(Press-News.org) SAN DIEGO (March 15, 2015) -- Two-year data show a continued survival advantage for self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) over standard surgery in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, according to research presented at the American College of Cardiology's 64th Annual Scientific Session.
Aortic stenosis--a problem that occurs when the valve in the heart's main artery doesn't open fully--forces the heart to work harder to pump blood and is life-threatening over time. Valve replacement is common when this condition becomes severe, but the health profile of many patients makes standard surgical valve replacement especially risky.
In the CoreValve U.S. Pivotal High Risk Trial, patients with a heightened risk of death from open-heart valve replacement were randomly assigned to TAVR or the standard surgical procedure. Death rates at one year were significantly lower for the 390 TAVR patients than for the 357 patients who had open-heart surgery. Year two data include three more patients, two of whom received a smaller second-generation CoreValve that wasn't available earlier.
"Survival is statistically better with TAVR and sustained at two years," said Michael J. Reardon, M.D., professor and Allison Family Chair of Cardiovascular Research at Houston Methodist Hospital and the study's lead author. "We found that the survival advantage actually increases for TAVR--that the absolute difference in all-cause death rates between the two groups has widened, with 4.8 percent more people surviving with TAVR than surgery at one year and 6.4 percent more surviving with TAVR at two years."
The self-expanding device also had significantly lower rates for other endpoints. The rate of strokes was 10.9 percent for TAVR patients and 16.6 percent for surgery patients, and 29.7 percent of TAVR patients had a major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event compared with 38.6 percent of surgery patients. Results favored TAVR across all subgroups analyzed.
"Durability is an issue, and we saw no evidence of TAVR valve deterioration," Reardon said. "Effective valve orifice and mean pressure gradients [measures of valve quality] were statistically superior with TAVR at every time point during the trial."
Leaking around the new valve is one area where surgery consistently performs better than TAVR in clinical trials.
"Moderate to severe paravalvular leakage with TAVR was low at one year at 6 percent and stayed low at two years at 6.1 percent," Reardon said, noting that, unlike some other TAVR studies, leaks haven't had an impact on mortality with this valve. "We had very few cases of moderate or more leaks, and this may be why we don't see a mortality signal with leakage."
With these latest findings, Reardon sees reason to revisit current guidelines.
"This trial moves the field forward in that ACC/AHA guidelines state that TAVR is a reasonable alternative to surgical valve replacement in high-risk patients, as judged appropriate by the heart team," he said. "This trial's data suggest that TAVR with the self-expanding valve should be the preferred treatment in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis at increased risk from surgery."
Acknowledging that these are early findings, he said that longer follow-up is needed to confirm that this valve continues to demonstrate benefits over surgery. The CoreValve High Risk trial will follow patients for five years.
INFORMATION:
This clinical trial was funded by Medtronic, Inc. Reardon serves on Medtronic's advisory board but receives no personal funding from the company.
The ACC's Annual Scientific Session brings together cardiologists and cardiovascular specialists from around the world each year to share the newest discoveries in treatment and prevention. Follow @ACCMediaCenter and #ACC15 for the latest news from the meeting.
The American College of Cardiology is a 49,000-member medical society that is the professional home for the entire cardiovascular care team. The mission of the College is to transform cardiovascular care and to improve heart health. The ACC leads in the formation of health policy, standards and guidelines. The College operates national registries to measure and improve care, provides professional medical education, disseminates cardiovascular research and bestows credentials upon cardiovascular specialists who meet stringent qualifications. For more information, visit acc.org.
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