1 in, 1 out: Oxford study shows how people put a limit on their social networks

(Press-News.org) Contact information: Josie Powell
pressoffice@sbs.ox.ac.uk
44-018-652-88403
University of Oxford
1 in, 1 out: Oxford study shows how people put a limit on their social networks A new study shows that people put most effort into communicating with small numbers of close friends or family, operating unconscious 1-in, 1-out policies so that communication patterns remain the same even when friendships change Despite the way that mobile technologies and social networking sites have made it easier to stay in touch with large numbers of acquaintances, a new study has shown that people still put most of their efforts into communicating with small numbers of close friends or family, often operating unconscious one-in, one-out policies so that communication patterns remain the same even when friendships change. "Although social communication is now easier than ever, it seems that our capacity for maintaining emotionally close relationships is finite," said Felix Reed-Tsochas, James Martin Lecturer in Complex Systems at Saïd Business School, University of Oxford. "While this number varies from person to person, what holds true in all cases is that at any point individuals are able to keep up close relationships with only a small number of people, so that new friendships come at the expense of 'relegating' existing friends." The research, 'The persistence of social signatures in human communication' was conducted by an international team that included Felix Reed-Tsochas and Robin Dunbar from the University of Oxford and academics from the University of Chester in the UK, and the University of Aalto, Finland and is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Online Early Edition (PNAS). It combined survey data and detailed data from mobile phone call records that were used to track changes in the communication networks of 24 students in the UK over 18 months as they made the transition from school to university or work. At the beginning of the study, researchers "ranked" members of each participant's social network (friends and family) according to emotional closeness. They discovered that, in all cases, a small number of top-ranked, emotionally close people received a disproportionately large fraction of calls. Within this general pattern, however, there was clear individual-level variation. Each participant had a characteristic "social signature" that depicted their particular way of allocating communication across the members of their social network. The researchers discovered that, even though participants' relationships changed and they made new friends during the intense transition period between school and university or work, individual social signatures remained stable. Participants continued to make the same number of calls to people according to how they ranked for emotional closeness, although the actual people in their social networks and/or their rankings changed over time. "As new network members are added, some old network members are either replaced or receive fewer calls," confirmed Robin Dunbar, Professor of Evolutionary Psychology at the University of Oxford. "This is probably due to a combination of limited time available for communication and the great cognitive and emotional effort required to sustain close relationships. It seems that individuals' patterns of communication are so prescribed that even the efficiencies provided by some forms of digital communication (in this case, mobile phones) are insufficient to alter them." ### For more information or to speak with Felix Reed-Tsochas please contact the press office: Clare Fisher, Head of Public Relations
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Josie Powell, Press Officer
Mobile +44 (0)7711 387215, Tel: +44 (0) 1865 288403
Email: josie.powell@sbs.ox.ac.uk or pressoffice@sbs.ox.ac.uk

Notes to editors

About the paper "The persistence of social signatures in human communication" is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) About Felix Reed-Tsochas About Saïd Business School Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford blends the best of new and old. We are a vibrant and innovative business school, but yet deeply embedded in an 800 year old world-class university. We create programmes and ideas that have global impact. We educate people for successful business careers, and as a community seek to tackle world-scale problems. We deliver cutting-edge programmes and ground-breaking research that transform individuals, organisations, business practice, and society. We seek to be a world-class business school community, embedded in a world-class University, tackling world-scale problems.

In the Financial Times European Business School ranking (Dec 2013) Saïd is ranked 12th. It is ranked 13th worldwide in the FT's combined ranking of Executive Education programmes (May 2013) and 24th in the world in the FT ranking of MBA programmes (Jan 2013). The MBA is ranked 5th in Businessweek's full time MBA ranking outside the USA (Nov 2012) and is ranked 5th among the top non-US Business Schools by Forbes magazine (Sep 2013). The Executive MBA is ranked 23rd worldwide in the FT's ranking of EMBAs (Oct 2013). The Oxford MSc in Financial Economics is ranked 6th in the world in the FT ranking of Masters in Finance programmes (Jun 2013). In the UK university league tables it is ranked first of all UK universities for undergraduate business and management in The Guardian (Jun 2013) and has ranked first in nine of the last ten years in The Times (Sept 2013). For more information, see http://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/