PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

Community health workers can effectively manage children with malaria and pneumonia

Press release from PLoS Medicine

2010-09-22
(Press-News.org) Community Health Workers can safely and effectively provide integrated management of pneumonia and malaria to communities by dispensing amoxicillin to children with non-severe pneumonia and artemether-lumefantrine to children with malaria (after using rapid diagnostic tests). Furthermore, these activities result in a significant increase in the proportion of appropriately-timed antibiotic treatment for non-severe pneumonia and in a significant decrease in inappropriate use of antimalarials. These are the results from a study by Kojo Yeboah-Antwi from the Boston School of Public health, USA, and colleagues and published in this week's PLoS Medicine.

The authors conducted their study in Zambia where 3125 children with fever and/or fast breathing were managed by community health workers over a 12-month period. Community health workers were matched and randomly allocated to the intervention arm (in which community health workers performed rapid diagnostic tests, treated rapid diagnostic test-positive children with the anti-malarial drug, artemether-lumefantrine, and treated children with non-severe pneumonia with amoxicillin) and the control arm (in which community health workers did not perform rapid diagnostic tests, treated all febrile children with artemether-lumefantrine and referred those with signs of pneumonia to the health facility, as per the Zambian Ministry of Health policy.

A significant proportion of children managed in the intervention arm [68.2% (247/362)] received appropriately-timed antibiotic treatment for non-severe pneumonia compared to 13.3% (22/203) in the control arm. There was also a significant decrease in inappropriate use of antimalarials when treatment was based on the results of rapid diagnostic tests. In the intervention group 27.5% (265/963) of children with fever received malaria treatment compared to 99.1% (2066/2084) of children in the control group.

The authors conclude: "The capacity of [community health workers] to use [rapid diagnostic tests], artemether-lumefantrine and amoxicillin to manage both malaria and pneumonia at the community level is promising and has the potential to reduce over usage of artemether-lumefantrine as well as to provide early and appropriate treatment to children with non-severe pneumonia."

INFORMATION: Funding:The study was funded by United States Agency for International Development (http://www.usaid.gov) through Child and Family Applied Research project Cooperative Agreement GHSA-00-00020-00 with Boston University and the President's Malaria Initiative (http://www.fightingmalaria.gov). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing Interests: DHH owns shares in Inverness Medical Innovations, Inc., a company that makes diagnostic products including a malaria rapid diagnostic test. However, the rapid diagnostic tests used in this study were not produced by Inverness Medical innovations, Inc.

Citation: Yeboah-Antwi K, Pilingana P, Macleod WB, Semrau K, Siazeele K, et al. (2010) Community Case Management of Fever Due to Malaria and Pneumonia in Children Under Five in Zambia: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS Med 7(9): e1000340. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000340

IN YOUR COVERAGE PLEASE USE THIS URL TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO THE FREELY AVAILABLE PAPER: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000340

PRESS-ONLY PREVIEW OF THE ARTICLE:

CONTACT:

Kojo Yeboah-Antwi
Boston University
Center for Global Health and Development
801 Massachusetts Ave
3rd Floor
Boston, MA 02118
United States of America
617 414 1275
617-414-1261 (fax)
kyantwi@bu.edu


ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Too many systematic reviews?

2010-09-22
There are now 75 clinical trials and 11 systematic reviews of trials published every day, with no signs this pace is slowing. How will we ever cope?, ask Hilda Bastian, Paul Glasziou, and Sir Iain Chalmers in this week's PLoS Medicine, who also decry the continued poor quality of many of these studies. Analysing the history and growth of reviews of evidence, the authors recommend that we must now reduce unnecessary trials and prioritise truly systematic review of the literature, so that the needs of patients, clinicians, and policymakers are met. "Streamlining and innovation ...

Asian efforts in AIDS vaccine development step up

2010-09-22
Regional efforts towards an AIDS vaccine must be strengthened and harmonized, says a new article in this week's PLoS Medicine Magazine. Yiming Shao from the National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention in Beijing, China and colleagues from a range of Asian and international agencies announce the formation of AVAN—the AIDS Vaccine for Asia Network—that aims to strengthen its regional efforts in finding an AIDS vaccine. The authors say that AVAN has been set up to help facilitate the development of a regional AIDS vaccine strategy that will: accelerate research ...

Self-management counseling for patients with heart failure does not improve outcomes

2010-09-22
Patients with mild to moderate heart failure who received educational materials and self-management counseling in an attempt to improve adherence to medical advice did not have a reduced rate of death or hospitalization compared to patients who received educational materials alone, according to a study in the September 22/29 issue of JAMA. There have been advances in the development of effective therapies for heart failure, but challenges remain in the delivery of these therapies to patients. "Patient nonadherence to heart failure drugs ranges from 30 percent to 60 percent ...

Shorter biological marker length in aplastic anemia patients linked to higher relapse, death rates

2010-09-22
Among patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for severe aplastic anemia (a condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce blood cells), the length of telomeres (chromosome markers of biological aging) was not related to the response to treatment but was associated with a higher rate of relapse (return to low blood cell counts) and lower overall survival, according to a study in the September 22/29 issue of JAMA. Severe aplastic anemia is characterized by life-threatening cytopenias (blood cell count below normal), but this condition can be treated by bone ...

Risk of infection after ultrasound-guided procedures is low, study suggests

2010-09-22
The incidence of serious infection after common ultrasound-guided procedures, such as biopsy, fine-needle aspiration (a form of biopsy) and thoracentesis (procedure involving needle drainage of the chest cavity) is low, according to a study in the October issue of the American Journal of Roentgenology (www.ajronline.org). Ultrasound imaging, also called ultrasound scanning or sonography, involves exposing part of the body to high-frequency sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body. "Ultrasound-guided procedures are safe, effective and accurate in that ...

Adverse cardiac events are rare after a negative cardiac CTA exam, study suggests

2010-09-22
Adverse cardiac events are rare one year after patients are admitted to the emergency room with low-to-moderate risk chest pain and are discharged due to a negative cardiac computed tomography angiogram (CTA), according to a study in the October issue of the American Journal of Roentgenology (www.ajronline.org). Cardiac CTA is a noninvasive heart-imaging test that determines whether fatty deposits or calcium deposits have built up in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. Earlier discharge of patients with low-to-moderate risk chest pain after ...

Rethinking how hospitals react when a patient's health deteriorates

2010-09-22
The growing use of rapid response teams dispatched by hospitals to evaluate patients whose conditions have suddenly deteriorated may be masking systemic problems in how hospitals care for their sickest patients, says a prominent Johns Hopkins patient safety expert. In a commentary published in the Sept. 22 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, Peter Pronovost, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of anesthesiology and critical care medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and co-author Eugene Litvak, Ph.D., president of the Institute for Healthcare ...

Ecologists find new clues on climate change in 150-year-old pressed plants

Ecologists find new clues on climate change in 150-year-old pressed plants
2010-09-22
Plants picked up to 150 years ago by Victorian collectors and held by the million in herbarium collections across the world could become a powerful – and much needed – new source of data for studying climate change, according to research published this week in the British Ecological Society's Journal of Ecology. The scarcity of reliable long-term data on phenology – the study of natural climate-driven events such as the timing of trees coming into leaf or plants flowering each spring – has hindered scientists' understanding of how species respond to climate change. But ...

Ultrashort laser ablation enables novel metal films

2010-09-22
Washington, D.C. (September 21, 2010) -- Laser ablation is well known in medical applications like dermatology and dentistry, and for more than a decade it has been used to vaporize materials that are difficult to evaporate for high-tech applications like deposition of superconductors. Now researchers in the Journal of Applied Physics, which is published by the American Institute of Physics have studied the properties of femtosecond laser ablation plumes to better understand how to apply them to specialized films. Salvatore Amoruso at University of Naples, Italy and ...

Certain doped-oxide ceramics resist Ohm's Law

2010-09-22
Washington, D.C. (September 21, 2010) -- For months, Anthony West could hardly believe what he and his colleagues were seeing in the lab -- or the only explanation for the unexpected phenomena that seemed to make sense. Several of the slightly doped high-purity barium titanate (BT) ceramics his research group was investigating were not following the venerable Ohm's Law, which relates electrical voltage to current and resistance. Applying or removing a voltage caused a gradual change in the materials' electrical resistance. The new effect was seen consistently regardless ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

Study outlines key role of national and EU policy to control emissions from German hydrogen economy

Beloved Disney classics convey an idealized image of fatherhood

Sensitive ceramics for soft robotics

Trends in hospitalizations and liver transplants associated with alcohol-induced liver disease

Spinal cord stimulation vs medical management for chronic back and leg pain

Engineered receptors help the immune system home in on cancer

How conflicting memories of sex and starvation compete to drive behavior

Scientists discover ‘entirely unanticipated’ role of protein netrin1 in spinal cord development

Novel SOURCE study examining development of early COPD in ages 30 to 55

NRL completes development of robotics capable of servicing satellites, enabling resilience for the U.S. space infrastructure

Clinical trial shows positive results for potential treatment to combat a challenging rare disease

New research shows relationship between heart shape and risk of cardiovascular disease

Increase in crisis coverage, but not the number of crisis news events

New study provides first evidence of African children with severe malaria experiencing partial resistance to world’s most powerful malaria drug

Texting abbreviations makes senders seem insincere, study finds

Living microbes discovered in Earth’s driest desert

Artemisinin partial resistance in Ugandan children with complicated malaria

When is a hole not a hole? Researchers investigate the mystery of 'latent pores'

ETRI, demonstration of 8-photon qubit chip for quantum computation

Remote telemedicine tool found highly accurate in diagnosing melanoma

New roles in infectious process for molecule that inhibits flu

Transforming anion exchange membranes in water electrolysis for green hydrogen production

AI method can spot potential disease faster, better than humans

A development by Graz University of Technology makes concreting more reliable, safer and more economical

Pinpointing hydrogen isotopes in titanium hydride nanofilms

Political abuse on X is a global, widespread, and cross-partisan phenomenon, suggests new study

Reintroduction of resistant frogs facilitates landscape-scale recovery in the presence of a lethal fungal disease

Scientists compile library for evaluating exoplanet water

Updated first aid guidelines enhance care for opioid overdose, bleeding, other emergencies

Revolutionizing biology education: Scientists film ‘giant’ mimivirus in action

[Press-News.org] Community health workers can effectively manage children with malaria and pneumonia
Press release from PLoS Medicine