(Press-News.org) URBANA. Ill. – Pork producers need accurate information on the energy value of fat in feed ingredients to ensure that diets are formulated economically and in a way that maximizes pork fat quality. Researchers at the University of Illinois have determined the true ileal and total tract digestibility of fat in four corn co-products, as well as in full fat soybeans and corn oil.
Hans H. Stein, a professor of animal sciences at U of I, led the team of researchers in the study in which they looked at four corn co-products: distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), high-protein distillers dried grains (HP DDG), corn germ, and a high-oil corn that contained about 7 percent lipids. They also tested full-fat soybeans and extracted corn oil.
Three diets were formulated containing each source of oil, as well as a basal diet that contained no added fat. These diets were fed to cannulated pigs. The apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of lipids in each diet was calculated and a regression procedure was used to estimate endogenous losses and to calculate the true ileal digestibility and the true total tract digestibility of lipids.
"We observed that the digestibility of oil in soybeans is much greater than in the corn co-products. It appears that pigs can utilize that oil much more easily," Stein said.
He attributed this to differences in the way fat is stored in the ingredients. "In soybeans, you have almost 20 percent fat, and therefore a lot of that fat is just stored as regular triglycerides, and relatively easy to get to. In the other ingredients, in particular the corn germ and the DDGS, some of the fat is encapsulated by fiber, which makes it more difficult for the enzymes to digest."
According to study results, the true ileal digestibility of corn oil was greatest at 95.4 percent. Among intact sources of fat, the fat in full-fat soybeans (85.2 percent) and HP DDG (76.5 percent) was the most digestible. Digestibility of fat was lowest in DDGS (62.1 percent), high-oil corn (53.0 percent), and corn germ (50.1 percent).
Corn oil also had the greatest true total tract digestibility at 94.3 percent. Full-fat soybeans had the next greatest digestibility at 79.7 percent. HP DDG was next at 70.2 percent. Finally, DDGS (51.9 percent), corn germ (43.9 percent), and high-oil corn (41.4 percent) had the lowest true total tract digestibility.
Stein said the results of the research were in agreement with several previous experiments indicating that the energy value of some ingredients was less than would be expected based on their lipid content. "But now we have an explanation because we realize that pigs don't digest those lipids very well so it doesn't necessarily help that these products have higher concentrations of oil," he said.
"From a nutritional point of view, there would be a clear advantage if we could first extract the fat and then add it to the diet as corn oil rather than leave it in the ingredients. Whether such an approach would be economical would depend on the cost of extracting the oil from corn germ and other ingredients," Stein said.
###
The study, "In growing pigs, the true ileal and total tract digestibility of acid hydrolyzed ether extract in extracted corn oil is greater than in intact sources of corn oil or soybean oil," was published in the Journal of Animal Science and is available at http://www.journalofanimalscience.org/content/91/2/755.full. Illinois graduates Beob Gyun Kim of Konkuk University and Dong Yong Kil of Chung-Ang University in Korea were co-authors of the study.
Fat digestibility in pigs study looks at oils in soybeans, corn co-products
2013-07-30
ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:
'Cowcatcher' enzyme fixes single-strand DNA
2013-07-30
Every time one of your cells divides, it exposes its most essential component to great danger: its genome, the sum total of all its genetic information, embodied in the double-stranded helix of DNA. Prior to cell division, this DNA splits into two single strands, each bearing sequences of biochemical bases that form templates for the genomes of the daughter cells. These single strands are particularly vulnerable to assaults by reactive oxygen species — toxic byproducts of respiration — that could cause changes in the genetic information they contain.
Left unchecked, ...
How does hydrogen metallize?
2013-07-30
Washington, D.C.— Hydrogen is deceptively simple. It has only a single electron per atom, but it powers the sun and forms the majority of the observed universe. As such, it is naturally exposed to the entire range of pressures and temperatures available in the whole cosmos. But researchers are still struggling to understand even basic aspects of its various forms under high-pressure conditions.
Experimental difficulties contribute to the lack of knowledge about hydrogen's forms. The containment of hydrogen at high pressures and the competition between its many similar ...
Aberrant splicing saps the strength of 'slow' muscle fibers
2013-07-30
HOUSTON (July 29, 3013) – When you sprint, the "fast" muscle fibers give you that winning kick. In a marathon or just day-to-day activity, however, the "slow," or type 1 fibers, keep you going for hours.
In people with myotonic dystrophy, the second most common form of muscular dystrophy and the one most likely to occur in adults, these slow or type 1 fibers do not work well, wasting away as the genetic disorder takes its grim toll. In a report that appears online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Thomas A. Cooper, professor of pathology & immunology ...
Decision aids reduce men's conflict about PSA screening, but don't change their decisions
2013-07-30
WASHINGTON – Men who decide to be screened for prostate cancer and those who forgo PSA screening stick with their decisions after receiving materials explaining the risks and benefits of the test. The decision aids greatly increased their knowledge about screening and reduced their conflict about what to do, but did not have an impact on their screening decision when measured a year later.
That's the finding of a new study published today in JAMA Internal Medicine that examined both web-based and printed tools aimed at helping men make informed decisions about PSA testing.
In ...
Playing college football linked with high blood pressure risk
2013-07-30
College football players, especially linemen, may develop high blood pressure over the course of their first season, according to a small study in the American Heart Association's journal Circulation.
Researchers documented higher blood pressure levels among 113 first-year college players. Only one player had already been diagnosed with hypertension before the season and 27 percent had a family history of hypertension. At post-season, researchers noted:
47 percent of players were considered pre-hypertensive, while
14 percent had stage 1 hypertension.
While previous ...
Treatment for back pain varies despite published clinical guidelines
2013-07-30
Management of back pain appears to be variable, despite numerous published clinical guidelines, according to a report published by JAMA Internal Medicine, a JAMA Network publication.
Spinal symptoms are among the most common reasons patients visit a physician and more than 10 percent of visits to primary care physicians relate to back and neck pain, the authors write in the study background.
John N. Mafi, M.D., of Harvard Medical School, Boston, and colleagues used nationally representative data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital ...
Adolescent kidney transplant recipients appear to be at higher risk of transplant failure
2013-07-30
Patients who received their first kidney transplant at ages 14 to 16 years appear to be at increased risk for transplant failure, with black adolescents having a disproportionately higher risk of graft failure, according to a report published by JAMA Internal Medicine, a JAMA Network publication.
Existing medical literature does not adequately describe the risks of graft failure among kidney transplant recipients by age. Organ losses by adolescents are partly due to physiologic or immunologic changes with age but psychological and sociological factors play a role, especially ...
Decision aids associated with increase in informed decision making about prostate cancer screening
2013-07-30
Both web-based and print-based decision aids appear to improve patients' informed decision making about prostate cancer screening up to 13 months later, but does not appear to affect actual screening rates, according to a study by Kathryn L. Taylor, Ph.D., of Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and colleagues.
A total of 1,893 men participated in the study, with 628 men randomly given a print-decision aid, 625 men used a web-based interactive decision aid, and 626 men received usual care. Researchers measured the participants' prostate cancer knowledge, decisional ...
Breastfeeding duration appears associated with intelligence later in life
2013-07-30
Breastfeeding longer is associated with better receptive language at 3 years of age and verbal and nonverbal intelligence at age 7 years, according to a study published by JAMA Pediatrics, a JAMA Network publication.
Evidence supports the relationship between breastfeeding and health benefits in infancy, but the extent to which breastfeeding leads to better cognitive development is less certain, according to the study background.
Mandy B. Belfort, M.D., M.P.H., of Boston Children's Hospital, and colleagues examined the relationships of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity ...
Glucose intolerance, diabetes or insulin resistance not linked with pathological features of AD
2013-07-30
Glucose intolerance or insulin resistance do not appear to be associated with pathological features of Alzheimer disease (AD) or detection of the accumulation of the brain protein β-amyloid (Αβ), according to a report published by JAMA Neurology, a JAMA Network publication.
Glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus have been proposed as risk factors for the development of AD, but evidence of this has not been consistent, the study background notes.
Madhav Thambisetty, M.D., Ph.D., of the National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, and colleagues investigated ...