Researchers studied the electronic health records of more than 40,000 patients who had a first-time knee replacement from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2009. Of the patients studied, 12.5 percent had controlled diabetes, 6.2 percent had uncontrolled diabetes and 81.3 percent did not have diabetes. In contrast to the findings of previous studies, researchers on this study found those with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes who underwent a total knee replacement were at no increased risk of complications such as follow-up surgery (also known as revision arthroplasty), deep infection, or blood clots in the legs or lungs, when compared to patients without diabetes.
"We are fortunate to do our research in a real-world setting that helps us to find real-world solutions for our patients," said Annette L. Adams, PhD, MPH, of the Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation. "This current study suggests that patients with diabetes who have higher glucose levels may not be at greater risk of poor surgical outcomes. This finding will help physicians and their patients with diabetes make better informed decisions about total knee replacement as an option."
Adams also noted that one of the elements that differentiated this study from previous research was that the Kaiser Permanente patients with diabetes had better glycemic control than previous study populations. "We have good quality of care, and good chronic disease management," Adams said, "and in this setting, glycemic control had little impact on the outcome of total knee replacement surgery."
The study also found that among the approximately 28 percent of patients who did experience adverse outcomes in the year after surgery, 27.1 percent were rehospitalized for any reason, 1.1 percent underwent follow-up surgery, 1 percent had a heart attack, 0.7 percent developed a deep infection while 0.5 percent had blood clots in the legs and lungs within the first 90 days after surgery.
"While this study puts us one step closer to understanding diabetes-related complications associated with surgical procedures, more research is needed to determine what aspects of diabetes are associated with adverse outcomes," said Robert Namba, MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Kaiser Permanente Southern California. "It is important to note that patients with diabetes remain at high risk of a number of poor health outcomes affecting many organ systems and clinicians should continue to review all available information about the overall health and stability of these vulnerable patients."
The study was sponsored by Kaiser Permanente's Center for Effectiveness and Safety Research, The Center facilitates inter-regional research conducted by the research programs in each of Kaiser Permanente's eight regions (Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, Mid-Atlantic States, Northern California, Northwest, Ohio, and Southern California). Through investments in infrastructure and specific projects, the center takes advantage of Kaiser Permanente's talented research teams, rich data assets, and integrated delivery system to contribute to the knowledge base in comparative effectiveness and safety.
"This work illustrates how Kaiser Permanente is realizing the promise of a learning healthcare organization," said Elizabeth McGlynn, PhD, director of the Center for Effectiveness and Safety Research. "We are bringing together our clinical leaders and the Kaiser Permanente research community to answer questions that are critical for ensuring high-quality patient care."
The study was conducted using the Kaiser Permanente Total Joint Replacement Registry, which now has more than 160,000 total joint arthroplasty procedures registered. Since its inception in 2001, Kaiser Permanente's registry has helped health care providers identify clinical best practices, evaluate and monitor patient outcomes and risk factors associated with revision surgeries, and assess the clinical effectiveness of implants. Developed in association with Kaiser Permanente's surgeons, the registry's data is collected prospectively through standardized documentation by surgeons and supplemented by the organization's electronic health records.
Kaiser Permanente's implant registries, which include the Total Joint Replacement Registry, recently won the 2012 annual John M. Eisenberg Patient Safety and Quality Award, sponsored by The National Quality Forum and The Joint Commission. These registries are models of integration across medical centers in nine states and they represent strong partnerships among health plan administration, hospitals, and physician medical groups united to improve the quality of care for patients.
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Other study authors included: Jean Q. Wang, MS, Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation; Elizabeth W. Paxton, MA, Surgical Outcomes and Analysis, Southern California Permanente Medical Group Clinical Analysis; Eric S. Johnson, PhD, Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research; Elizabeth A. Bayliss, MD, MSPH, Kaiser Permanente Colorado Institute for Health Research; Assiamira Ferrara, MD, PhD, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research; Cynthia Nakasato, MD, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii Center for Health Research; and, Stefano A. Bini, MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
About the Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation
The Department of Research & Evaluation conducts high-quality, innovative research into disease etiology, prevention, treatment and care delivery. Investigators conduct epidemiology, health sciences and behavioral research as well as clinical trials. Areas of interest include diabetes and obesity, cancer, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, aging and cognition, pregnancy outcomes, women's and children's health, quality and safety, and pharmacoepidemiology. Located in Pasadena, Calif., the department focuses on translating research to practice quickly to benefit the health and lives of Kaiser Permanente Southern California members and the general population. Visit www.kp.org/research.
About Kaiser Permanente
Kaiser Permanente is committed to helping shape the future of health care. We are recognized as one of America's leading health care providers and nonprofit health plans. Founded in 1945, our mission is to provide high-quality, affordable health care services and to improve the health of our members and the communities we serve. We serve approximately 9 million members in 9 states and the District of Columbia. Care for members and patients is focused on their total health and guided by their personal physicians, specialists and team of caregivers. Our expert and caring medical teams are empowered and supported by industry-leading technology advances and tools for health promotion, disease prevention, state-of-the-art care delivery and world-class chronic disease management. Kaiser Permanente is dedicated to care innovations, clinical research, health education and the support of community health. For more information, go to www.kp.org/newscenter. END
