Key points White sharks exhibit stark differences between the DNA in their nuclei and the DNA in their mitochondria. Until now, scientists have pointed to the migration patterns of great whites to explain these differences. Scientists tested this theory in a new study by analyzing genetic differences between global white shark populations. In doing so, they discovered that great whites were restricted to a single population in the Indo-Pacific Ocean at the end of the last ice age 10,000 years ago and have since expanded to their current global distribution. The results also invalidate the migration theory, but an alternative explanation remains elusive. White sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) ...

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. (Aug. 5, 2025) — For cancer- and infection-fighting T cells, glucose offers far more than a simple sugar rush.   A new discovery by Van Andel Institute scientists reveals that glucose, an essential cellular fuel that powers immune cells, also aids in T cells’ internal communication and boosts their cancer-fighting properties. The findings may help optimize T cells’ ability to combat cancer and other diseases. A study describing the work published today in Cell Metabolism.   “Immune cells are highly influenced by their environment” ...

The experts, business leaders, and policymakers shaping the future of America’s energy industry will convene at the 11th annual Energy Symposium presented by the Kay Bailey Hutchison Energy Center at The University of Texas at Austin on Friday, Sept. 12. Registration is open to the public. Themed “The Energy Imperative,” this year’s symposium invites guests to meaningful conversations around the opportunities and challenges in the rapidly evolving energy space. Speakers and panelists will consider how the latest advances in energy innovation, security, and investment are being put to the test. “UT Austin is one of the nation’s ...

Perovskite semiconductors are an exciting new material for use in solar cells. They are extremely thin and flexible, easy and inexpensive to manufacture, and highly efficient. However, two hurdles must be overcome before perovskite solar cells can be marketed on a large scale: firstly, they are not yet stable over decades, and secondly, the most powerful perovskite materials contain lead. An interesting, non-toxic alternative being investigated at HZB is tin perovskite solar cells, which are potentially more stable than their lead-containing counterparts. Thanks to their special electro-optical properties, they are particularly well suited to tandem ...

It might be humbling to consider, but cockroaches and people have more in common than we knew. Biologists at the University of Cincinnati discovered that some cockroaches, like people, need more sleep when they’re pregnant. And baby cockroaches need the mom to sleep longer for proper development. The study was published in the Journal of Experimental Biology. “A lot of us take adequate sleep for granted because we don’t usually experience an immediate adverse effect of sleep deprivation,” said study co-author Oluwaseun Ajayi, a postdoctoral researcher in UC’s College of Arts and Sciences. “The truth is the health consequences ...

As companies increasingly compete on the basis of technology, brand, and knowledge, a new study reveals that the effectiveness of corporate boards plays a critical role in maximizing the value of intangible assets—especially during international expansion through acquisitions. In a study recently published in the Global Strategy Journal, researchers Xavier Martin (Tilburg University) and Tao Han (emlyon business school) analyzed 675 cross-border acquisitions by U.S. public firms to understand how intangible assets contribute to firm value abroad—and under what conditions. Their findings are clear: while firms with high R&D and advertising intensity ...

Stress internalization is a significant risk factor for age-related cognitive decline in older Chinese Americans, according to Rutgers Health researchers.   The study, published in The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease by researchers from the Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, examined multiple risk and resilience factors associated with cognitive decline in Chinese adults older than 60.   Researchers chose to study this population because older Chinese Americans are historically underrepresented ...

Primates - the group of animals that includes monkeys, apes and humans - first evolved in cold, seasonal climates around 66 million years ago, not in the warm tropical forests scientists previously believed.  Researchers from the University of Reading used statistical modelling and fossil data to reconstruct ancient environments and trace where the common ancestors of all modern primates lived.   The study, published today (Tuesday, 5 August) in the journal PNAS, says these first primates most likely lived in North America in a cold climate with hot summers and freezing winters, overturning the long-held "warm tropical ...

It’s known as biology’s central dogma: All living organisms’ genetic information is stored in DNA, which is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins that perform nearly all essential tasks in a cell. A tiny cellular machine called the ribosome builds a protein until it’s signaled to stop, and the protein is released into the cell through a reaction with a water molecule. But scientists have long puzzled over one detail: If all it takes is a water molecule to release the finished protein, why doesn’t it happen by accident? Now researchers ...

For a wide variety of earthquake scenarios in Alaska, an earthquake early warning (EEW) system could provide at least 10 seconds of warning time for hazardous shaking, according to a new report. Increasing the density and improving the spacing of seismic stations around the state could add 5 to 15 seconds to these estimated warning times, write Alexander Fozkos and Michael West at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Alaska experiences tens of thousands of earthquakes each year, and has been the site some of the world’s largest and most destructive seismic events. The study’s findings published in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America could help ...

Young chimpanzees learn their communication style from their mother and maternal relatives, but show little similarity to the communication behavior of their father and paternal relatives, according to a study publishing August 5th in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Joseph Mine at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, and colleagues. Human children learn how to communicate as they develop, and their communication behavior is heavily influenced by their main caregivers. Although chimpanzees also communicate ...

A new study finds that kids with obesity are more likely to have obese parents because they inherit obesity-related genes, and to a smaller extent, are impacted indirectly by genes carried by the mother – even when those genes aren’t passed down. A new study led by Liam Wright of the University College London, UK, and colleagues, reports these findings August 5th in the open-access journal PLOS Genetics. Studies commonly show that children with obesity often have parents with obesity, but the cause of this trend has been poorly understood. ...

A mother’s genetics may play a bigger role in determining whether a child becomes overweight than a father’s, as a result of a concept known as genetic nurture, finds a new study led by UCL researchers. Published in PLOS Genetics, the study analysed genetic and health data from 2,621 UK families in the Millennium Cohort Study, a UK birth cohort study of individuals born in 2001/02.  Researchers investigated how parents’ body mass index (BMI) and related genes influence their children’s weight and diet from birth to age 17. To do this, the team examined the association between parental BMI and ...

Zhou Receives Funding For Novel Performance Profiling & Analysis Infrastructure For Scientific Deep Learning Workloads Keren Zhou, Assistant Professor, Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computing (CEC), received funding for the project: “Collaborative Research: Elements: DLToolkit: A Novel Performance Profiling and Analysis Infrastructure for Scientific Deep Learning Workloads.”  The rapid adoption of deep learning (DL)-driven artificial intelligence (AI) applications makes it more crucial than ever ...

Sleeter Receives Funding For Revolutionary War Teaching Guides Nathan Sleeter, Research Assistant Professor, History and Art History, Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media (RRCHNM), College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS), received funding for: “Revolutionary War Teaching Guides.” Sleeter will develop the teaching guides which use Library of Congress primary sources to support educators on the topic of Black and Indigenous Americans during the Revolutionary War. Sleeter will also engage in outreach to promote the guides with educators.  He will use sources such as diaries, ...

The research and design of an adjustable multispectral compatible infrared camouflage device based on the infrared radiation characteristics of Rosaceae plants, aims to achieve multifunctional compatibility of infrared camouflage, thermal management, laser stealth, and visible light camouflage. The device design employs a particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with the finite difference time domain method to obtain structural parameters: Cr/In3SbTe2(IST)/Ge/TiO2/Ge/ZnS (top cylindrical).Through experimental verification, it is demonstrated that in the amorphous state (aIST), the device can achieve simulated plant ...

Professor Xufeng Jing’s research team at China Jiliang University has conducted a systematic study on wireless communication technologies based on metasurfaces. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the working principles and classifications of passive, active, and semi-active metasurfaces, with a particular focus on how digital-coded metasurfaces achieve precise control over the phase and polarization of electromagnetic waves through dynamic tuning of unit structures.  The research team emphasizes the core advantages of metasurfaces in wireless communication, including miniaturization, ...

Greenacres, FL and London, UK — July 31, 2025 Tharos Ltd today announced encouraging exploratory findings from a small, uncontrolled pilot evaluation of its enzyme‑rich malt extract (ERME), marketed as EquiNectar® for horses and CaniNectar® for dogs, and sold since 2018 as an animal feed supplement. Over four weeks, stool 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed a directional decline in low‑abundance sequence reads annotated to the genus Borrelia in a subset of animals. While stool‑based, genus‑level annotations are not diagnostic for Lyme disease or a measure of systemic organism burden, the coherence of these signals—together ...

Self-driving cars know their own way in unpredictable traffic, thanks to path planning technology. Among current AI-driven efforts to make path planning more efficient and reliable, a research team has developed an optimization method proven especially effective in uncertain environments. The results were published June 3 under the title “Action-Curiosity-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Path Planning in a Nondeterministic Environment” in Intelligent Computing, a Science Partner Journal. The team evaluated their method in a realistic ...

As use of the popular anti-diabetic and weight-loss drug Ozempic skyrockets, so have concerns about the medication’s side effects. One such side effect is loss of “lean mass”—body weight that isn’t fat—raising concerns that Ozempic could be reducing muscle mass and strength. New research in mice suggests that muscle mass changes less than expected, but muscles may still get weaker, pointing out an urgent need for clinical studies to pin down the full effects of the popular medications. “If we want to really help the individuals ...

About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that policies for insurance coverage of supplemental screening based on breast density may have limited ability to improve early detection for Black women.  Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Anne Marie McCarthy, ScM, PhD, email annemcc@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.   (doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.25216) Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, ...

About The Study: In this cross-sectional study, structural disparities in rapid emergency medical services (EMS) access were associated with historically redlined areas. Strategic resource allocation and system redesign are warranted to address these inequities in prehospital emergency care.  Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Cherisse Berry, MD, email cherisse.berry@rutgers.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.25681) Editor’s ...

A critical water source for vast areas of the Northern Territory is drying at an accelerating rate, according to new findings, with losses clearly visible from space. The Cambrian Limestone Aquifer (CLA) is a large, interconnected limestone system containing high-quality groundwater that supports numerous NT rivers, towns, Indigenous communities, pastoral enterprises, and irrigated agriculture. But the findings, published in a new study led by Griffith University researchers, show the aquifer has experienced significant water loss since 2014, reaching its lowest recorded storage level in 2021 (the end of the study period). The study draws on two decades ...

What looks like a microscopic dance battle is actually a life-or-death strategy. In scalding hot water rushing through narrow channels, some bacteria have evolved a surprising survival technique: they cling to surfaces, stand upright, and sway rhythmically—like tiny street dancers fighting the flow. Watch the video of the bacterial “reverse-flow dance”: https://youtu.be/JDN28g-aE78 This dramatic behavior was captured for the first time on video by a team led by Dr. Daisuke Nakane, Associate Professor at the University of Electro-Communications in Tokyo, in collaboration with Professors Masatada Tamakoshi and Ryota Morikawa at ...

A groundbreaking study has provided new insights into the forces that cause tectonic movements in Europe’s most seismically active regions. Researchers used advanced satellite data to track land movements in Greece, western Turkey and the southern Balkan countries. “This is crucial information for assessing the risk of major earthquakes.” Friction Tectonic plates diverge, converge, or move past each other in opposing directions at speeds of 0.1 to 90 millimetres per year. At many plate boundaries, rocks on both sides of the fault remain stuck for decades or centuries while the plates continue to move. This causes material stress ...