Tufts researchers identify potential topical treatment for macular degeneration

New study reports successful use in mice; implications for both forms of AMD

2013-10-10

(Press-News.org) BOSTON (Wednesday, October 9, 2013, 5:00 pm ET) — Researchers from Tufts University School of Medicine and the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences have identified a possible topical treatment for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a study of mice that shows promise for clinical use. The research findings, published today in PLOS ONE, are the first to report successful topical use of a compound capable of inhibiting symptoms associated with both dry AMD (the earlier form) and wet AMD (the rarer, later form) and could represent a breakthrough for treatment of these conditions. AMD is among the leading causes of blindness among the elderly. Currently, there is no treatment for dry AMD, and wet AMD can only be treated with regular injections into the eye.

The team of researchers from Tufts, led by Rajendra Kumar-Singh, Ph.D., reported in their "proof of concept" study that topical application of pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid, a compound called PPADS, inhibits damage to the tissues in the eye that impacts the individual's ability to see color and fine detail, as well as reduces the growth of extraneous blood vessels in the back of the eye related to advanced AMD.

According to the National Eye Institute, more than 7 million people in the United States are at substantial risk of developing AMD. Factors that contribute to the development of AMD include age, diet, smoking, and genetic predisposition. Dry AMD is the more common and less serious stage of AMD, characterized by the slow loss or blurring of central vision in spots. Wet AMD, which almost always begins as dry AMD and only occurs in approximately 10% of AMD patients, is more advanced and characterized by the development of blood vessels in the back of the eye that often leak and damage the surrounding tissues. Only the wet form of AMD can be treated, with an ophthalmologist administering injections every four to 12 weeks that can be uncomfortable, risky, and burdensome to patients. The development of a topical eye-drop treatment that works in both dry and wet AMD could increase treatment adherence and reduce patient discomfort by reducing or removing the need for direct injections.

"An ideal therapy would be one that can be self-administered daily by patients. Further studies are needed to determine safety, dosage, and other factors before advancement of this therapy towards clinical trials, but our study suggests that there's significant promise for the development of self-administered topical treatments for age-related macular degeneration in humans," said senior author Rajendra Kumar-Singh, Ph. D., associate professor of ophthalmology at Tufts University School of Medicine and member of the cell, molecular and developmental biology, genetics, and neuroscience graduate programs the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts.

To test the effectiveness of a topical application of PPADS, the team of researchers induced the tissue damage and blood vessel growth characteristics of AMD in anesthetized mice. The topical treatment was then administered every 24 hours for three consecutive days. The researchers then examined the eye tissues one week later to assess for progression of the damage and blood vessel growth.

"Our study found that topical application of the PPADS compound works on two fronts. First, it stops the damage to eyes caused by pores formed in the membrane that leads to cell death within the eye by stopping an immune system process known as complement that is responsible for dry AMD. Second, it prevents the formation of the blood vessels that can leak and damage the eye, a process associated with wet AMD" explained first author Kerstin Birke Ph.D., a postdoctoral scholar in the Kumar-Singh lab at Tufts.

### Additional authors of the paper are Erion Lipo, B.A., research assistant in the Kumar-Singh laboratory, and Marco T. Birke, Ph.D., postdoctoral scholar in the Kumar-Singh laboratory.

Research reported in this publication was supported by The Ellison Foundation and the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers 1R01EY021805 and 5R01EY013837.

Birke K, Lipo E, Birke MT, Kumar-Singh R (2013) Topical Application of PPADS Inhibits Complement Activation and Choroidal Neovascularization in a Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. PLoS ONE 8(10): e76766. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076766. Available online at: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076766.

About Tufts University School of Medicine and the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences Tufts University School of Medicine and the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts University are international leaders in innovative medical education and advanced research. The School of Medicine and the Sackler School are renowned for excellence in education in general medicine, biomedical sciences, special combined degree programs in business, health management, public health, bioengineering and international relations, as well as basic and clinical research at the cellular and molecular level. Ranked among the top in the nation, the School of Medicine is affiliated with six major teaching hospitals and more than 30 health care facilities. Tufts University School of Medicine and the Sackler School undertake research that is consistently rated among the highest in the nation for its effect on the advancement of medical science.

If you are a member of the media interested in learning more about this topic, or speaking with a faculty member at Tufts University School of Medicine or another Tufts health sciences researcher, please contact Siobhan Gallagher at 617-636-6586 or Andrea Grossman at 617-636-3728.

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