PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

Researchers use light to beat amnesia in mice

Researchers use light to beat amnesia in mice
2015-05-28
(Press-News.org) This news release is available in Japanese.

Memories that have been destabilized and forgotten by mice can nevertheless be retrieved by activating memory engrams, or specific patterns of neurons that fire when memories are encoded, with light, researchers say. These findings provide fresh insight into memory consolidation, or the process by which new, unstable memories transform into stable, long-term memories. Until now, researchers have wondered whether memory consolidation was dependent upon the stabilization of these memory engrams. But Tomás Ryan and colleagues show that this is not the case in mice with retrograde amnesia. The researchers first studied hippocampal neurons of healthy mice during a fear-conditioning exercise, observing that engram cells had stronger synapses and denser dendritic spines than non-engram cells. They tagged those engram cells with a light-sensitive protein and then injected some of their mice with a protein synthesis inhibitor known as anisomycin (ANI) 24 hours later. The ANI prevented the increase of the synaptic strength and dendritic spine density of the rodents' engram cells, causing the injected mice to forget the fear-conditioning they had experienced the day before. Surprisingly, Ryan and his team were able to use light to overcome this retrograde amnesia, restoring the rodents' fearful memories by activating the engram cells that had been tagged with the light-sensitive protein during fear-conditioning. Taken together, these findings suggest that engram cells are needed for encoding memories, and that the strengthened synapses in such cells play a critical role in the memory retrieval process. The researchers' optogenetic approach for studying memory consolidation might also be applicable to other experimental and clinical cases of amnesia, such as Alzheimer's disease, they say.

INFORMATION:

Article #12: "Engram cells retain memory under retrograde amnesia," by T.J. Ryan; D.S. Roy; M. Pignatelli; A. Arons; S. Tonegawa at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA; T.J. Ryan; D.S. Roy; M. Pignatelli; A. Arons; S. Tonegawa at RIKEN in Cambridge, MA; T.J. Ryan; A. Arons; S. Tonegawa at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Cambridge, MA.


[Attachments] See images for this press release:
Researchers use light to beat amnesia in mice Researchers use light to beat amnesia in mice 2

ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Northern ice caused southern rain during last ice age

2015-05-28
This news release is available in Japanese. Armadas of icebergs that broke off the Greenland ice sheet into the northern Atlantic Ocean during the Last Glacial Period -- between about 110,000 and 12,000 years ago -- often increased methane production in the tropics, according to a new study. These findings illustrate how high-latitude events can influence tropical climate conditions, and they hint at the underlying mechanisms of abrupt climate changes. Such massive discharges of icebergs into the Atlantic are known as Heinrich Events, and researchers have wondered for ...

HIV's sweet tooth is its downfall

2015-05-28
CHICAGO --- HIV has a voracious sweet tooth, which turns out to be its Achilles' heel, reports a new study from Northwestern Medicine and Vanderbilt University. After the virus invades an activated immune cell, it craves sugar and nutrients from the cell to replicate and fuel its wild growth throughout the body. Scientists discovered the switch that turns on the immune cell's abundant sugar and nutrient pipeline. Then they blocked the switch with an experimental compound, shutting down the pipeline, and, thereby, starving HIV to death. The virus was unable to replicate ...

New findings shed light on complexities of emerging zoonotic malaria

2015-05-28
Zoonotic malaria has been shown to be caused by two genetically distinct Plasmodium knowlesi parasite subpopulations associated with different monkey host species in Malaysia, according to new research published in PLOS Pathogens. The authors believe this could have important implications for how the parasite adapts and spreads in humans. Plasmodium knowlesi is a zoonotic malaria parasite which is common in forest-dwelling macaques. In recent years, increasing numbers of cases of knowlesi malaria have been reported in humans. The disease is now the most common form of ...

Wild chimps teach Stanford scientists about gene that encodes HIV-fighting protein

2015-05-28
Different people can vary substantially in their genetic susceptibility to viruses, including HIV. Although the biology that underlies this variation in humans is still being uncovered, it seems that we may be able to learn some key lessons from our closest cousins. A gene variant in chimpanzees in a Tanzanian wildlife preserve probably protects them from rapidly succumbing to the primate equivalent of HIV, Stanford University School of Medicine scientists report in the open access journal PLOS Biology, publishing May 28. The wild chimps inhabit Gombe Stream National ...

Unlearning implicit social biases during sleep

2015-05-28
EVANSTON, Ill. --- Can we learn to rid ourselves of our implicit biases regarding race and gender? A new Northwestern University study indicates that sleep may hold an important key to success in such efforts. Building on prior research, the Northwestern investigators aimed to find out whether learning to alter habitual reactions to other people could be enhanced during sleep. Other researchers have documented many unsavory consequences of common social biases. When playing a videogame with instructions to shoot only people carrying weapons, players were more likely ...

New study shows influence on climate of fresh water during last ice age

New study shows influence on climate of fresh water during last ice age
2015-05-28
CORVALLIS, Ore. - A new study shows how huge influxes of fresh water into the North Atlantic Ocean from icebergs calving off North America during the last ice age had an unexpected effect - they increased the production of methane in the tropical wetlands. Usually increases in methane levels are linked to warming in the Northern Hemisphere, but scientists who are publishing their findings this week in the journal Science have identified rapid increases in methane during particularly cold intervals. These findings are important, researchers say, because they identify ...

ASCO: MEDI4736 combined with tremelimumab results in acceptable toxicity in NSCLC patients

2015-05-28
TAMPA, Fla. - Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have few effective treatment options and low 5-year survival rates. The checkpoint inhibitors MEDI4736 and tremelimumab have both demonstrated acceptable safety and potential efficacy when used as single-agents in several different types of cancer. Scott J. Antonia, M.D., Ph.D., chair of the Thoracic Oncology Department at Moffitt Cancer Center will be presenting data from a phase 1b dose-escalation and expansion study of MEDI4736 combined with tremelimumab at the 2015 American Society of Clinical Oncology ...

ASCO: Component in green tea may help reduce prostate cancer in men at high risk

2015-05-28
TAMPA, Fla. - Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in men and is predicted to result in an estimated 220,00 cases in the United States in 2015. In recent years, an emphasis has been placed on chemoprevention - the use of agents to prevent the development or progression of prostate cancer. A team of researchers led by Nagi B. Kumar, Ph.D., R.D., F.A.D.A. at Moffitt Cancer Center recently published results of a randomized trial that assessed the safety and effectiveness of the active components in green tea to prevent prostate cancer development in men ...

ASCO: JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib has promising efficacy in CMML patients

2015-05-28
TAMPA, Fla. - Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare type of myelodysplastic, myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by increased numbers of peripheral monocytes and less than 20 percent blasts. CMML has few treatment options and patients only survive on average for 12 to 24 months. Preclinical studies suggest that JAK2 inhibitors may be an effective treatment option for CMML. Eric Padron, M.D., assistant member of the Malignant Hematology Program at Moffitt Cancer Center will report on the first phase 1 study of the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in CMML patients ...

ASCO: Nivolumab treatment in melanoma patients has manageable safety profile

2015-05-28
TAMPA, Fla. - The monoclonal antibody nivolumab has shown promise as a therapeutic agent, particularly by improving the survival rates of melanoma patients. Jeffrey S. Weber, M.D., Ph.D., director of the Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center at Moffitt Cancer Center will be presenting data from a retrospective analysis of the safety of nivolumab in 4 ongoing phase I-III studies in melanoma patients at the 2015 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting in Chicago. Nivolumab targets a protein called the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor. The ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

Cercus electric stimulation enables cockroach with trajectory control and spatial cognition training

Day-long conference addresses difficult to diagnose lung disease

First-ever cardiogenic shock academy features simulation lab

Thirty-year mystery of dissonance in the “ringing” of black holes explained

Less intensive works best for agricultural soil

Arctic rivers project receives “national champion” designation from frontiers foundation

Computational biology paves the way for new ALS tests

Study offers new hope for babies born with opioid withdrawal syndrome

UT, Volkswagen Group of America celebrate research partnership

New Medicare program could dramatically improve affordability for cancer drugs – if patients enroll

Are ‘zombie’ skin cells harmful or helpful? The answer may be in their shapes

University of Cincinnati Cancer Center presents research at AACR 2025

Head and neck, breast, lung and survivorship studies headline Dana-Farber research at AACR Annual Meeting 2025

AACR: Researchers share promising results from MD Anderson clinical trials

New research explains why our waistlines expand in middle age

Advancements in muon detection: Taishan Antineutrino Observatory's innovative top veto tracker

Chips off the old block

Microvascular decompression combined with nerve combing for atypical trigeminal neuralgia

Cutting the complexity from digital carpentry

Lung immune cell type “quietly” controls inflammation in COVID-19

Fiscal impact of expanded Medicare coverage for GLP-1 receptor agonists to treat obesity

State and sociodemographic trends in US cigarette smoking with future projections

Young adults drive historic decline in smoking

NFCR congratulates Dr. Robert C. Bast, Jr. on receiving the AACR-Daniel D. Von Hoff Award for Outstanding Contributions to Education and Training in Cancer Research

Chimpanzee stem cells offer new insights into early embryonic development

This injected protein-like polymer helps tissues heal after a heart attack

FlexTech inaugural issue launches, pioneering interdisciplinary innovation in flexible technology

In Down syndrome mice, 40Hz light and sound improve cognition, neurogenesis, connectivity

Methyl eugenol: potential to inhibit oxidative stress, address related diseases, and its toxicological effects

A vascularized multilayer chip reveals shear stress-induced angiogenesis in diverse fluid conditions

[Press-News.org] Researchers use light to beat amnesia in mice