(Press-News.org) DNA altering enzyme is essential for blood cell development
The expression of specific genes is partially dictated by the way the DNA is packed into chromatin, a tightly packed combination of DNA and proteins known as histones. HDAC3 is a chromatin-modifying enzyme that regulates gene expression, chromatin structure, and genome instability and it has previously been shown to associate with the oncoproteins that drive leukemia and lymphoma. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Scott Hiebert and colleagues at Vanderbilt University examined the role of HDAC3 in the development of blood cells (hematopoiesis) by disrupting the expression of Hdac3. Loss of Hdac3 nearly eliminated all blood immune cells and caused mild anemia. Hiebert and colleagues observed that, in the absence of Hdac3, stem and progenitor cells, which give rise to blood cells, failed to grow normally. These studies identify a role for HDAC3 in stem cell functions and possibly bone marrow failure syndromes, in which the bone marrow fails to produce blood cells.
TITLE: HDAC3 is essential for DNA replication in hematopoietic progenitor cells
AUTHOR CONTACT:
Scott Hiebert
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
Phone: 615.936.3582; Fax: 615-936.1750; E-mail: scott.hiebert@vanderbilt.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/60806?key=51732e44292f61add1c3
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is known to be associated with memory loss and neuronal degeneration, but the mechanism of Aβ pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers led by Yong-Keun Jung at Seoul National University demonstrate that Aβ binds to a cellular protein known as FCγRIIb. Greater levels of FCγRIIb were detected in the brains of AD patients. Binding of Aβ to FCγRIIb activated cell stress and death pathways. In a mouse model of AD, depletion of FCγRIIb ameliorated memory impairment. This study demonstrates that FCγRIIb plays a critical role in AD pathogenesis.
TITLE: FcγRIIb mediates amyloid-β neurotoxicity and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
AUTHOR CONTACT: Yong-Keun Jung
Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
Phone: +82-2-880-4401; E-mail: ykjung@snu.ac.kr
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/66827?key=09875f41f10ff79d5f1e
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Transcription factor ATF3 links host adaptive response to breast cancer metastasis
AUTHOR CONTACT:
Tsonwin Hai
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Phone: 614-292-2910; Fax: 614-292-5379; E-mail: tsonwin.hai@osumc.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/64410?key=6b62d754865e0751ec4b
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Reciprocal regulation by TLR4 and TGF-ß in tumor-initiating stem-like cells
AUTHOR CONTACT:
Keigo Machida
Keck School of Medicine - University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Phone: 323-443-2692; E-mail: kmachida@usc.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/65859?key=bc2ba9aa926a1c23e6f9
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Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
AUTHOR CONTACT:
Charles Mullighan
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
Phone: 901-595-3387; E-mail: Charles.Mullighan@STJUDE.ORG
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/66203?key=2c6ee5b120aa14e3bc26
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DISC1 and SLC12A2 interaction affects human hippocampal function and connectivity
AUTHOR CONTACT:
Joseph Callicott
NIMH, DIRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
Phone: 301-633-1436; Fax: 301-480-7795; E-mail: callicottj@mail.nih.gov
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/67510?key=a8e4fb04dcd9321ca0af
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Metabolic stress regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and metastasis of cancer cells
AUTHOR CONTACT:
Dario C. Altieri
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Phone: 215-495-6970; E-mail: daltieri@wistar.org
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/67841?key=227b86a3c20385625a79
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Type 2 alveolar cells are stem cells in adult lung
AUTHOR CONTACT:
Brigid Hogan
Duke medical center, Durham, NC, USA
Phone: 919 684 8085; E-mail: brigid.hogan@dm.duke.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/68782?key=a7b4317174a574a8de03
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Transcription factor NRF2 regulates miR-1 and miR-206 to drive tumorigenesis
AUTHOR CONTACT:
Shyam Biswal
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Phone: 410-955-4728; E-mail: sbiswal@jhsph.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/66353?key=92077a338c57eb874662
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The expression of specific genes is partially dictated by the way the DNA is packed into chromatin, a tightly packed combination of DNA and proteins known as histones. HDAC3 is a chromatin-modifying enzyme that regulates gene expression, chromatin structure, and genome instability and it has previously been shown to associate with the oncoproteins that drive leukemia and lymphoma. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Scott Hiebert and colleagues at Vanderbilt University examined the role of HDAC3 in the development of blood cells (hematopoiesis) by disrupting ...
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is known to be associated with memory loss and neuronal degeneration, but the mechanism of Aβ pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers led by Yong-Keun Jung at Seoul National University demonstrate that Aβ binds to a cellular protein known as FCγRIIb. Greater levels of FCγRIIb were detected in the brains of AD patients. Binding of Aβ to FCγRIIb activated cell stress and death pathways. ...
Agri-environment schemes aimed to promote biodiversity on farmland have positive effects on wild bees, hoverflies and butterflies. Effects on diversity and abundance were strongest when agri-environment schemes prescribed sowing wild-flowers, the more flowering species the better. Organic farms, set-aside land or fields receiving reduced amounts of fertilizer and pesticides generally hosted more wild pollinators than conventionally farmed land. Jeroen Scheper of Alterra Research Institute and colleagues demonstrated this by analysing the results of 71 studies that had looked ...
Lone people standing in a ballroom don't tend to move a lot. It's only when they find a suitable dance partner that rapid motion sets in. Atoms on iron-oxide surfaces behave in a similar way: Only with the right molecular partner do they dance across the surface. Scientists at the Vienna University of Technology have now filmed the atoms, proving that carbon monoxide is the partner responsible for the quick motion. Their movies show that the motion leads directly to clustering – an effect that can do great harm in catalysts. The findings have now been published in the journal ...
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — In India most people who are HIV positive don't know it, yet testing and treatment are relatively cheap and available. It would therefore meet international standards of cost-effectiveness — and save millions of lives for decades — to test every person in the billion-plus population every five years according to a new study published in the journal PLoS One.
The findings are based on a careful analysis of India's HIV epidemic using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications (CEPAC) International model, a sophisticated ...
African medicinal plants contain chemicals that may be able to stop the spread of cancer cells. This is the conclusion of researchers following laboratory experiments conducted at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU). The plant materials will now undergo further analysis in order to evaluate their therapeutic potential. "The active substances present in African medicinal plants may be capable of killing off tumor cells that are resistant to more than one drug. They thus represent an excellent starting point for the development of new therapeutic treatments for cancers ...
Butterflies are extremely sensitive to changes in temperature and new research has revealed that when summer weather turns bad the silver-spotted skipper battles for survival. The butterfly, which previously faced extinction from habitat loss, is recovering following conservation efforts but the recent cool wet summers in England have almost stalled its progress.
A 27 year study by researchers at the University of Exeter in collaboration with the University of York, the University of Liverpool, Sussex Wildlife Trust, the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and the charity Butterfly ...
The research team demonstrated a novel method to epitaxially synthesize structurally and compositionally homogeneous and spatially uniform ternary InAsyP1-y nanowire on Si at wafer-scale using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The high quality of the nanowires is reflected in the remarkably narrow PL and X-ray peak width and extremely low ideality factor in the InAsyP1-y nanowire/Si diode.
A nanowire is a nanostructure with a diameter of the order of a nanometer (10-9 meters). Alternatively, nanowires can be defined as structures that have a thickness or ...
A landmark study of the Swedish population has given a clearer picture of important risk factors for suicide.
The study, a collaboration between Lund University in Sweden and Stanford University, showed that the rate of suicide among men is almost three times that of women. Being young, single and having a low level of education were stronger risk factors for suicide among men, while mental illness was a stronger risk factor among women. Unemployment was the strongest social risk factor among women, whereas being single was the strongest among men.
Because the study ...
A single cell in our body is composed of thousands of millions of different biomolecules that work together in an extremely well-coordinated way. Likewise, many biological and biochemical reactions occur only if molecules are present at very high concentrations. Understanding how all these molecules interact with each other is key to advancing our knowledge in molecular and cell biology. This knowledge is of central and fundamental importance in the quest for the detection of the earliest stages of many human diseases. As such, one of ultimate goals in Life Sciences and ...
