Lay bystanders in higher income pennsylvania counties more likely to perform CPR

(Press-News.org) CHICAGO - Members of the public in counties with higher median household incomes are more likely to step into action to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, when they witness someone have a cardiac arrest, according to a new study led by researchers in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, which was presented today at the American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium 2014.

"It's important for bystanders to act quickly when they witness someone experiencing cardiac arrest," said lead study author Kam Ching (Nina) Li, senior research coordinator in the Center for Resuscitation Science at Penn. "These findings tell us that in order to get more bystanders to step up and provide lifesaving CPR for someone in need, we need to target CPR education efforts in counties with lower median household incomes."

The research team, led by Benjamin Abella, MD, MPhil, clinical research director of the Center for Resuscitation Science, examined data on 7,137 cardiac arrest cases across 47 counties in 2012 and 2013 from Pennsylvania's Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES). They also found that patients who suffered cardiac arrests in areas with higher bystander CPR rates were more likely to have their heart function restored (also known as return of spontaneous circulation, or ROSC), the desired outcome after cardiac arrest.

Each year, more than 350,000 people experience cardiac arrest outside of a hospital setting, but only 10 percent survive the event. In fact, a victim's chance of survival decreases by 10 percent with each passing minute. However, previous studies have shown that bystander CPR can quadruple their chance of survival.

The study revealed that less than one in 14 bystanders performed CPR in the majority of the lowest-performing group, which had a median household income of $43,611 (± $5,038), resulting in a ROSC rate of 1.5 percent. However, in the highest-performing group, which had a median household income of $50,225 (± $6,661), about half of the bystanders performed CPR, resulting in a ROSC rate of 23.3 percent. However, the study did not find a significant correlation between bystander CPR rates and education level, people below poverty status or population density.

"There's a variety of potential reasons why bystanders in lower-income counties may be less likely to perform CPR, the most prominent of which is a lack of resources to train people in this lifesaving skill," said Li. "Another contributing factor may be bystander hesitance to perform mouth-to-mouth on a stranger, but research supports hands-only CPR as an effective approach in most cardiac arrest incidents, making this concern irrelevant."

INFORMATION:

The study's other authors, all of whom are from Penn, include Julie E. Griff, Elizabeth K. Heisler, Anne V. Grossestreuer, MS, Marion Leary, MSN, RN, and Lance B. Becker, MD, FAHA. The study was funded by a grant from the Medtronic Foundation as part of the HeartRescue Project, a six-state project to improve survival from cardiac arrest.

These findings are being presented as Abstract #28 with the following title: Association of Bystander CPR Rates with County-Level Median Household Income in Pennsylvania.

Penn Medicine is one of the world's leading academic medical centers, dedicated to the related missions of medical education, biomedical research, and excellence in patient care. Penn Medicine consists of the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (founded in 1765 as the nation's first medical school) and the University of Pennsylvania Health System, which together form a $4.3 billion enterprise.

The Perelman School of Medicine has been ranked among the top five medical schools in the United States for the past 17 years, according to U.S. News & World Report's survey of research-oriented medical schools. The School is consistently among the nation's top recipients of funding from the National Institutes of Health, with $392 million awarded in the 2013 fiscal year.

The University of Pennsylvania Health System's patient care facilities include: The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania -- recognized as one of the nation's top "Honor Roll" hospitals by U.S. News & World Report; Penn Presbyterian Medical Center; Chester County Hospital; Penn Wissahickon Hospice; and Pennsylvania Hospital -- the nation's first hospital, founded in 1751. Additional affiliated inpatient care facilities and services throughout the Philadelphia region include Chestnut Hill Hospital and Good Shepherd Penn Partners, a partnership between Good Shepherd Rehabilitation Network and Penn Medicine.

Penn Medicine is committed to improving lives and health through a variety of community-based programs and activities. In fiscal year 2013, Penn Medicine provided $814 million to benefit our community.