(Press-News.org) Canada and other countries should reassess guidelines that prohibit offering economic incentives such as gift cards to potential blood donors, says a study from the University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM).
"Blood donation guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and many blood collection agencies are largely based on research that assessed only what study participants said they would do – not their observed behaviour when donating blood," says Nicola Lacetera, Assistant Professor in UTM's Department of Management. "These are two very different things."
Using recent field-based studies with larger, more representative samples of the behaviour of blood donors in the United States, Argentina, Switzerland and Italy, Lacetera and his co-authors, Mario Macis (Johns Hopkins University) and Robert Slonim (University of Sydney) found evidence that is in striking contrast to the earlier findings upon which the guidelines are based.
The team examined studies that used a variety of incentive items from T-shirts to coupons. For example, a paid vacation day from work for blood donors in Italy led to a 40 per cent rise in annual blood donations. Only one incentive – a free cholesterol test – had no positive effect on donation rates.
There are two primary reasons why organizations such as the WHO recommend using unpaid volunteers to donate blood, Lacetera says. First, donating blood is viewed as an altruistic act, and rewards are believed to reduce donors' motivation. Rewards could also attract less-than-ideal donors and thus impact the safety of the blood supply.
"But this new evidence – based on actual behaviour – clearly shows that economic rewards work to increase blood donations, in some cases quite substantially, without negative consequences on the safety of the blood or the type of donors attracted," says Lacetera.
The team was also able to refute another concern, that people would respond to short-term incentives but be less motivated to donate when incentives were removed. None of the studies examined by the researchers showed negative long-term effects on donation rates after the incentive period was over.
Lacetera says that short-term incentives may help to smooth over changes in blood supply levels in periods when blood donations are historically low. One of the reviewed studies showed that some people who were planning to donate may give a bit earlier because of an incentive offer.
"To the extent that one-time incentives are able to modify people's donation schedules, it can have some practical applications in terms of timing," he says.
The researchers warn that the evidence should not be interpreted as promoting a straight cash-for-blood policy. The studies they analyzed offered unconditional incentives, where the potential donor received a non-cash reward for arriving at the blood donation centre or drive. Since the reward was not dependant on donating blood, the risk of misrepresentation of health or other information by an ineligible donor who wishes to receive the reward was reduced.
"Since blood is typically in short supply, the basic issue is what can be done to improve donation rates while guaranteeing safety?" says Lacetera. "Current guidelines that prohibit any form of reward will benefit from considering the more recent evidence and possibly reassessing their approach."
The research is published in the May 24 issue of Science.
INFORMATION:
MEDIA CONTACTS
Nicola Lacetera
Department of Management
University of Toronto Mississauga
Phone: 416-978-4423
nicola.lacetera@utoronto.ca
Nicolle Wahl
U of T Mississauga Communications
905-569-4656
nicolle.wahl@utoronto.ca
Giving blood donors a good reason to give
Economic incentives increase blood donations with no safety effects, says University of Toronto Mississauga research
2013-05-24
ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:
Frontiers news briefs: May 23
2013-05-24
Frontiers in Plant Science
Automated conserved noncoding sequence (CNS) discovery reveals differences in gene content and promoter evolution among grasses
Within the genome of each species, there are thousands of stretches of DNA that undergo little change in position and sequence over millions of years, but do not code for any proteins. Some of these evolutionarily stable sequences, so-called conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs), are known to regulate the expression of other genes or the condensation of chromosomes, but the function of many CNSs remains unknown. Michael ...
Gold nanocrystal vibration captured on billion-frames-per-second film
2013-05-24
A billon-frames-per-second film has captured the vibrations of gold nanocrystals in stunning detail for the first time.
The film, which was made using 3D imaging pioneered at the London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN) at UCL, reveals important information about the composition of gold. The findings are published in the journal Science.
Jesse Clark, from the LCN and lead author of the paper said: "Just as the sound quality of a musical instrument can provide great detail about its construction, so too can the vibrations seen in materials provide important information ...
King Richard III found in 'untidy lozenge-shaped grave'
2013-05-24
An academic paper on the archaeology of the Search for Richard III reveals for the first time specific details of the grave dug for King Richard III and discovered under a car park in Leicester.
University of Leicester archaeologists have published the first peer-reviewed paper on the University-led archaeological Search for Richard III in the prestigious journal Antiquity.
The paper reveals:
Richard III was casually placed in a badly prepared grave – suggesting gravediggers were in a hurry to bury him
He was placed in an 'odd position' and the torso crammed in
The ...
Statin use is linked to increased risk of developing diabetes, warn researchers
2013-05-24
Treatment with high potency statins (especially atorvastatin and simvastatin) may increase the risk of developing diabetes, suggests a paper published today on bmj.com.
Statins are among the most widely prescribed medications for the prevention of cardiovascular events. Although tolerated well, an association with new-onset diabetes has recently been suggested. One trial suggested a 27% increased risk of diabetes with rosuvastatin whereas another suggested patients taking pravastatin benefitted from a 30% lower risk.
As there is limited data on this subject, researchers ...
Consumers largely underestimating calorie content of fast food
2013-05-24
People eating at fast food restaurants largely underestimate the calorie content of meals, especially large ones, according to a paper published today on bmj.com.
From 2006 to 2010 many American states and cities passed laws requiring chain restaurants to print calorie content on menus. The US Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 included a provision that will require all restaurant chains with more than 20 US sites to print calorie content on menus.
Previous research has shown that adults and children underestimate calorie content often by large amounts. ...
Diabetes' genetic underpinnings can vary based on ethnic background, Stanford studies say
2013-05-24
STANFORD, Calif. - Ethnic background plays a surprisingly large role in how diabetes develops on a cellular level, according to two new studies led by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine.
The researchers reanalyzed disease data to demonstrate that the physiological pathways to diabetes vary between Africa and East Asia and that those differences are reflected in part by genetic differences. The studies will be published online simultaneously May 23 in the journals PLoS Genetics and Diabetes Care.
"We have new insights into the differences in diabetes ...
Future doctors unaware of their obesity bias
2013-05-24
WINSTON-SALEM, N.C., – May 23, 2013 – Two out of five medical students have an unconscious bias against obese people, according to a new study by researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center. The study is published online ahead of print in the Journal of Academic Medicine.
"Bias can affect clinical care and the doctor-patient relationship, and even a patient's willingness or desire to go see their physician, so it is crucial that we try to deal with any bias during medical school," said David Miller, M.D., associate professor of internal medicine at Wake Forest Baptist ...
U Alberta teams with citizen researchers 370 light years from Earth
2013-05-24
(Edmonton) A University of Alberta physicist brought together back-yard astronomers and professionals to confirm the mysterious behaviour of two stars more than 300 light years from Earth.
U of A astrophysics researcher Gregory Sivakoff was part of an international team that re-examined an established theory about periodic bursts of light coming from a binary star.
The two stars are called a binary star because they rotate around each other. The accepted theory on why the binary star, named SS Cygni, emits periodic bursts of light involves an interaction between the ...
A quantum simulator for magnetic materials
2013-05-24
Physicists understand perfectly well why a fridge magnet sticks to certain metallic surfaces. But there are more exotic forms of magnetism whose properties remain unclear, despite decades of intense research. An important step towards filling these gaps comes now from Tilman Esslinger and his group at the Department of Physics. The team has developed a new kind of device that uses laser beams and atoms to emulate magnetic materials. Their approach promises fundamental insights beyond what can be obtained with current theoretical and computational methods. Moreover, the ...
MRI-based measurement helps predict vascular disease in the brain
2013-05-24
OAK BROOK, Ill. (May 23, 2013) – Aortic arch pulse wave velocity, a measure of arterial stiffness, is a strong independent predictor of disease of the vessels that supply blood to the brain, according to a new study published in the June issue the journal Radiology.
"Pulse wave velocity from the aortic arch provides functional information about vessel compliance that may help determine a patient's risk for cerebrovascular disease down the road," said Kevin S. King, M.D., assistant professor of radiology at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.
Recent studies have ...
LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:
Exercise as an anti-ageing intervention to avoid detrimental impact of mental fatigue
UMass Amherst Nursing Professor Emerita honored as ‘Living Legend’
New guidelines aim to improve cystic fibrosis screening
Picky eaters by day, buffet by night: Butterfly, moth diets sync to plant aromas
Pennington Biomedical’s Dr. Leanne Redman honored with the E. V. McCollum Award from the American Society for Nutrition
CCNY physicists uncover electronic interactions mediated via spin waves
Researchers’ 3D-printing formula may transform future of foam
Nurture more important than nature for robotic hand
Drug-delivering aptamers target leukemia stem cells for one-two knockout punch
New study finds that over 95% of sponsored influencer posts on Twitter were not disclosed
New sea grant report helps great lakes fish farmers navigate aquaculture regulations
Strain “trick” improves perovskite solar cells’ efficiency
How GPS helps older drivers stay on the roads
Estrogen and progesterone stimulate the body to make opioids
Dancing with the cells – how acoustically levitating a diamond led to a breakthrough in biotech automation
Machine learning helps construct an evolutionary timeline of bacteria
Cellular regulator of mRNA vaccine revealed... offering new therapeutic options
Animal behavioral diversity at risk in the face of declining biodiversity
Finding their way: GPS ignites independence in older adult drivers
Antibiotic resistance among key bacterial species plateaus over time
‘Some insects are declining but what’s happening to the other 99%?’
Powerful new software platform could reshape biomedical research by making data analysis more accessible
Revealing capillaries and cells in living organs with ultrasound
American College of Physicians awards $260,000 in grants to address equity challenges in obesity care
Researchers from MARE ULisboa discover that the European catfish, an invasive species in Portugal, has a prolonged breeding season, enhancing its invasive potential
Rakesh K. Jain, PhD, FAACR, honored with the 2025 AACR Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cancer Research
Solar cells made of moon dust could power future space exploration
Deporting immigrants may further shrink the health care workforce
Border region emergency medical services in migrant emergency care
Resident physician intentions regarding unionization
[Press-News.org] Giving blood donors a good reason to giveEconomic incentives increase blood donations with no safety effects, says University of Toronto Mississauga research