Extending terrorism insurance program could lower federal costs, study finds

(Press-News.org) Federal spending after future terrorist attacks on the United States may be higher if the nation's terrorism risk insurance program is allowed to expire, according to a new RAND Corporation study.

The analysis finds that in a terrorist attack with losses up to $50 billion, the federal government would spend more helping to cover losses than if it had continued to support a national terrorism risk insurance program.

In the wake of the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, terrorism risk insurance quickly became either unavailable or very expensive. Congress reacted by passing the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act, which provides an assurance of government support after a catastrophic attack. This has helped keep terrorism risk insurance affordable for businesses.

The program will expire at the end of this year and Congress is considering the appropriate government role in terrorism insurance markets.

"One important dimension of the debate about whether to reauthorize the act is its impact on government spending," said Tom LaTourrette, lead author of the study and senior physical scientist at RAND, a nonprofit research organization. "If, as many expect, allowing the program to expire causes a sharp decline in the number of businesses with terrorism coverage, we find that the federal government could spend billions more in disaster assistance after an attack than it would with the program in place."

The act creates an incentive for a functioning private terrorism insurance market through the promise of government support for losses that exceed a specified amount. This keeps terrorism insurance available with essentially no government spending unless terrorism losses reach catastrophic levels. Without the program, terrorism insurance would become less available and more attack losses would go uninsured, increasing demand for disaster assistance, said LaTourrette, who wrote the report with Noreen Clancy.

For simulated attacks with losses ranging from $14 billion to $26 billion, the RAND study estimates that the federal government would spend from $1.5 billion to $7.2 billion more without the program than with it.

The federal government makes no net expenditures through the program until the insured loss reaches at least $27.5 billion. For comparison, at current terrorism insurance coverage rates, an attack equivalent to the 9/11 attacks would have an insured loss of about $30 billion today. Taxpayers would therefore only contribute through the program in an attack comparable in magnitude to the 9/11 attacks, which is the second most costly insurance event in United States history, exceeded only by Hurricane Katrina.

When considering both disaster assistance and spending through the program, the impact of the program on federal spending reverses when total losses exceed about $50 billion. For losses below this amount, the federal government would pay more without the program; for larger losses, the federal government could pay less without the program, according to the study.

INFORMATION: The study, "The Impact on Federal Spending of Allowing the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act to Expire," can be found at http://www.rand.org. The report is the second in a series about reauthorizing the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act.

Support for the study was provided by the property-casualty insurance industry and major business groups. Contributors included the American Insurance Association, Chubb & Son, The Financial Services Roundtable, Liberty Mutual Insurance Group, The NAREIT Foundation, National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies, National Council on Compensation Insurance, Property Casualty Insurers Association of America, The Real Estate Roundtable Education and Research Foundation, Reinsurance Association of America, and the Willis Group.

Research for the study was conducted within the RAND Center for Catastrophic Risk Management and Compensation, part of the RAND Justice, Infrastructure and Environment division.