects. Very low energy diets (VLED) typically involve taking in ≤ 800 calories per day and include meal replacements ...

Mount Sinai experts to present new research at 71th Annual Meeting of the Society for Reproductive Investigation

2024-03-16
Reproductive health experts from the Women’s Biomedical Research Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai will present research at the 71th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Reproductive Investigation (SRI) in Vancouver, Canada from March 12-16. The doctors and researchers are available for interview about their findings; they can also provide commentary on other women’s health and female biology topics, breaking news, and studies.   PRESENTATIONS and POSTER SESSIONS (*All abstracts are under embargo until the below listed times*) Friday, March 15, 2024 9:00 -11:00 a.m. PT (12:00-2:00 ...

Less is more: Not placing a drain improves distal pancreatectomy outcomes

2024-03-16
Research led by Amsterdam UMC across ten Dutch hospitals and two Italian hospitals has found that not placing a drain during surgery improves outcomes in patients undergoing a left-sided pancreatic resection, also known as ‘distal pancreatectomy’. The study, today published in Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, set out to confirm the safety of drainless surgery, as compared to the current routine practice of leaving a surgical drain. Ultimately, the study not only confirmed the safety of ‘drainless ...

UC study: Subcutaneous infusion pump safe, effective for Parkinson’s treatment

UC study: Subcutaneous infusion pump safe, effective for Parkinson’s treatment
2024-03-16
An international, multisite phase 3 trial co-led by a University of Cincinnati researcher found Parkinson’s disease medication delivered through an infusion pump is safe and effective at reducing symptoms for longer periods of time. These results, published March 15 in the Lancet Neurology journal, could lead to additional treatment options for patients with the condition.  Parkinson’s symptoms such as tremors, slowness and stiffness are caused by low levels of dopamine in the body. For decades, doctors ...

Oregon State researchers take deep dive into how much water is stored in snow

Oregon State researchers take deep dive into how much water is stored in snow
2024-03-15
CORVALLIS, Ore. – A heavy snowpack is fun for skiers and sledders, and it also acts like an open-air storage tank that melts away to provide water for drinking, irrigation and other purposes during dry months. But exactly how much water is held in snowpacks, and for how long? That information, critical to water managers around the globe, has taken on new clarity thanks to a new, more holistic calculation technique developed by researchers in the Oregon State University College of Engineering. “Water managers tend to consider a portfolio of infrastructure options – surface water reservoirs, groundwater ...

Experts document a decade of progress under the workforce innovation and opportunity act benefiting students with disabilities

2024-03-15
Amsterdam, March 15, 2024 – Ten years ago, the United States passed into federal law the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), broadening the mandate of state vocational rehabilitation agencies to facilitate successful school-to-work transitions for student populations. Among its many provisions, the measure provided an unparalleled opportunity to expand the scope of available experiences and training to help students with disabilities prepare for competitive integrated employment. A special issue of the Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, published by IOS Press, explores the state-of-the-art of pre-employment transition services (Pre-ETS) practices, and scholarship. ...

Why killer T cells lose energy inside of solid tumors

Why killer T cells lose energy inside of solid tumors
2024-03-15
CHAPEL HILL, N.C. – T cells are often called “assassins” or “killers” because they can orchestrate and carry out missions to hunt down bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells throughout the body. Mighty as they may be, recent research has shown that once T cells infiltrate the environment of a solid tumor, they lose the energy needed to combat the cancer. A research team led by Jessica Thaxton, PhD, MsCR, associate professor of cell biology and physiology and co-leader of the Cancer Cell Biology Program ...

Sylvester researchers, collaborators call for greater investment in bereavement care

Sylvester researchers, collaborators call for greater investment in bereavement care
2024-03-15
MIAMI, FLORIDA (March 15, 2024) – The public health toll from bereavement is well-documented in the medical literature, with bereaved persons at greater risk for many adverse outcomes, including mental health challenges, decreased quality of life, health care neglect, cancer, heart disease, suicide, and death. Now, in a paper published in The Lancet Public Health, researchers sound a clarion call for greater investment, at both the community and institutional level, in establishing support for grief-related suffering. The authors emphasized that increased mortality worldwide caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, suicide, drug overdose, homicide, ...

Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation awards $4.8 million to top young scientists

2024-03-15
The Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation has named 14 new Damon Runyon Fellows, exceptional postdoctoral scientists conducting basic and translational cancer research in the laboratories of leading senior investigators. The prestigious, four-year Fellowship encourages the nation's most promising young scientists to pursue careers in cancer research by providing them with independent funding ($300,000 total) to investigate cancer causes, mechanisms, therapies, and prevention. The Foundation has also named six recipients of the Damon Runyon-Dale F. Frey Award for Breakthrough Scientists. This award recognizes Damon Runyon Fellows who have exceeded the Foundation’s ...

Groundbreaking study reveals extensive leatherback turtle activity along U.S. coastline

Groundbreaking study reveals extensive leatherback turtle activity along U.S. coastline
2024-03-15
A new study led by a team of marine scientists at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Southeast Fisheries Science Center, provides groundbreaking findings that offer insights on the migration and foraging patterns of leatherback sea turtles along the Northwest Atlantic shelf. Scientists have known that leatherbacks commonly swim from the South and Mid-Atlantic Bights during the warmer months to reach feeding areas near New England and Nova Scotia, Canada where food is plentiful. ...

Imaging with 99mTc-maraciclatide correlates with identification of early-stage endometriosis by laparoscopic surgery

2024-03-15
The presentation summarised the preliminary findings from patients with known or suspected endometriosis who were imaged with a SPECT-CT camera and subsequently underwent planned laparoscopic surgery, a key-hole surgical procedure to establish the presence, absence and location of endometriotic lesions. The imaging findings were compared to the surgical and histology reports and indicate that 99mTc-maraciclatide holds potential as a non-invasive test for early-stage endometriosis. Specifically these preliminary findings demonstrate that 99mTc-maraciclatide has the potential to: Visualise superficial peritoneal endometriosis which is found ...

BU researchers first to identify a signaling molecule in neuroblastoma immunosuppression and aggressiveness

2024-03-15
(Boston)—The MYCN oncoprotein (proteins related to the growth of cancer cells) plays a key role in starting, advancing and making it difficult to treat various human cancers. When MYCN is overactive, especially in high-risk neuroblastoma (childhood cancer often found in the adrenal glands), the tumors become less responsive to immunotherapy—a treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight cancer. Still, recognition of this problem has not led to any effective strategies to tackle this problem.   In a new study from Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, researchers found that MYCN selectively increases ...

CHOP researchers discover key metabolic process responsible for rapid immune responses

2024-03-15
Philadelphia, March 15, 2024 – Researchers from Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) identified a key metabolite in cells that helps direct immune responses and explains at a single cell level why immune cells that most efficiently recognize pathogens, vaccines, or diseased cells grow and divide faster than other cells. The findings also indicate that a better understanding of this metabolite and its role in immune response could improve the design of immunotherapies and create longer-lived responses against different types of cancer as well as enhance vaccine strategies. The findings were published ...
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