Quieting rail transit

(Press-News.org) Contact information: Jennifer Lauren Lee
jlee@aip.org
301-209-3099
American Institute of Physics
Quieting rail transit New devices may cut wheel squeal in public rail systems but do little to reduce rolling noise, research says SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 27, 2013 – Vibration absorbers are devices used to damp vibration in everything from engines to buildings. When attached to the wheels or the tracks of rail transit systems, they may reduce the noise from trains, bringing more peace and quiet to passengers and those who work or live near the tracks. In tests of two major metropolitan public rail systems, researchers say that vibration absorbers have a modest effect if any on wheel or rail rolling noise, but they may be effective in reducing wheel squeal.

The findings will be presented at the 166th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), to be held Dec. 2-6, 2013, in San Francisco, Calif.

The vibration-absorbing devices tested consist of a mass connected to a spring or elastomer, which allows the mass to oscillate back and forth to absorb the energy of vibrations. Rail vibration absorbers are attached directly to the rail. Wheel vibration absorbers tend to be smaller, and several of them are typically placed around the wheels.

Although they have been used in Europe—and have been reported to be effective – they are rare in the U.S., said Jim Nelson of Wilson, Ihrig and Associates, a consulting firm that specializes in issues with acoustics, noise, and vibrations. "My experience is that they have not reduced rolling noise during our tests," said Nelson, who will present some of his team's findings at the conference.

As part of the federally funded Transit Cooperation Research Program, Nelson and his colleagues tested the use of rail and wheel vibration absorbers at the Portland Tri-Met, the light rail transportation system in the Portland area. Researchers also tested wheel vibration absorbers on a heavy rail system. Although the vibration absorbers changed the character of the sound, they did not reduce the rolling noise of the trains at either system, Nelson said. But, he added, it's still too early to draw definitive conclusions.

"I think further testing would be useful," Nelson said. "Vibration absorbers may in fact be quite effective under the right circumstances." For example, tests by various researchers in Europe and tests by Wilson, Ihrig & Associates at the Portland Tri-Met and New Jersey Transit suggest that wheel vibration absorbers can and do control wheel squeal, the high-pitched noise due to the friction between the wheel and rail while the train rounds a curve. Rail vibration absorbers might be able to help control rail corrugation, wave-like wear patterns that form on the rails, which create a rough surface that makes noise when a train runs over it. A reduction of rail corrugation rates would be beneficial in reducing rail grinding costs and would improve rail life. However, rail corrugation rate reduction with rail vibration absorbers has not been proven.

### Presentation 3aSAa1, "Noise reduction performance of wheel vibration absorbers," will take place on Wednesday, Dec. 4, 2013, at 8:05 a.m. PST. The abstract describing this work can be found here: http://asa2013.abstractcentral.com/planner.jsp.

ABOUT THE MEETING The 166th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), to be held Dec. 2-6, 2013, at the Hilton San Francisco Union Square, will feature more than 1,100 presentations on sound and its applications in physics, engineering, and medicine. The meeting program can be accessed at: http://asa2013.abstractcentral.com/planner.jsp.

OTHER USEFUL LINKS Main meeting website: http://acousticalsociety.org/meetings/san_francisco Hotel site: http://www.sanfrancisco.hilton.com ASA World Wide Press Room: http://www.acoustics.org/press

WORLD WIDE PRESS ROOM ASA's World Wide Press Room will feature dozens of newsworthy stories through lay-language papers, which are 300-1200 word summaries of presentations written by scientists for a general audience and accompanied by photos, audio, and video.

PRESS REGISTRATION We will grant free registration to credentialed journalists and professional freelance journalists. If you are a reporter and would like to attend, contact Jason Bardi (jbardi@aip.org, 240-535-4954), who can also help with setting up interviews and obtaining images, sound clips, or background information.

LIVE MEDIA WEBCAST A press briefing featuring a selection of newsworthy research will be webcast live from the conference. Date and time to be announced. To register, visit http://www.aipwebcasting.com.

ABOUT THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is the premier international scientific society in acoustics devoted to the science and technology of sound. Its 7,000 members worldwide represent a broad spectrum of the study of acoustics. ASA publications include The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (the world's leading journal on acoustics), Acoustics Today magazine, ECHOES newsletter, books, and standards on acoustics. The society also holds two major scientific meetings each year. For more information about ASA, visit our website at http://www.acousticalsociety.org.

This news release was prepared for the Acoustical Society of America (ASA) by the American Institute of Physics (AIP).