PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

Researchers explore how children learn language

2021-07-02
(Press-News.org) Small children learn language at a pace far faster than teenagers or adults. One explanation for this learning advantage comes not from differences between children and adults, but from the differences in the way that people talk to children and adults.

For the first time, a team of researchers developed a method to experimentally evaluate how parents use what they know about their children's language when they talk to them. They found that parents have extremely precise models of their children's language knowledge, and use these models to tune the language they use when speaking to them. The results are available in an advance online publication of the journal of Psychological Science.

"We have known for years that parents talk to children differently than to other adults in a lot of ways, for example simplifying their speech, reduplicating words and stretching out vowel sounds," said END


ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Poorer survival in obese colorectal cancer patients possibly linked to lower chemotherapy doses

2021-07-02
Lugano, Switzerland, 2 July 2021 - Obese patients with colorectal cancer receive lower cumulative doses of adjuvant chemotherapy, relative to their body surface area (BSA), than non-obese patients, show results from a large meta-analysis reported at the ESMO World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer 2021 (1). Further findings showed that cumulative relative chemotherapy dose was associated with survival so may explain the poorer survival that has been seen in obese patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. (2) "Adjuvant chemotherapy ...

Bowel cancer data reinforce need to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use

2021-07-02
Lugano, Switzerland, 2 July 2021 - Doctors and patients are being advised to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use following new data suggesting that these medicines may increase the risk of cancer of the large intestine (colon), especially in people under 50 years. (1) The results, presented at the ESMO World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer (30 June-3 July) raise fresh concerns about the impact of the estimated 65% increase in global antibiotic consumption reported between 2000 and 2015, despite not showing a direct cause and effect. (2) "To our knowledge, ...

Microbes in cow stomachs can break down plastic

2021-07-02
Plastic is notoriously hard to break down, but researchers in Austria have found that bacteria from a cow's rumen - one of the four compartments of its stomach - can digest certain types of the ubiquitous material, representing a sustainable way to reduce plastic litter. The scientists suspected such bacteria might be useful since cow diets already contain natural plant polyesters. "A huge microbial community lives in the rumen reticulum and is responsible for the digestion of food in the animals," said Dr Doris Ribitsch, of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna, "so we suspected that some biological activities could also be used for polyester hydrolysis," a type of chemical reaction ...

Oncotarget: Loss of CPAP in oral cancer

Oncotarget: Loss of CPAP in oral cancer
2021-07-02
Oncotarget published "Loss of CPAP causes sustained EGFR signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral cancer" which reported that not only do the abnormal functions of microtubule and microtubule-organizing centers such as centrosomes lead to cancers, but also the malignant tissues are characterized by aberrant centriolar features and amplified centrosomes. In this study, the authors show that the loss of expression of a microtubule/tubulin binding protein, centrosomal protein 4.1-associated protein, which is critical for centriole biogenesis and normal functioning of the centrosome, caused an increase in the EGFR levels and its signaling and, enhanced the EMT features and invasiveness of OSCC cells. Further, depletion of CPAP ...

Novel technique decodes mechanisms controlling executive functions of the primate brain

Novel technique decodes mechanisms controlling executive functions of the primate brain
2021-07-02
The human brain is a wonderfully enigmatic organ, helping to juggle multiple tasks efficiently to help us get through a long day! This feature, called executive function, seats primates like us at the pinnacle of evolution. The prospect of losing the spectacular flow of neural information in our brains because of an accident or disease is, thus, unnerving. In the event of such an unfortunate occurrence, to restore the brain to its previous working condition with full functionality--to reboot it, so to speak--would need a better understanding of the specific neural pathways involved in our daily activities that rely on working memory and decision-making--two important executive functions. To achieve this ...

Closer to cure: New imaging method tracks cancer treatment efficacy in preclinical studies

2021-07-02
Several cancer tumors grow through immunosuppression; that is, they manipulate biological systems in their microenvironments and signal to a specific set of immune cells--those that clear out aberrant cells--to stop acting. It is no wonder that immunotherapy designed to re-establish anti-tumor immunity is rapidly becoming the treatment of choice for these cancers. One natural immunosuppressive molecule that falls prey to helping cancer tumors is indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (henceforth, IDO1). Because it is found in a broad range of cancer tumors, including those of the skin, breast, colon, lung, and blood, scientists have begun to see it as a promising therapeutic target: Suppress its activity and anti-tumor immunity should be back. But all endeavors so far have ...

Large-scale drug analysis reveals potential new COVID-19 antivirals

2021-07-02
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and University of Dundee have screened thousands of drug and chemical molecules and identified a range of potential antivirals that could be developed into new treatments for COVID-19 or in preparation for future coronavirus outbreaks. While COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out, there are still few drug options that can be used to treat patients with the virus, to reduce symptoms and speed up recovery time. These treatments are especially important for groups where the vaccines are less effective, such as some patients with blood cancers. In a series of seven papers, published today (2 July) in the Biochemical Journal, the scientists ...

Diversity in leadership essential to engage minority-ethnic medical students with academia

2021-07-02
Minority-ethnic medical students must have more role-models in senior leadership positions if they are to engage with academia. This is one of the conclusions drawn by a group of medical students writing in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine about the drivers and barriers to engaging with academia. Barriers currently hampering the chances of minority-ethnic medical students accessing formal pathways into academia, they write, include differential attainment and unconscious bias, difficulties forming meaningful mentor-mentee relationships, as well as the ...

Autistic individuals more likely to use recreational drugs to self-medicate

2021-07-02
While autistic individuals are less likely to use substances, those who do so are more likely to self-medicate for their mental health symptoms, according to new research from the University of Cambridge and published today in The Lancet Psychiatry. There is significant debate about substance use of autistic adolescents and adults. Some studies indicate that autistic individuals are less likely to use substances, whereas others suggest that autistic individuals are at greater risk of substance misuse or abuse. The team at the Autism Research Centre in Cambridge used a 'mixed methods' design to consider ...

UCLA scientists say COVID-19 test offers solution for population-wide testing

2021-07-02
In an article appearing in Nature Biomedical Engineering, a team of scientists from the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA School of Engineering report real-world results on SwabSeq, a high-throughput testing platform that uses sequencing to test thousands of samples at a time to detect COVID-19. They were able to perform more than 80,000 tests in less than two months, with the test showing extremely high sensitivity and specificity. SwabSeq uses sample-specific molecular barcodes to simultaneously analyze thousands of samples for the presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. SwabSeq was granted FDA Emergency Use Authorization in October ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

UO researcher develops new tool that could aid drug development

Call for abstracts: GSA Connects 2025 invites geoscientists to share groundbreaking research

The skinny on fat, ascites and anti-tumor immunity

New film series 'The Deadly Five' highlights global animal infectious diseases

Four organizations receive funds to combat food insecurity

Ultrasound unlocks a safer, greener way to make hydrogels 

Antibiotics from human use are contaminating rivers worldwide, study shows

A more realistic look at DNA in action

Skia: Shedding light on shadow branches

Fat-rich fluid fuels immune failure in ovarian cancer

The origins of language

SNU-Harvard researchers jointly build next-gen swarm robots using simple linked particles

First fossil evidence of endangered tropical tree discovered

New gene linked to severe cases of Fanconi anemia

METTL3 drives oral cancer by blocking tumor-suppressing gene

Switch to two-point rating scales to reduce racism in performance reviews, research suggests

The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Ahead-of-Print Tip Sheet: May 9, 2025

Stability solution brings unique form of carbon closer to practical application

New research illustrates the relationship between moral outrage on social media and activism

New enzyme capable of cleaving cellulose should revolutionize biofuel production

Krebs von den Lungen-6 as a biomarker for distinguishing between interstitial lung disease and interstitial lung abnormalities based on computed tomography findings

Chimpanzee groups drum with distinct rhythms

Wasp mums use remarkable memory when feeding offspring

Americans’ use of illicit opioids is higher than previously reported

Estimates of illicit opioid use in the U.S.

Effectiveness and safety of RSV vaccine for U.S. adults age 60 or older

Mass General Brigham researchers share tool to improve newborn genetic screening

Can frisky flies save human lives?

Heart rhythm disorder traced to bacterium lurking in our gums

American Society of Plant Biologists names 2025 award recipients

[Press-News.org] Researchers explore how children learn language