JCI early table of contents for Oct. 15, 2013
2013-10-15
(Press-News.org) Sound preconditioning prevents ototoxic drug-induced hearing loss in mice
The death of sensory hair cells in the ear results in irreversible hearing loss. Several classes of drugs, including aminoglycoside antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs are known to kill hair cells; however, in many cases the benefit of using the drug outweighs the potential for hearing loss. Previous research has shown that a class of proteins induced in response to cell stress, the heat shock proteins (HSPs), can protect against sensory hair cell death in response to ototoxic drugs. Despite understanding how HSPs protect the hair cells of the inner ear, there are no current therapies to induce expression of or deliver HSP directly to the inner ear. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Lisa Cunningham and colleagues at the National Institutes of Health developed a sound preconditioning protocol in mice that did not damage hearing, but induced HSP expression in the ear. They found that sound conditioning prior to treatment with ototoxic drugs, protected mice from drug-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, sound preconditioning resulted in increased expression of HSPs in the inner ear. Together, these data indicate that sound therapy may protect hearing in patients that require treatment with ototoxic drugs.
TITLE: Sound preconditioning therapy inhibits ototoxic hearing loss in mice
AUTHOR CONTACT: Lisa L. Cunningham
NIH/NIDCD, Rockville, MD, USA
Phone: 3014432766; E-mail: lisa.cunningham@nih.gov
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/71353?key=a2b6f7687aa43c459a9f
Bone loss associated with increased production of ROS
Bone is constantly being broken down and remodeled. Osteoporosis results when bone resorption outpaces bone regeneration. Production of reactive oxygen species, a form of oxidative stress, has been predicted to promote bone loss, but a source of reactive oxygen is unknown. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Katrin Schröder and colleagues at Goethe-University identify a relationship between NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), an enzyme that promotes reactive oxygen species formation, and bone resorption. In a mouse model of osteoporosis, genetic disruption or drug-induced loss of NOX4 protected the mice from bone loss. Additionally, the authors identify a small nuclear polymorphism in NOX4 in human patients that associated with increased bone turnover. Together, these data suggest treatments targeting NOX4 activity may benefit osteoporosis patients.
TITLE: NADPH oxidase 4 limits bone mass by promoting osteoclastogenesis
AUTHOR CONTACT: Katrin Schröder
Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, UNK, DEU
Phone: 004969630183660; E-mail: schroeder@vrc.uni-frankfurt.de
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/67603?key=b63670ba8b7f0b31366d
ALSO IN THIS ISSUE
TITLE: Type III TGF-β receptor promotes FGF2-mediated neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma
AUTHOR CONTACT: Gerard C. Blobe
Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
Phone: (919) 668-1352; Fax: (919) 681-6906; E-mail: blobe001@mc.duke.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/69657?key=3c48ae0c7412e1ff480c
TITLE: Induction of myelodysplasia by myeloid-derived suppressor cells
AUTHOR CONTACT: Sheng Wei
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
Phone: 813-745-3934; Fax: 813-745-7264; E-mail: sheng.wei@moffitt.org
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/67580?key=e7fd55be719d248e14af
TITLE: Hirschsprung-like disease is exacerbated by reduced de novo GMP synthesis
AUTHOR CONTACT: Robert Heuckeroth
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Phone: 314-286-2853; Fax: 314-286-2893; E-mail: heuckeroth@kids.wustl.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/69781?key=97ac79dd1a6d6863ae84
TITLE: Allogeneic T-cell responses are regulated by a specific miRNA-mRNA network
AUTHOR CONTACT: Pavan Reddy
University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Phone: 734-647-5954; Fax: 734-647-9647; E-mail: reddypr@umich.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/70013?key=adfdfe15de70ef021fe7
TITLE: Chronic itch development in sensory neurons requires BRAF signaling pathways
AUTHOR CONTACT: Zhou-Feng Chen
Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
Phone: (314) 747-5093; E-mail: chenz@wustl.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/70528?key=99f7ee0c59d277305044
TITLE: A recurrent dominant-negative E47 mutation causes agammaglobulinemia and BCR- B-cells
AUTHOR CONTACT: Mary Ellen Conley
LeBonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
Phone: 901-287-4657; Fax: 901-287-5036; E-mail: maryellen.conley@stjude.org
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/71927?key=d30fff619706f0ada145
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2013-10-15
The death of sensory hair cells in the ear results in irreversible hearing loss. Several classes of drugs, including aminoglycoside antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs are known to kill hair cells; however, in many cases the benefit of using the drug outweighs the potential for hearing loss. Previous research has shown that a class of proteins induced in response to cell stress, the heat shock proteins (HSPs), can protect against sensory hair cell death in response to ototoxic drugs. Despite understanding how HSPs protect the hair cells of the inner ear, there are no current ...
2013-10-15
Bone is constantly being broken down and remodeled. Osteoporosis results when bone resorption outpaces bone regeneration. Production of reactive oxygen species, a form of oxidative stress, has been predicted to promote bone loss, but a source of reactive oxygen is unknown.
In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Katrin Schröder and colleagues at Goethe-University identify a relationship between NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), an enzyme that promotes reactive oxygen species formation, and bone resorption. In a mouse model of osteoporosis, genetic disruption or ...
2013-10-15
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This video shows Vorticella movements with nutrients and without nutrients.
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Nearly every body of water, from a puddle or a pond to a vast ocean, contains microscopic organisms that live attached to rocks, plants, and animals. These so-called sessile suspension feeders are critical to aquatic ecosystems and play an important role in cleaning up environmental contaminants by consuming bacteria. A study published by Cell Press on October ...
2013-10-15
Charlottesville, VA (October 15, 2013). An incentive program to reduce the number of unnecessary diagnostic laboratory tests performed in neurosurgical patients at UC San Francisco (UCSF) was highly successful. Resident trainees in neurosurgery identified five frequently scheduled laboratory tests that rarely yield information that would change patient care. A new set of guidelines was developed to determine when these tests should be performed. The result was a 47% reduction in the number of targeted tests, which was attended by cost savings of $1.7 million in one year. ...
2013-10-15
Philadelphia, Pa. (October 15, 2013) -- Blood pressure is effectively lowered by mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for patients with borderline high blood pressure or "prehypertension." This finding is reported in the October issue of Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of Biobehavioral Medicine, the official journal of the American Psychosomatic Society. The journal is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a part of Wolters Kluwer Health.
"Our results provide evidence that MBSR, when added to lifestyle modification advice, may be an appropriate complementary ...
2013-10-15
ROCHESTER, Minn. -- Mayo Clinic researchers have found a surprising occupational hazard for teachers: progressive speech and language disorders. The research, recently published in the American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias, found that people with speech and language disorders are about 3.5 times more likely to be teachers than patients with Alzheimer's dementia.
Speech and language disorders are typically characterized by people losing their ability to communicate -- they can't find words to use in sentences, or they'll speak around a word. They may ...
2013-10-15
Scientists from the University of Sheffield have discovered ground breaking clues as to how the pioneering heart drug ticagrelor might reduce the risk of dying following a heart attack, in comparison to previous standard treatments.
The new findings, published in Platelets, show that ticagrelor may reduce the risk of dying as a result of a lung infection after suffering a heart attack compared to patients treated with the drug clopidogrel.
The analysis, which was led by researchers from the University of Sheffield and Uppsala University Sweden, is the latest to come ...
2013-10-15
WASHINGTON, D.C. Oct. 15, 2013 -- Scientists studying the behavior of platinum particles immersed in hydrogen peroxide may have discovered a new way to propel microscopic machines. The new mechanism is described in The Journal of Chemical Physics, which is produced by AIP Publishing.
Micro-sized machines operate under very different conditions than their macro-sized counterparts. The high surface-area-to-mass ratio of tiny motors means they require a constant driving force to keep them going. In the past, researchers have relied on asymmetric chemical reactions on the ...
2013-10-15
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- Researchers report that river otters in Central Illinois are being exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides that were banned in the U.S. in the 1970s and '80s.
Their analysis appears in the journal Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.
The Illinois Department of Natural Resources collected 23 river otters between 2009 and 2011, after the animals were incidentally killed (hit by cars or accidentally caught in traps, for example). The agency passed the carcasses along to researchers at the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) for ...
2013-10-15
COLUMBIA, Mo. -- Scientists increasingly are uncovering answers for human behavior through genetic research. Now, a University of Missouri researcher has found that prosocial behavior, such as volunteering and helping others, is related to the same gene that predisposes individuals to anxiety disorders. Helping such individuals cope with their anxiety may increase their prosocial behavior, the researcher said.
"Prosocial behavior is linked closely to strong social skills and is considered a marker of individuals' health and well-being," said Gustavo Carlo, Millsap Professor ...
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[Press-News.org] JCI early table of contents for Oct. 15, 2013
