Addiction neuroscience leader reveals how brain circuits drive behavioral disorders

(Press-News.org) CHARLESTON, South Carolina, USA, 17 December 2024 - In a comprehensive Genomic Press Interview published today in Brain Medicine, renowned neuroscientist Dr. Peter Kalivas reveals crucial insights into how brain circuits drive addictive behaviors and discusses potential new drug targets for treating behavioral disorders.

Dr. Kalivas, Distinguished University Professor at the Medical University of South Carolina, has transformed our understanding of addiction neuroscience through his pioneering work on the tetrapartite synapse - a complex cellular structure that includes neurons, astroglia, and the extracellular matrix. His research has revolutionized how we conceptualize addiction treatment by identifying novel therapeutic targets beyond traditional neurotransmitter systems.

"Scientific research is a personal art form, akin to painting or any other endeavor where the thrill of discovery and exploration energizes you," Dr. Kalivas explains, reflecting on his research philosophy. "The hierarchy within science was largely irrelevant to discovery; rather, it was more important to be embedded in a team of colleagues from technicians to students to Principal Investigators who have varied perspectives that could shape my research."

Dr. Kalivas's groundbreaking work on the tetrapartite synapse has revealed new perspectives on how the brain's cellular environment influences addictive behaviors. His research examines how astroglia and the extracellular matrix - components often overlooked in traditional neuroscience - play crucial roles in regulating synaptic activity, particularly in brain regions associated with reward and addiction – this is also known as the tetrapartite synapse.

"The field of addiction neuroscience has evolved far beyond simply studying neurotransmitters," Dr. Kalivas explains. "We're now understanding how the entire cellular environment around synapses contributes to addictive behaviors. This opens up entirely new possibilities for therapeutic interventions."

Under his leadership as founding Chair of Neuroscience at the Medical University of South Carolina, Dr. Kalivas established a world-renowned research program that has trained generations of addiction scientists. His approach combines cutting-edge molecular techniques with innovative behavioral models, leading to fundamental discoveries about how substance use disorders develop and persist.

Of particular significance is his team's recent work developing new algorithms for modeling addiction-like behaviors. "By taking multiple traits together and clustering them into resilient and vulnerable subpopulations, we are isolating genetic and transcriptomic traits that may contribute to substance use disorders in humans," Dr. Kalivas notes, highlighting the potential clinical applications of this research.

The Genomic Press Interview explores both professional and personal aspects of Dr. Kalivas's scientific journey, revealing how his early experiences shaped his research interests. His father's gift of a microscope in fourth grade sparked a lifelong fascination with biology that eventually led to his pioneering work in neuroscience.

When discussing the future of addiction research, Dr. Kalivas emphasizes the importance of understanding individual differences in vulnerability to substance use disorders. His laboratory's work on preclinical behavioral models is paving the way for more personalized treatment approaches, a direction that could revolutionize addiction therapy.

"While translating discoveries into treatments has proven challenging throughout my career, I maintain optimism about our ability to develop more effective interventions," Dr. Kalivas reflects. "The complexity of addiction requires us to think beyond traditional approaches and consider the entire cellular and molecular environment of the brain."

The interview also explores Dr. Kalivas's perspectives on scientific culture and mentorship. His emphasis on collaborative research and the importance of diverse viewpoints has influenced how many laboratories approach addiction research today. "Focus, collaboration, and mutual respect are essential ingredients for scientific discovery," he shares.

Dr. Peter Kalivas’ Genomic Press interview is part of a larger series that highlights the people behind today’s most influential scientific ideas. Each interview in the series offers a blend of cutting-edge research and personal reflections, providing readers with a comprehensive view of the scientists shaping the future. By combining a focus on professional achievements with personal insights, this interview style invites a richer narrative that both engages and educates readers. This format provides an ideal starting point for profiles that explores the scientist’s impact on the field, while also touching on broader human themes. More information on the research leaders and research rising stars featured by Genomic Press can be found in our publication website: https://genomicpress.kglmeridian.com/.

The complete interview, titled "Peter W. Kalivas: To the tetrapartite synapse and beyond – A pathway for new drug targets to treat behavioral disorders," is available in the December 10, 2024 issue of Brain Medicine. The article is freely accessible online at https://doi.org/10.61373/bm024k.0133.

About Brain Medicine: Brain Medicine (ISSN: 2997-2639) is a peer-reviewed medical research journal published by Genomic Press, New York. Brain Medicine is a new home for the cross-disciplinary pathway from innovation in fundamental neuroscience to translational initiatives in brain medicine. The journal’s scope includes the underlying science, causes, outcomes, treatments, and societal impact of brain disorders, across all clinical disciplines and their interface.

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