PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

UF-led team uses new observatory to characterize low-mass planets orbiting nearby star

2012-04-13
(Press-News.org) GAINESVILLE, Fla. — University of Florida astronomers have found compelling evidence for two low-mass planets orbiting the nearby star Fomalhaut, just 25 light years from Earth.

Twice as massive as the sun and 20 times brighter, Fomalhaut is surrounded by a ring of dust and debris, making it a favorite system for astronomers to study and a natural laboratory for testing planet formation theories.

In 2008, images of Fomalhaut taken by the Hubble Space Telescope led to the discovery of "Fomalhaut b," the first extra solar planet to be directly detected in visible light. At the time, astronomers believed it to be a giant planet, akin to Jupiter or Saturn, but later infrared images failed to detect the planet, meaning that it had to be smaller than Saturn.

UF astronomers, along with scientists from the new Atacama Large Millimeter Array in Chile, known as ALMA, and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, used ALMA's superior resolution and sensitivity to study the system in unprecedented detail. Their results indicate that there are not one, but two planets, with masses between that of Mars and a few times larger than Earth, working together to shape the ring of dust.

The new study reveals that the ring is sharply truncated in the inner and outer edges and is only about 16 astronomical units, or AU, wide, or about 16 times the distance between the Earth and the sun. That may seem large, but the center of the ring is about 140 AU, making the ring relatively very narrow. It also finds that the ring is vertically thin, about one-seventh as tall as it is wide. Those properties give important clues to explain the planetary system of Fomalhaut.

The results are described in a paper to appear this month in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

"Combining ALMA observations of the ring's shape with computer models, we can place very tight limits on the mass and orbit of any planet near the ring." said Aaron Boley, a Sagan Postdoctoral Fellow at UF and leader of the study. "The masses of the planets must be small so they do not destroy the ring, but their masses cannot be too low or they would not shape the ring."

Although Fomalhaut is a much hotter star than the sun, the planets are so far from their host star that they are among the coldest planets known around a normal star. They are thought to be low-mass bodies, but astronomers do not have enough data to tell whether they have a significant amount of hydrogen gas or are mostly rock and ice.

"ALMA observations show that Fomalhaut's ring is even more narrow and thinner than previously known," said Matthew Payne, an astronomer at the University of Florida who contributed to the study. "Fomalhaut b alone only explains the ring's sharp inner edge. Our analysis suggests that two planets, one interior and one exterior, are shepherding the ring, analogous to how Uranus' moons Cordelia and Ophelia confine Uranus' brightest ring."

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, located in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile at an altitude of 16,400 feet is the largest astronomical project in existence. Still under construction, ALMA began scientific operations in September.

"ALMA may still be under construction, but it has already proved to be the world's most powerful telescope for observing the universe at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths of light." said Stuartt Corder, an astronomer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory and co-author of the study.

"Once ALMA is completed, we will be able to study systems like Fomalhaut with even greater detail, and see through the veil of dust that hides the early stages of planet formation," said co-author Bill Dent, an astronomer at ALMA.

###This research was supported by the NASA Sagan Fellowship Program, the National Radio Astronomy Student Observing Support Program and the University of Florida's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. The Joint ALMA Observatory is a partnership of the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (on behalf of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences and Academia Sinica), and the NRAO (managed by Associated Universities, Inc. on behalf of the NSF and the National Research Council of Canada) in cooperation with the Republic of Chile.

Credits Writer Javier Barbuzano, jbarbuzano@astro.ufl.edu Source Aaron Boley, aaron.boley@astro.ufl.edu


ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Fine-scale analysis of the human brain yields insight into its distinctive composition

2012-04-13
Scientists at the Allen Institute for Brain Science have identified similarities and differences among regions of the human brain, among the brains of human individuals, and between humans and mice by analyzing the expression of approximately 1,000 genes in the brain. The study, published online today in the journal Cell, sheds light on the human brain in general and also serves as an introduction to what the associated publicly available dataset can offer the scientific community. This study reveals a high degree of similarity among human individuals. Only 5% of the ...

New York Construction Accident Lawyer from The Perecman Firm Comments on New York Construction Law Following Fatal Brooklyn House Collapse

2012-04-13
A 25-year old New York construction worker died when a house collapsed in Brooklyn, reported the New York Daily News (4/3/2012). http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/1-worker-critically-injured-4-hurt-brooklyn-building-collapse-article-1.1055111#ixzz1qzzFF4sT "Of the many hazards that can happen on a construction site, a building collapse is one of the most catastrophic construction accidents that can take place," said David Perecman, a construction accident lawyer in New York with over 30 years of experience providing falling debris construction ...

Majority-biased learning

Majority-biased learning
2012-04-13
This press release is available in German. The transmission of knowledge to the next generation is a key feature of human evolution. In particular, humans tend to copy behaviour that is demonstrated by many other individuals. Chimpanzees and orangutans, two of our closest living relatives, also socially pass on traditional behaviour and culture from one generation to another. Whether and how this process resembles the human one is still largely unknown. Researchers of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig and the Max Planck Institute for ...

New York Civil Rights Violation Lawyer from The Perecman Firm Supports NYCLU Lawsuit Regarding Operation Clean Halls

2012-04-13
The New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) and several other civil rights advocacy groups recently filed a lawsuit of great interest to New York civil rights violation lawyers at The Perecman Firm and other defenders of civil rights. The NYCLU lawsuit (No.12-CIV-2274) was filed against the New York City Police Department. It claims officers violated civil rights and challenges a controversial stop-and-frisk type program in private rental apartment buildings called "Operation Clean Halls." http://www.nyclu.org/news/class-action-lawsuit-challenges-nypd-patrols-of-private-apartment-buildings http://www.nyclu.org/files/releases/Clean_Halls_complaint_3.28.12.PDF ...

New York Commercial Drivers to Be Screened for Sleep Apnea

2012-04-13
Sleep apnea, a condition in which the narrowing of the upper airway results in poor, disrupted sleep, not only results in a bad night's sleep, but also leads to fatigued drivers. In fact, some believe that when it comes to driving, sleep apnea may present as great a danger as too much alcohol. For this reason, the U.S. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), in conjunction with the American Transportation Research Institute of the American Trucking Associations (ATA), will begin screening commercial driver's license (CDL) holders thought to be susceptible ...

Parolees behaving badly

2012-04-13
Los Angeles, CA (April 12, 2012) Police officers are always trying to control the misconduct of those who are on parole in order to control crime in the community, but what types of behaviors land them back in jail and what can law enforcement officials do about it? A recent article in the Journal of Correctional Health Care (JCHC), published by SAGE, discusses how to target the most common risky behaviors among specific groups of parolees in order to lower crime in the community. Researchers David Wyatt Seal, Michelle Parisot, and Wayne DiFranceisco interviewed 126 ...

Ticketing for Suspected Drugged Driving in New York Could Become More Accurate

Ticketing for Suspected Drugged Driving in New York Could Become More Accurate
2012-04-13
Authorities in New York are trying to crackdown on drugged driving. State legislators recently started pushing for a swab test that would allow officers to test for drug use during a traffic stop. Law officials and policymakers believe this will greatly reduce citations for driving while ability impaired by drugs. In New York State, the number of arrests of drivers operating a vehicle while under the influence of drugs has increased by nearly 35 percent over the last decade. This may be an indication that law enforcement has already been getting much more aggressive ...

New study identifies promising, achievable solutions to Nigeria's childhood mortality crisis

2012-04-13
Baltimore, MD – A study released today by the International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health has identified the most feasible and impactful solutions for Nigeria's immunization program that could offer the best hope yet for scaling up vaccine access to the nation's most rural areas and taking aim at the country's precipitous number of child deaths. While the nation has made progress on child survival in recent years, Nigeria is still responsible for one out of every eight child deaths worldwide. The country is second only ...

Endangered bats find sanctuary in Israeli 'ghost bunkers'

2012-04-13
Abandoned army bunkers along the Jordan River have become a habitat for 12 indigenous bat species, three of which are already designated as endangered and two that are on the critical list. The bats were recently identified by a group of Tel Aviv University researchers who were granted access to the bunkers, spread out along a 60-mile-long stretch of land between the Sea of Galilee in the north of Israel to the Dead Sea's northern edge. According to Ph.D. student Eran Levin of TAU's Department of Zoology, the local bat population is estimated to be in the thousands. ...

Studies reveal how cells distinguish between disease-causing and innocuous invaders

2012-04-13
The specific mechanisms by which humans and other animals are able to discriminate between disease-causing microbes and innocuous ones in order to rapidly respond to infections have long been a mystery to scientists. But a study conducted on roundworms by biologists at UC San Diego has uncovered some important clues to finally answering that question. In a paper published in this week's early online issue of the journal Cell Host & Microbe, the researchers discovered that intestinal cells in the roundworm C. elegans, which are similar in structure to those in humans, ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

Sensing sickness

Cost to build multifamily housing in California more than twice as high as in Texas

Program takes aim at drinking, unsafe sex, and sexual assault on college campuses

Inability to pay for healthcare reaches record high in U.S.

Science ‘storytelling’ urgently needed amid climate and biodiversity crisis

KAIST Develops Retinal Therapy to Restore Lost Vision​

Adipocyte-hepatocyte signaling mechanism uncovered in endoplasmic reticulum stress response

Mammals were adapting from life in the trees to living on the ground before dinosaur-killing asteroid

Low LDL cholesterol levels linked to reduced risk of dementia

Thickening of the eye’s retina associated with greater risk and severity of postoperative delirium in older patients

Almost one in ten people surveyed report having been harmed by the NHS in the last three years

Enhancing light control with complex frequency excitations

New research finds novel drug target for acute myeloid leukemia, bringing hope for cancer patients

New insight into factors associated with a common disease among dogs and humans

Illuminating single atoms for sustainable propylene production

New study finds Rocky Mountain snow contamination

Study examines lactation in critically ill patients

UVA Engineering Dean Jennifer West earns AIMBE’s 2025 Pierre Galletti Award

Doubling down on metasurfaces

New Cedars-Sinai study shows how specialized diet can improve gut disorders

Making moves and hitting the breaks: Owl journeys surprise researchers in western Montana

PKU Scientists simulate the origin and evolution of the North Atlantic Oscillation

ICRAFT breakthrough: Unlocking A20’s dual role in cancer immunotherapy

How VR technology is changing the game for Alzheimer’s disease

A borrowed bacterial gene allowed some marine diatoms to live on a seaweed diet

Balance between two competing nerve proteins deters symptoms of autism in mice

Use of antifungals in agriculture may increase resistance in an infectious yeast

Awareness grows of cancer risk from alcohol consumption, survey finds

The experts that can outsmart optical illusions

Pregnancy may reduce long COVID risk

[Press-News.org] UF-led team uses new observatory to characterize low-mass planets orbiting nearby star