(Press-News.org) SAN ANTONIO, Texas, U.S.A. (Dec. 13, 2010) — Scientists at the UT Health Science Center San Antonio restored learning and memory in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model by increasing a protein called CBP. Salvatore Oddo, Ph.D., of the university's Department of Physiology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, said this is the first proof that boosting CBP, which triggers the production of other proteins essential to creating memories, can reverse Alzheimer's effects.
The finding, reported this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, provides a novel therapeutic target for development of Alzheimer's medications, Dr. Oddo said. Alzheimer's and other dementias currently impair 5.3 million Americans, including more than 340,000 Texans.
Alzheimer's pathology
In patients with Alzheimer's disease, accumulation of a protein called amyloid-β (Aβ) blocks memory formation by destroying synapses, the sites where neurons share information. Autopsies of the brains of some Alzheimer's patients also reveal tangles caused by a protein called tau.
Enhancing CBP does not alter the Aβ or tau physiology but operates on a different recovery mechanism: It restores activity of a protein called CREB and increases levels of another protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
Enhancing signals
"One way by which CBP could work is by setting off a domino effect among proteins that carry signals from the synapse to the nucleus of the neuron," Dr. Oddo said. "Getting signals to the nucleus is necessary for long-term memory."
A viral vehicle
The research team engineered a harmless virus to deliver CBP to the hippocampus in the temporal lobe. The hippocampus is the brain's key structure for learning and memory. At 6 months of age, when the CBP delivery took place, the specially bred mice were at the onset of Alzheimer's-like deficits. Learning and memory were evaluated in a water maze that required mice to remember the location of an exit platform. The mice treated with CBP were compared to diseased mice that received only placebo and to normal, healthy control mice.
Identical to healthy mice
Efficiency in escaping the maze served as signs of learning and memory. In the Alzheimer's mouse model, performance of the Alzheimer's mice treated with enhanced CBP was identical to the healthy mice, whereas the placebo-treated Alzheimer's mice lagged far behind.
INFORMATION:
Acknowledgments
A grant from the U.S. National Institute on Aging supported the study. Co-authors are Antonella Caccamo (first author), Monica Maldonado, Alex Bokov, Smita Majumder and Salvatore Oddo (senior author). All are from the UT Health Science Center San Antonio Department of Physiology except Dr. Bokov, who is in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. All are Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies members.
News on Twitter, Web
For current news from the UT Health Science Center San Antonio, please visit our news release website or follow us on Twitter @uthscsa.
About the UT Health Science Center San Antonio
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, one of the country's leading health sciences universities, ranks in the top 3 percent of all institutions worldwide receiving National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding. Research and other sponsored program activity totaled a record $259 million in fiscal year 2009. The university's schools of medicine, nursing, dentistry, health professions and graduate biomedical sciences have produced approximately 26,000 graduates. The $744 million operating budget supports eight campuses in San Antonio, Laredo, Harlingen and Edinburg. For more information on the many ways "We make lives better®," visit www.uthscsa.edu.
Protein restores learning, memory in Alzheimer's mouse model
Research at UT Health Science Center San Antonio suggests novel therapy target
2010-12-14
ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:
Quantifying fragmentation of medical information
2010-12-14
Boston, Mass. – It's widely recognized that fragmentation of medical information is a problem in health care, but the extent of the problem and how many patients may be at risk haven't been well quantified. In a new retrospective study, researchers at Children's Hospital Boston looked at adult acute care in Massachusetts and found that of 3.6 million adults visiting an acute care site during a five-year period, almost a third sought care at two or more different hospitals. These patients accounted for more than half of all acute care visits in the state, as well as more ...
A benefit of flu: protection from asthma?
2010-12-14
The number of people with asthma has increased sharply over the past few decades. It has been suggested that this is a result of decreased childhood exposure to microorganisms. A team of researchers — led by Dale Umetsu, at Harvard Medical School, Boston; Michio Shimamura, at the University of Tsukuba, Japan; and Petr Illarionov, at the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom — has now provided concrete evidence in mice to support this idea and identified an underlying mechanism to explain this protection, which the team hope could be exploited to develop ways to prevent ...
New approaches needed for treating chronic myeloid leukemia
2010-12-14
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was transformed from a fatal disease to a chronic condition by the development of a drug known as imatinib, which targets the protein that drives this disease (BCR-ABL). However, imatinib does not cure patients, they must take the drug lifelong, as disease recurs if they stop taking it. This is because imatinib does not kill all the CML cells; some, which are known as CML stem cells, persist. A key to therapeutically targeting CML stem cells is knowing whether they rely on BCR-ABL to persist. Answers to this will determine whether more effective ...
JCI online early table of contents: Dec. 13, 2010
2010-12-14
EDITOR'S PICK: A benefit of 'flu: protection from asthma?
The number of people with asthma has increased sharply over the past few decades. It has been suggested that this is a result of decreased childhood exposure to microorganisms. A team of researchers — led by Dale Umetsu, at Harvard Medical School, Boston; Michio Shimamura, at the University of Tsukuba, Japan; and Petr Illarionov, at the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom — has now provided concrete evidence in mice to support this idea and identified an underlying mechanism to explain this protection, which ...
Soda taxes: Weight loss benefit linked to household income
2010-12-14
DURHAM, N.C. – Imposing higher taxes on sodas and other sweetened drinks may generate a lot of money – but would lead to only minimal weight loss among most people and would have no effect on weight among consumers in the highest and lowest income groups, according to new research from Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School.
The study, led by Eric Finkelstein, PhD, associate professor of health services at Duke-NUS, looked at the differential impact on calories and weight of a 20 percent and 40 percent tax on sodas and other sweetened beverages ...
Scientists unravel more details of plant cell-wall construction
2010-12-14
UPTON, NY - One big challenge in converting plants to biofuels is that the very same molecules that keep plants standing up make it hard to break them down. Now scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory are unraveling details of how plant cells' structural supports - their cell walls - are made, with the hope of finding ways to change their composition for more efficient biofuel production.
In a paper to be published the week of December 13, 2010, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers describe ...
Ovarian cancer clue: Methylation-mediated suppression of a key pathway is found
2010-12-14
December 14, 2010 – Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological cancers. To better understand the disease and improve therapies, researchers are investigating how deregulation of genes across the genome could be contributing to malignancy. In a study published online today in Genome Research (www.genome.org), scientists have identified age-related gene-specific accumulation of DNA methylation that suppresses a critical cellular pathway contributing to ovarian carcinogenesis, information that will be crucial for future translational research.
Epigenetic ...
Hot with decades of drought: Expectations for the Southwest
2010-12-14
An unprecedented combination of heat plus decades of drought could be in store for the Southwest sometime this century, suggests new research from a University of Arizona-led team.
To come to this conclusion, the team reviewed previous studies that document the region's past temperatures and droughts.
"Major 20th century droughts pale in comparison to droughts documented in paleoclimatic records over the past two millennia," the researchers wrote. During the Medieval period, elevated temperatures coincided with lengthy and widespread droughts.
By figuring out when ...
Over long haul, money doesn’t buy happiness: 'Easterlin Paradox' revisited
2010-12-14
LOS ANGELES, Calif. — December 9, 2010 — A new collaborative paper by economist Richard Easterlin — namesake of the "Easterlin Paradox" and founder of the field of happiness studies — offers the broadest range of evidence to date demonstrating that a higher rate of economic growth does not result in a greater increase of happiness.
Across a worldwide sample of 37 countries, rich and poor, ex-Communist and capitalist, Easterlin and his co-authors shows strikingly consistent results: over the long term, a sense of well-being within a country does not go up with income.
In ...
Opioid use associated with increased risk of adverse events among older adults
2010-12-14
Opioids appear to be associated with more adverse events among older adults with arthritis than other commonly used analgesics, including coxibs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, according to a report in the December 13/27 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. In a second report assessing only opioid use, different types of drugs within the class were associated with different safety events among older patients with non-malignant pain.
"In the United States, one in five adults received a prescription for an analgesic in 2006, ...
LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:
‘AI scientist’ suggests combinations of widely available non-cancer drugs can kill cancer cells
Phage therapy at a turning point: Global experts converge in Berlin to shape the future of antimicrobial medicine
Low calorie diets linked to heightened risk of depressive symptoms
Bronchiolitis, monoclonal antibody halves hospitalizations of children younger than six months old
Mum’s obesity linked to child’s heightened hospital admission risk for infection
Millions of new solar system objects to be found and ‘filmed in technicolor’ – studies predict
Pitt study has upended decades-old assumptions about brain plasticity
Hertz Foundation partners with Analog Devices to empower future leaders in analog, digital and software technology solutions
Would you hand over your health data if it meant better care?
Study examines how well wearable tech tracks fitness metrics
Dr. Nikolaos Koundouros wins 2025 Tri-Institutional Breakout Award
Low vs. High blood pressure avoidance in non-cardiac surgery: Neurocognitive outcomes unchanged
Telehealth can improve care for cats with chronic health issues
Researchers develop innovative model to study sense of smell
Birds may be drinking on the wing, but in moderation
Collaboration can unlock Australia’s energy transition without sacrificing natural capital
Study identifies proteins involved in the effectiveness of immunotherapy against blood cancer
Cannabis extract could treat fungal diseases
Pancreatic cancer spreads to liver or lung thanks to this protein
Eating an array of smaller fish could be nutrient-dense solution to overfishing
Han studying potential of next generation telepresence
Emory study finds molecular link between air pollution and pregnancy risks
Controlling bacteria with light: from tackling antibiotic resistance to “bacterial robots”
Johns Hopkins study shows how scientists can use black holes as supercolliders
Being incarcerated and living in areas where more have gone to jail is associated with higher death rates
New insights into long-term dysfunction of edited blood stem cells and how to overcome it
Severe maternal morbidity by race and ethnicity and birth mode
Individual- and area-level incarceration and mortality
New tool to generate aneuploidies and analyze their impact on development
SwRI-led research finds particles energized by magnetic reconnection in the nascent solar wind
[Press-News.org] Protein restores learning, memory in Alzheimer's mouse modelResearch at UT Health Science Center San Antonio suggests novel therapy target