Tsukuba, Japan—Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory disease characterized by fibrosis and bile duct stricturing, which ultimately leads to cirrhosis and liver failure. PSC is strongly associated with both types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. However, the patient population in Asia is relatively small, and no large-scale studies have previously examined the prevalence and clinical course of PSC in this region. To address this gap, the research team conducted a multinational collaborative ...

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a type of volatile organic compound (VOC) that was once widely used as a refrigerant and cleaning agent, but is now strictly regulated due to its toxic properties. However, its environmental impact remains a concern and recent reports indicate that CCl₄ emissions have been detected in some countries. Therefore, the development of CCl₄ decomposition technology is critical, and holds promise for its application in decomposing and neutralizing various VOCs. In search of a probable solution, Professor Kenji Okitsu and graduate student Aerfate Abulikemu from Osaka Metropolitan University’s Graduate School ...

BONN, GERMANY, 2 December 2025 -- A landmark review published today in Genomic Psychiatry challenges researchers to fundamentally reconsider how the field measures and conceptualizes biological aging. Dr. Dan Ehninger, who leads the Translational Biogerontology Laboratory at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Dr. Maryam Keshavarz present a systematic analysis arguing that widely used proxies for aging, including lifespan extension, epigenetic clocks, frailty indices, and even the celebrated hallmarks of aging framework, may conflate genuine modifications of aging trajectories with simpler age-independent effects on physiology. The ...

A Curtin University-led study has found that where Australians live has a measurable influence on their body weight, with local food environments and neighbourhood design playing a big part in shaping health outcomes. The research tracked the same Australians across 14 years and discovered that people who move to a new area gradually adopt part of the typical weight profile of their new community, showing that “place” itself contributes to differences in weight across the country. Lead author PhD candidate Michael Windsor, from the Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, said the findings ...

Sweat contains a wealth of biological information that, with the help of artificial intelligence and next-generation sensors, could transform how we monitor our health and wellbeing, a new study suggests. The study, published in the Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, examines sweat's potential for real-time monitoring of hormones and other biomarkers, medication doses, and early detection of diseases such as diabetes, cancer, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. “Collecting sweat is painless, simple ...

Nashville, TN & Williamsburg, VA – 24 Nov 2025 – A new study published in Artif. Intell. Auton. Syst. delivers the first systematic cross-model analysis of prompt engineering for structured data generation, offering actionable guidance for developers, data scientists, and organizations leveraging large language models (LLMs) in healthcare, e-commerce, and beyond. Led by Ashraf Elnashar from Vanderbilt University, alongside co-authors Jules White (Vanderbilt University) and Douglas C. Schmidt (William & ...

As summer festivals and youth gatherings return in full swing, new research from Flinders University is revealing the hidden health risks that come with multi-day events, and how to avoid them. A comprehensive review led by public health experts to identify and understand the risks that occur at multi-day events reveals that infectious disease outbreaks and foodborne illnesses are the most common public health threats at youth-focused mass gatherings. The global study examined 19 multi-day events attended predominantly by young people, ranging from music festivals and cultural ...

Researchers from the University of Adelaide’s Davies Livestock Research Centre (DLRC) have described the most complete cattle genome yet, in a study that will lead to improvements in Wagyu breeding and result in better beef marbling. “We have presented a near complete cattle genome that is 16 per cent longer than the current reference genome,” said Dr Lloyd Low, from the DLRC and senior author of the study published in Nature Communications. “This new Wagyu genome provides a much more complete and accurate view of the genetic blueprint behind one of the world’s most ...

HONOLULU, Dec. 1, 2025 — One of the many benefits of electric vehicles is that they are much quieter than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. In some cases, though, they are too quiet. Automakers are required to design their vehicles so they emit sounds at low speeds to alert pedestrians to their presence. However, aside from some basic regulations regarding volume, automakers are free to choose whatever noise they wish their vehicles to emit. This freedom gives researchers a unique opportunity to design custom sounds to maximize their effectiveness. Graduate ...

HONOLULU, Dec. 1, 2025 — How would you react if you overheard the voice of a long-lost friend or old co-worker? Chances are, just the sound of their voice will bring back memories of times you spent together. Humans are not the only animals that can remember the voices of their old acquaintances. Elephant seals, too, can remember the calls of their rivals even a year later. Caroline Casey, research scientist and adjunct professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz, will present her team’s research on elephant seal memory Monday, Dec. 1, at 2:45 p.m. HST as part of the Sixth ...

A University of Cambridge-led team has analysed giant anaconda fossils from South America to deduce that these tropical snakes reached their maximum size 12.4 million years ago and have remained giants ever since. Many animal species that lived 12.4 to 5.3 million years ago, in the period known as the ‘Middle to Upper Miocene’, were much bigger than their modern relatives due to warmer global temperatures, extensive wetlands and an abundance of food. While other Miocene giants - like the 12-metre caiman (Purussaurus) and the 3.2-metre giant freshwater turtle (Stupendemys) - have since gone extinct, anacondas (Eunectes) bucked the trend by surviving as a giant species. Anacondas ...

MIAMI, FLORIDA (DEC. 1, 2025) – A new generation of targeted treatments and gentler chemotherapy options for older adults with a new diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is driving better survival and cure rates. Led by Mikkael Sekeres, M.D., M.S., chief of the Division of Hematology at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, part of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, the updated 2025 American Society of Hematology (ASH) AML treatment guidelines, appear Dec. 1, 2025, in the journal Blood Advances.In addition, the updated guidelines will be presented Dec . 7 at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual ...

Microbiomes, the communities of microorganisms that live in and around us, play a vital role in everything from human health to soil fertility and climate regulation. But studying these tiny life forms, especially outside the human body, presents a major challenge: how do scientists share complex data across such a wide range of environments and disciplines? To help solve this problem, a team of nearly 250 researchers from 28 countries has developed a new set of guidelines called STREAMS, short for Standards for Technical Reporting in Environmental and host-Associated Microbiome Studies. STREAMS builds on ...

Artificial intelligence systems that are designed with a biologically inspired architecture can simulate human brain activity before ever being trained on any data, according to new research from Johns Hopkins University. The findings, published in Nature Machine Intelligence, challenge conventional approaches to building AI by prioritizing architectural design over the type of deep learning and training that takes months, costs billions of dollars and requires thousands of megawatts of energy.  “The way that the AI field is moving right now is to throw a bunch of data at the models and build compute resources the size of small cities. That ...

SINGAPORE, 1 December 2025 – Asia Pathogen Genomics Initiative (Asia PGI) today offered the first public preview of PathGen, an AI-powered sense-making and decision-making support platform of pathogen genomics and contextual data. Designed for public health practitioners, clinicians and industry, it can help detect emerging disease threats earlier, assess risks faster, and coordinate responses within and across borders, all without compromising countries’ ownership of their respective sovereign data. The objective is to strengthen health security across Asia and beyond, ...

Scientists have long known that bacteria come in many shapes and sizes, but understanding what those differences mean has remained a major challenge, especially for species that can’t be grown in the lab. Now, a new study led by Nina Wale, an Assistant Professor in MSU’s Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, introduces a groundbreaking method that could change how researchers study bacterial diversity.  The research, published in mSphere, focuses on a tiny, unculturable pathogen called Pasteuria ramosa, which infects water-dwelling ...

Two new publications remap the understanding of reverse weathering in the scientific community. The Dauphin Island Sea Lab’s Senior Marine Scientist, Dr. Jeffrey Krause, played a key role in both projects, which include several collaborating institutions.  Reverse weathering is one of the ocean’s most important yet least understood geochemical processes.  During this natural process, dissolved minerals and chemicals combine to form new clay minerals in seafloor sediments.  These reactions greatly influence the marine silicon cycle and Earth’s climate because they take dissolved ...

Ask someone on Earth for the time and they can give you an exact answer, thanks to our planet’s intricate timekeeping system, built with atomic clocks, GPS satellites and high-speed telecommunications networks. However, Einstein showed us that clocks don’t tick at the same rate across the universe. Clocks will run slightly faster or slower depending on the strength of gravity in their environment, making it tricky to synchronize our watches here on Earth, let alone across the vast solar system. If humans want to establish a long-term presence on the red planet, scientists ...

WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. — Rocks that stood out as light-colored dots on the reddish-orange surface of Mars now are the latest evidence that areas of the small planet may have once supported wet oases with humid climates and heavy rainfall comparable to tropical climates on Earth. The rocks discovered by NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover are white, aluminum-rich kaolinite clay, which forms on Earth after rocks and sediment are leached of all other minerals by millions of years of a wet, rainy climate. These ...

Researchers have unveiled a new catalyst made from renewable plant waste that could significantly accelerate clean hydrogen production. The innovative material, created by embedding nickel oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles into lignin-derived carbon fibers, boosts the efficiency and stability of the oxygen evolution reaction, a key step in water electrolysis. The study, published in Biochar X, demonstrates that the new catalyst achieves a low overpotential of 250 mV at 10 mA cm² and maintains strong performance for over 50 hours at high current density. These results suggest a promising path toward cost-effective and sustainable ...

EL PASO, Texas (Dec. 1, 2025) – Scientists at The University of Texas at El Paso have found a promising new target in the fight against high-grade serous carcinoma, an aggressive form of ovarian cancer. Less than 50 percent of women survive five years after diagnosis, according to the team. A new study published in the journal Scientific Reports shows that Claudin-4, a protein that increases in ovarian cancer, may be the culprit behind the cancer’s resistance, helping tumors both survive ...

N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, better known as DEET, is one of the world’s most widely used insect repellents – and it is now turning up in rivers, lakes, groundwater and even drinking water around the globe, according to a new review by an international research team. The authors warn that while DEET helps protect millions of people from mosquito-borne diseases, its growing footprint in aquatic environments raises questions about long‑term ecological and health risks. “We shouldn’t wait for a crisis” “DEET has been a public‑health success story for decades, but our analysis shows it is also becoming a quiet, global water contaminant,” said lead ...

Iron fortified hemp biochar made from agricultural waste can significantly cut the amount of “forever chemicals” that move from contaminated soil into food crops, according to a new study on radishes grown in PFAS polluted soil. Plain language overview Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are extremely persistent industrial chemicals that can move through soil, water and air and build up in crops and people. In this greenhouse study, researchers tested whether biochar made from hemp plants, and enhanced with iron, could lock PFAS in place and keep them out of edible radish bulbs. They found that ...

Follow @Annalsofim on X, Facebook, Instagram, Bluesky, and Linkedin              Below please find summaries of new articles that will be published in the next issue of Annals of Internal Medicine. The summaries are not intended to substitute for the full articles as a source of information. This information is under strict embargo and by taking it into possession, media representatives are committing to the terms of the embargo not only on their own behalf, but also on behalf of the organization they ...

The beauty of the DNA code is that organisms interpret it unambiguously. Each three-letter nucleotide sequence, or codon, in a gene codes for a unique amino acid that’s added to a chain of amino acids to make a protein. But University of California, Berkeley, researchers have now shown that one microorganism can live with a bit of ambiguity in its genetic code, overturning a standard dogma of biology. The organism, a methane-producing member of a group of microbes called Archaea, interprets one three-letter sequence — normally a stop codon that signals the end of a ...