PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

Scientists explore new link between genetics, alcoholism and the brain

U-M study finds variations in gene linked to higher risk of alcohol symptoms, more impulsiveness, greater brain activity

2011-04-13
(Press-News.org) ANN ARBOR, Mich. — Researchers at the University of Michigan Health System have uncovered a new link between genetic variations associated with alcoholism, impulsive behavior and a region of the brain involved in craving and anxiety.

The results, published online April 12 in Molecular Psychiatry, suggest that variations in the GABRA2 gene contribute to the risk of alcoholism by influencing impulsive behaviors, at least in part through a portion of the cerebral cortex known as the insula, says study senior author Margit Burmeister, Ph.D., research professor at U-M's Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute.

"Scientists often find a statistical association between behaviors and various genes, but the mechanism that's at work frequently remains unclear," Burmeister says. "Here we took some steps toward explaining how specific genetic risk factors are influencing behavior and the brain."

Individuals under distress who also have the risky genetic variant tend to act impulsively, a behavior that may lead to the development of alcohol problems, says lead author Sandra Villafuerte, Ph.D., a research investigator at U-M's Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry.

"Developing deeper understandings of the various genetic and environmental factors involved in risky behaviors may guide prevention and treatment efforts in the future," Villafuerte says.

The study included 449 people, who came from 173 families – 129 of whom had at least one member diagnosed with alcohol dependence or abuse. Those with certain variations in the GABRA2 gene were more likely to have alcohol dependence symptoms and higher measures of impulsiveness in response to distress, the study found. Stronger associations were found in women than in men.

"This wouldn't be a surprise to an alcohol researcher," Burmeister says. "Men and women tend to have different pathways to alcoholism. Drinking to relieve anxiety and distress is seen more in women."

Researchers also used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe changes of blood flow in the brains of 44 young adults from these families as they performed a task in which they anticipated winning or losing money.

"The neuroimaging allowed us to see for the first time how these genetic variants create differences in how the brain responds in certain situations," says Mary M. Heitzeg, Ph.D., a research assistant professor in U-M's Department of Psychiatry and U-M's Addiction Research Center.

They found that individuals with one form of the GABRA2 gene associated with alcoholism showed significantly higher activation in the insula when anticipating rewards and losses than those with other combinations. This higher activation was also related to a greater level of impulsiveness in response to distress.

The insula's association with addictive behavior is well known: smokers who had insula damage due to stroke found it much easier to give up cigarettes, Science reported in 2007.

"We believe these results suggest GABRA2 exerts an influence on an underlying neural system that impacts early risk factors and, later, alcohol dependency," says Burmeister, also a professor of psychiatry and human genetics at the U-M Medical School. "In the future, we hope to further examine the effects of family environment and other behavioral and environmental factors."

The authors stress that genetic risk factors don't act alone and simply having them does not mean that someone will become an alcoholic.

INFORMATION:

Funding: The research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health.

Additional authors: Sara Foley; Wai-Ying Wendy Yau; Karen Majczenko, M.D.; Jon-Kar Zubieta, M.D., Ph.D.; Robert A. Zucker, Ph.D.; all of U-M.

Citation: "Impulsiveness and Insula activation during reward anticipation are associated with genetic variants in GABRA2 in a family sample enriched for alcoholism," Molecular Psychiatry, April 12, 2011.

END



ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Client Appreciation: A New Spin on a Familiar Idea, by Rosemary J. Frenza, J.D., Attorney and Mediator, Legacy Law Center in Ann Arbor, MI

2011-04-13
On the off chance that any of my Wealth Counsel colleagues from warmer climes are unaware of conditions in the Midwest, southeast Michigan in mid-February is not full of sun and ripe for delightful outdoor activities (I've shocked you, I'm sure). Some people from our wonderful state enjoy all that our winters have to offer, including skiing, snowboarding and snowmobiling. Our law practice, however, has a significant number of retirement-age clients, and for those clients, and for the rest of us who prefer to reserve our outdoor recreation for the warmer months, February ...

JCI online early table of contents: April 11, 2011

2011-04-13
EDITOR'S PICK Protein could improve recovery from heart attacks Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels, is required during embryonic development and wound healing, as well as during disease processes such as tumor growth. The signals that direct angiogensis are incompletely understood, but could represent novel targets for the development of therapies that promote or inhibit this process. In this paper, Young-Guen Kwon and colleagues, of Yonsei University in Seoul, Korea, investigated the role of two related proteins- DKK1 and DKK2- in angiogenesis. These ...

Scientists discover a new species of dinosaur, bridging a gap in the dinosaur family tree

Scientists discover a new species of dinosaur, bridging a gap in the dinosaur family tree
2011-04-13
A team of scientists led by the Smithsonian Institution has discovered a fossilized dinosaur skull and neck vertebrae that not only reveal a new species, but also an evolutionary link between two groups of dinosaurs. The new species, Daemonosaurus chauliodus, was discovered at Ghost Ranch, N.M. The team's findings are published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Wednesday, April 13. The oldest known dinosaurs walked or ran on their hind legs and included early predatory species such as Herrerasaurus. They existed in what are now Argentina and Brazil early in the ...

Birds inherited sense of smell from dinosaurs ... and improved it

Birds inherited sense of smell from dinosaurs ... and improved it
2011-04-13
This press release is available in French. Pigeons may not instill the same aura of fear as a Tyrannosaurus rex, but they inherited their sense of smell from such prehistoric killers. Birds are known more for their flying abilities and their senses of vision and balance than for their sense of smell. According to conventional wisdom, the sense of smell declined during the transition from dinosaurs to birds as the senses of vision and balance were improved for flight. But new research published today by scientists at the University of Calgary, the Royal Tyrrell Museum ...

Elder and Probate Mediation: a Vital Resource for Families, by Rosemary J. Frenza, Attorney and Mediator, Legacy Law Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan

2011-04-13
A simple dictionary search for the word mediation reveals the following definition: action in mediating between parties, as to effect an agreement or reconciliation. Legal practitioners are familiar with mediation as an alternative dispute resolution technique that utilizes a neutral party, the mediator, to assist two or more parties in coming to an out-of-court resolution to a dispute. Mediation is a common and effective technique that has long been used in general civil disputes, as well as in divorce and child custody matters. In fact, I first trained as a domestic relations ...

Chicago Personal Injury Attorney David Jasmer Recently Reached a $1 Million Out-Of-Court Settlement

Chicago Personal Injury Attorney David Jasmer Recently Reached a $1 Million Out-Of-Court Settlement
2011-04-13
Firm founder David Jasmer of The Jasmer Law Firm, located in Chicago, Illinois, recently secured a $1 million out-of-court settlement for a client who was rendered an incomplete quadriplegic following a fall down a defective stairway. Last July, while visiting a friend's home, an active 54-year-old woman fell down a steep, poorly lit stairway onto a cement basement floor. She was catastrophically injured, breaking her neck and sustaining serious injuries to her spinal cord and knee. Doctors diagnosed her as an incomplete quadriplegic, meaning that she still had some ...

Study reveals increased inequality in stroke deaths across Europe and central Asia

2011-04-13
There is growing inequality between different countries in Europe and central Asia in the proportion of people who die from stroke, according to a study published online today in the European Heart Journal [1]. In countries where the proportions of stroke deaths have been low at the end of the 20th century, the death rates are continuing to decrease sharply; these countries include most of the western European nations. But in countries where stroke deaths were moderate or high, there has been "a further unprecedented increase in this cause of death" say the authors of ...

Eco-friendly treatment for blue jeans offers alternative to controversial 'sandblasting'

2011-04-13
Blue denim jeans are one of the most popular and iconic fashion items in the world; now a study published in Biotechnology Journal reveals a cheaper, more efficient and eco-friendly method for treating dyed denim. The process of 'surface activation' used to wash-down the denim following dyeing could also offer an alternative to the dangerous, and internationally banned, sandblasting technique. "The global production of denim is estimated at 3 billion linear meters and more than 4 billion garments per year," said Thomas Bechtold, from the Research Institute for Textile ...

Sniffing out calories: Hormone linked to nose's ability to locate food

2011-04-13
CINCINNATI—The hormone ghrelin, known to promote hunger and fat storage, has been found to enhance exploratory "sniffing" in both animals and humans. The research, by University of Cincinnati (UC) scientists, suggests that ghrelin may be designed to boost detection of calories in our environment through smell and link those inputs with natural regulation of metabolism and body weight. Led by Jenny Tong, MD, and Matthias Tschöp, MD, both of UC's endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism division, the study appears in the April 13, 2011, issue of The Journal of Neuroscience, ...

Pig stem cell transplants: The key to future research into retina treatment

2011-04-13
A team of American and Chinese scientists studying the role of stem cells in repairing damaged retina tissue have found that pigs represent an effective proxy species to research treatments for humans. The study, published in STEM CELLS, demonstrates how stem cells can be isolated and transplanted between pigs, overcoming a key barrier to the research. Treatments to repair the human retina following degenerative diseases remain a challenge for medical science. Unlike species of lower vertebrates the human retina lacks a regenerative pathway meaning that research has ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

Underserved youth less likely to visit emergency department for concussion in Ontario, study finds

‘Molecular shield’ placed in the nose may soon treat common hay fever trigger

Beetles under climate stress lay larger male eggs: Wolbachia infection drives adaptive reproduction strategy in response to rising temperature and CO₂

Groundbreaking quantum study puts wave-particle duality to work

Weekly injection could be life changing for Parkinson’s patients

Toxic metals linked to impaired growth in infants in Guatemala

Being consistently physically active in adulthood linked to 30–40% lower risk of death

Nerve pain drug gabapentin linked to increased dementia, cognitive impairment risks

Children’s social care involvement common to nearly third of UK mums who died during perinatal period

‘Support, not judgement’: Study explores links between children’s social care involvement and maternal deaths

Ethnic minority and poorer children more likely to die in intensive care

Major progress in fertility preservation after treatment for cancer of the lymphatic system

Fewer complications after additional ultrasound in pregnant women who feel less fetal movement

Environmental impact of common pesticides seriously underestimated

The Milky Way could be teeming with more satellite galaxies than previously thought

New study reveals surprising reproductive secrets of a cricket-hunting parasitoid fly

Media Tip Sheet: Symposia at ESA2025

NSF CAREER Award will power UVA engineer’s research to improve drug purification

Tiny parasitoid flies show how early-life competition shapes adult success

New coating for glass promises energy-saving windows

Green spaces boost children’s cognitive skills and strengthen family well-being

Ancient trees dying faster than expected in Eastern Oregon

Study findings help hone precision of proven CVD risk tool

Most patients with advanced melanoma who received pre-surgical immunotherapy remain alive and disease free four years later

Introducing BioEmu: A generative AI Model that enables high-speed and accurate prediction of protein structural ensembles

Replacing mutated microglia with healthy microglia halts progression of genetic neurological disease in mice and humans

New research shows how tropical plants manage rival insect tenants by giving them separate ‘flats’

Condo-style living helps keep the peace inside these ant plants

Climate change action could dramatically limit rising UK heatwave deaths

Annual heat-related deaths projected to increase significantly due to climate and population change

[Press-News.org] Scientists explore new link between genetics, alcoholism and the brain
U-M study finds variations in gene linked to higher risk of alcohol symptoms, more impulsiveness, greater brain activity