Simple ultrasound treatment may help protect the kidneys

Therapy might prevent kidney injury that often arises following major surgery

2013-08-02

(Press-News.org) Washington, DC (August 1, 2013) — Ultrasound treatments may prevent acute kidney injury that commonly arises after major surgery, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN). The findings suggest that this simple and noninvasive therapy may be an effective precaution for patients at risk.

Acute kidney injury, an abrupt decline in kidney function, is an increasingly prevalent and potentially serious condition in hospitalized patients. Sometimes acute kidney injury arises after major surgery because the kidneys can be deprived of normal blood flow during the procedure. Once the injury develops, patients have few established treatment options besides supportive care.

Mark Okusa, MD, Joseph Gigliotti, PhD (University of Virginia), and their colleagues found that a drug-free, noninvasive, ultrasound-based treatment could prevent acute kidney injury in mice. When they exposed anesthetized mice to ultrasound with a routine clinical imaging system 24 hours prior to blood disruption to the kidneys, the mice exhibited preserved kidney health after blood flow was restored. In contrast, sham-treated mice exhibited significant kidney injury. Further analyses revealed that the ultrasound treatment likely stimulated an anti-inflammatory response that originated from the spleen and was responsible for protecting the kidneys.

"Our studies using noninvasive ultrasound now provide us with an active treatment that appears to be simple, effective, and nontoxic for the prevention of acute kidney injury," said Dr. Okusa. "To our knowledge this has never been described for the prevention of tissue or organ injury. Interestingly, we suspect that similar mechanisms that lead to kidney injury may also lead to lung, heart, and liver damage and that this form of therapy might be effective for prevention of injury in other organs as well."

In an accompanying editorial, Alain Le Moine, MD, PhD (Erasme Hospital, in Belgium) and his colleagues noted that opportunities arising from the work are numerous and promising because many procedures that carry a very high risk of AKI are planned. "In searching for novel approaches to prevent and even cure AKI, we believe that splenic ultrasound stimulation has a bright future ahead," they wrote.

### Study co-authors include Liping Huang, Hong Ye, Amandeep Bajwa, PhD, Kryt Chattrabhuti, MD, Sangju Lee, MD, Alexander Klibanov, PhD, Kambiz Kalantari, MD, MPH, and Diane Rosin, PhD.

Mark Okusa has the following disclosures: AM Pharma, Nature Publishing Group, Lilly, Daiichi-Sankyo, American Physiological Society, International Society of Nephrology, PGX Health/Adenosine Therapeutics, LLC, UVA Patent Office Alexander Klibanov has the following disclosures: Targeson, Inc, Philips Research. The research was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

The article, entitled "Ultrasound Prevents Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Stimulating the Splenic Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway," will appear online at http://jasn.asnjournals.org/ on August 1, 2013, doi: 10.1681/ASN2013010084.

The editorial, entitled "Ultrasonic Stimulation of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway for Renal Protection," will appear online at http://jasn.asnjournals.org/ on August 1, 2013, doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013060603.

The content of this article does not reflect the views or opinions of The American Society of Nephrology (ASN). Responsibility for the information and views expressed therein lies entirely with the author(s). ASN does not offer medical advice. All content in ASN publications is for informational purposes only, and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions, or adverse effects. This content should not be used during a medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. Please consult your doctor or other qualified health care provider if you have any questions about a medical condition, or before taking any drug, changing your diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Do not ignore or delay obtaining professional medical advice because of information accessed through ASN. Call 911 or your doctor for all medical emergencies.

Founded in 1966, and with more than 14,000 members, the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) leads the fight against kidney disease by educating health professionals, sharing new knowledge, advancing research, and advocating the highest quality care for patients.

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[Press-News.org] Simple ultrasound treatment may help protect the kidneys
Therapy might prevent kidney injury that often arises following major surgery