(Press-News.org) PULLMAN, Washington -- More than half of survivors of the Sudan Ebola virus still suffer serious health problems two years post-infection and the virus can persist in semen and breast milk for months after recovery, according to the first study examining the virus’s long-term effects.
The study, led by researchers at Washington State University, found 57.5% of the survivors of an outbreak in Uganda from 2022-23 reported ongoing and debilitating health issues that interfered with their daily lives. The detection of traces of the virus in semen and breast milk also raised concerns about the potential for sexual and mother-to-child transmission. The findings were recently published in the journal BMC Medicine.
“This is the first time anyone has been able to closely follow Sudan Ebola survivors over the long term, and the results show the virus continues to affect people’s lives well after an outbreak ends,” said lead researcher Kariuki Njenga, a professor in the WSU College of Veterinary Medicine’s Paul G. Allen School for Global Health and senior scientist at WSU Global Health – Kenya. “Just as concerning is the fact we detected the virus in semen and breast milk, which shows there is a risk survivors could pass on Ebola months after recovery.”
Ebola is a severe, often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans caused by four known strains: Zaire, Sudan, Bundibugyo, and Taï Forest. While the disease progresses similarly across strains — with more than half of cases developing life-threatening complications such as hypotension and multi-organ failure — fatality rates vary. The Zaire and Sudan strains are the most deadly, with case fatality rates ranging from 75–90% for Zaire and 55–65% for Sudan. Previous research has focused primarily on the Zaire strain and has shown survivors can experience long-term complications that persist for years.
The WSU-led study followed 87 survivors from the outbreak in Uganda alongside a control group of 176 community members who had not been infected. Participants were assessed at three, nine, 12, 15 and 24 months after discharge from Ebola treatment facilities. Researchers conducted interviews, collected symptom data and performed clinical examinations, in addition to taking semen and breast milk samples from eligible participants.
Survivors reported symptoms affecting the musculoskeletal system (45%), central nervous system (36%) and eyes (20%) at much higher rates than those in the control group. Common issues included memory loss, joint and back pain, numbness in hands and feet, headaches, vision problems and depression. Half of the survivors reported multiple persistent symptoms that resulted in an inability to perform basic activities. These symptoms remained consistent across the two-year follow-up period, mirroring studies of Zaire Ebola survivors that found sustained symptoms even four years after infection.
“These results point to a kind of ‘long Ebola,’ very similar to what the world has seen with long COVID,” Njenga said. “Symptoms did not significantly improve across two years of follow-up, which is why long-term care and support for survivors are critical.”
Researchers stopped detected Sudan Ebola virus RNA in semen for up to 210 days and in breast milk for up to 199 days after infection. In two men, the virus reappeared in semen samples eight months after consecutive negative results, suggesting possible latency and reactivation. Because semen and breast milk are produced in “immune-privileged” sites where pathogens can sometimes persist, survivors may unknowingly pose a risk to partners or children.
The 2022–23 outbreak sickened 142 people and caused 55 deaths before it was declared over in January 2023. Njenga and his team continue to monitor survivors and plan to publish additional findings at the four-year mark. They are also enrolling participants from a more recent outbreak, which will strengthen statistical analyses and provide deeper insight into viral persistence and long-term health outcomes.
In addition to tracking symptoms, researchers hope to resume semen and breast milk testing to better understand how long the virus can persist in the body.
The study was funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health.
END
Sudan Ebola virus can persist in survivors for months, WSU study shows
2025-10-02
ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:
The magnetic math of breast health
2025-10-02
Branching isn’t just for trees. This biological process occurs in animal development, enabling organs to perform complex functions. Branch-like structures form in lungs, kidneys, and breasts, among other places. Importantly, only in female mammary glands does most branching occur years after birth. It happens during puberty and again during pregnancy as milk ducts branch out in preparation for breastfeeding. Disturbances here have been linked to breast cancer. However, studying branching can be difficult and time-consuming.
Now, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) researchers have developed a tool to quickly quantify changes in the branches of mouse mammary glands. ...
Six billion tonnes a second: Rogue planet found growing at record rate
2025-10-02
Astronomers have identified an enormous ‘growth spurt’ in a so-called rogue planet. Unlike the planets in our Solar System, these objects do not orbit stars, free-floating on their own instead. The new observations, made with the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (ESO’s VLT), reveal that this free-floating planet is eating up gas and dust from its surroundings at a rate of six billion tonnes a second. This is the strongest growth rate ever recorded for a rogue planet, or a planet of any kind, providing valuable insights into how they form and grow.
“People may think ...
Young rogue planet displays record-breaking ‘growth spurt’
2025-10-02
A young rogue planet about 620 light-years away from Earth has experienced a record-breaking “growth spurt,” hoovering up some six billion tons of gas and dust each second over a couple of months.
A team of international researchers have explored changes in the planet’s growth and immediate surroundings. The observations provide insight into how rogue planets—free-floating planetary-mass objects that do not orbit stars—behave and grow in their infancy.
“We’ve caught this newborn rogue planet in the act of gobbling ...
The RESTART trial: a drug to block a toxic HIV molecule
2025-10-02
What if the presence of a well-known but misunderstood viral protein explains why some people living with HIV (PLWH) never recover their health, even with antiretroviral treatment?
Dr. Madeleine Durand and Andrés Finzi, researchers at the CRCHUM, Université de Montréal’s affiliated hospital research centre, will explore this through the launch of a groundbreaking clinical trial this fall.
Two studies, one approach
With the publication of a remarkable study in 2023, the two scientists and Mehdi Benlarbi, a PhD student in Finzi’s lab, showed a keen interest in the HIV molecule gp120. The virus is known to infect ...
New polymer designs for beyond-5G telecommunications
2025-10-02
With the rollout of fifth-generation (5G) telecommunications networks and 6G looming on the horizon, the demand for advanced materials that can handle high-frequency signals is rising rapidly. These systems use electromagnetic waves ranging from tens to hundreds of gigahertz (GHz), where signals are highly sensitive to transmission loss, interference, and distortion. To address these issues, scientists and engineers rely on special insulating materials, known as dielectrics, which help guide signals with minimal loss.
Polymer-based dielectrics are particularly attractive. ...
Hanbat National University study finds quantum computing can make homes smarter and greener
2025-10-02
Residential heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems constitute a significant proportion of energy usage in buildings, necessitating energy management optimization. In this context, occupancy aware HVAC control is a promising option with 20-50% energy savings in homes. However, occupancy sensing technology suffers from long payback times, privacy issues, and poor comfort. Moreover, there is an increasing need for further advanced technologies that help regulate indoor air quality in addition to energy control.
To meet these expectations, scientists have recently turned to intelligent control methods such as ...
Tiny cell messengers in obese individuals accelerate Alzheimer’s-linked plaque buildup in the brain
2025-10-02
HOUSTON – Oct. 2, 2025 – Obesity has long been acknowledged as a risk factor for a wide range of diseases, but a more precise link between obesity and Alzheimer’s disease has remained a mystery – until now.
A first-of-its-kind study from Houston Methodist found that adipose-derived extracellular vesicles, tiny cell-to-cell messengers in the body, can signal the buildup of amyloid-β plaque in obese individuals. These plaques are a key feature of Alzheimer’s disease.
The study, “Decoding Adipose–Brain Crosstalk: Distinct Lipid Cargo in Human Adipose-Derived ...
Do elephants know when we're looking at them?
2025-10-02
Kyoto, Japan -- With their massive flapping ears and long trunks, it isn't hard to believe that elephants tend to rely on acoustic and olfactory cues for communication. They use gestures and visual displays to communicate as well, but we don't really know how much. Visual communication research has mainly focused on species that are primarily visual, like nonhuman primates.
A previous study demonstrated that African savanna elephants can recognize human visual attention based on a person's face and body orientation, but this had yet to be investigated in their Asian cousins. Asian elephants split from African elephants millions of years ago, so their behavior and cognition differ ...
Psilocybin targets brain circuits to relieve chronic pain, depression
2025-10-02
PHILADELPHIA— Researchers at Penn Medicine have identified specific brain circuits that are impacted by psilocybin—the active compound found in some psychedelic mushrooms—which could lead to new paths forward for pain and mental health management options. Chronic pain affects more than 1.5 billion people worldwide and is often deeply entangled with depression and anxiety, creating a vicious cycle that amplifies suffering and impairs quality of life. The study from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania- ...
MPs and public overestimate time left for climate action, study finds
2025-10-02
A new study has found that UK Members of Parliament (MPs) and the public overestimated the time left to meet a critical deadline for limiting global warming.
Researchers at the University of East Anglia (UEA) surveyed a representative sample of the previous House of Commons, and the public in Britain, Canada, Chile and Germany, on their knowledge of a well-publicised statement from the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
It related to when global ...