Indra's internet

(Press-News.org) Kyoto, Japan -- Online platforms promise connection, yet the social comparison, digital surveillance, and public criticism they foster can also heighten emotional instability. Recently, these platforms have even intensified global challenges by fueling misinformation-driven unrest and deepening emotional divides. These dynamics have been linked to rising levels of distress, fear, and trauma, often shaped by collective outrage and transient narratives.

While current psychiatry offers various approaches to address individual distress, the field remains relatively under-equipped to understand the networked nature of digital mental health. Buddhist philosophy, on the other hand, envisions reality as a fluid web of interdependent relationships: a view closely aligned with digital interconnectedness.

This realization inspired a team of researchers at Kyoto University to explore a perspective which has received limited attention in clinical psychology. They imagined it could serve as a meaningful bridge between therapeutic care and the shared complexities of virtual life.

The team employed a conceptual analysis and literature review integrating Buddhist philosophy, communication network theory, and psychiatric practice. They also selected three anonymized therapeutic vignettes, or case studies, each illustrating how reflective principles were applied in response to real-world issues, including social media anxiety, online dependence, and workplace alienation.

The results suggest that a Buddhist notion on interconnectedness can enhance psychotherapy, particularly in the context of digital mental health. The findings focus on three key lenses: networked dynamics, or recognizing the ripple effects of actions and emotions online; reciprocity, fostering empathetic engagement amid miscommunication; and cognitive flexibility, which is inspired by the Middle Path of Buddhism and encourages perspectives beyond polarized thinking.

"What fascinated me was how naturally many people responded to philosophical ideas, not as rigid doctrines, but as reflective tools for navigating emotional challenges," says corresponding author Shisei Tei. "The Buddhist networked view of identity felt especially relevant to how people cope with online distress."

Rather than viewing suffering as isolated, these lenses frame experience as relational and evolving, and relationships as dynamic and provisional. Overlooked connections and incidental encounters can carry unexpected significance, and viewed within a broader narrative, they can still help us make sense of ourselves.

This interconnected perspective shows that, rather than chasing immediacy or certainty, we can transform digital adversity into opportunities for more intentional and socially adaptive engagement. This encourages a shift in mindset that helps us address and navigate digitally shaped worldviews, making therapy more adaptable and relevant in the digital world.

"It is surprising how vividly today's digital distress echoes Buddhist insights from over a thousand years ago," says Tei. "The metaphor of Indra's net, where every node reflects and influences all others, emerged not merely as a symbol but as a practical framework for therapeutic reflection in turbulent times."

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The paper "Digital health and Buddhist network philosophy" appeared on 11 September 2025 in The British Journal of Psychiatry Bulletin, with doi: 10.1192/bjb.2025.10144

About Kyoto University

Kyoto University is one of Japan and Asia's premier research institutions, founded in 1897 and responsible for producing numerous Nobel laureates and winners of other prestigious international prizes. A broad curriculum across the arts and sciences at undergraduate and graduate levels complements several research centers, facilities, and offices around Japan and the world. For more information, please see: http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en

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