Cancer deaths plummet in middle-aged people

(Press-News.org) A first of its kind study by Cancer Research UK reveals premature cancer death rates in 35–69-year-olds fell by more than a third over 25 years  Improvements in the UK are a result of smokefree policies, prevention measures, early detection programmes like cancer screening, and more effective treatment options 

But the study paints a mixed picture with cancer cases on the rise and cancer mortality rates still too high  

The charity’s manifesto, ‘Longer, better lives’ outlines action the UK Government can take to save 20,000 lives from cancer every year by 2040 

A study by Cancer Research UK has revealed that fewer middle-aged people are dying from cancer in the UK than at any point over the last 25 years. *   

Published in the British Medical Journal and conducted by researchers at the University of Leeds, University College London and Public Health Scotland, this major study examines trends in cancer incidence and mortality amongst middle-aged adults (35-69 yrs.) in the UK between 1993 to 2018. Researchers said that analysing trends in this age group helps to indicate future patterns of cancer in older patients. 

The study showed that overall, mortality rates had dropped by 37% in men and by 33% in women. In examining data for 23 cancer types, it also found that cervical cancer mortality rates decreased by 54.3%. This shows how the HPV vaccine combined with cervical screening has helped to prevent cancer and stop the disease in its tracks. 

The study also revealed that lung cancer mortality rates decreased by 53.2% in men and by 20.7% in women, thanks to reduced smoking rates in recent decades. And deaths have also dropped in breast, bowel and cervical cancers, showing how screening programmes help to save lives by diagnosing cancer earlier. 

Whilst progress is to be welcomed, the charity warned that cancer cases are on the rise overall – this is largely due to a growing population and lifestyle factors impacting people’s cancer risk. The data highlights that cancer cases rose by 57% in men and 48% in women over the 25 years. This trend will result in challenges for cancer patients, the UK’s health system and the economy.   

Researchers also found year-on-year increases in cases of melanoma, liver, oral and kidney cancers. And death rates for liver, oral and uterine cancers - all linked to risk factors including UV exposure, alcohol, overweight and obesity, and smoking - are not improving fast enough. 

Cancer Research UK said there is an immense challenge ahead to maintain progress, with cancer waiting times hitting record highs in all UK nations and NHS staff under extreme pressure.  

Cancer Research UK’s head of cancer intelligence and lead author of the study, Jon Shelton, said: 

“This study helps us to see the progress we’ve made in beating cancer and where challenges clearly remain. With cancer cases on the rise and improvements in survival slowing, it’s vital that the UK Government takes bold action to keep momentum up. Now is the time to go further and faster, building on the successes of decades of research and improvements in healthcare. 

“This research is as a useful benchmarking tool for the next 25 years and beyond so that we can take action to save more lives from cancer. We must continue to prevent as many cancer cases as possible, diagnose cancers sooner and develop kinder treatments.” 

The charity said that the findings highlight where the UK Government can focus its efforts to help to save more lives from cancer, as well as the steps people can take to reduce their risk of the disease. 

If action is taken against smoking, overweight and obesity and alcohol, nearly 37,000 cancer cases could be prevented by 2040 in the UK. Preventing ill health not only benefits cancer patients and their families, it also leads to huge gains for the economy and the NHS. ** 

Cancer Research UK is also calling on the Government to diagnose more cancers earlier. Bowel cancer screening should be optimised to reduce inequalities in access and reach as many eligible people as possible. Targeted lung screening, which is being rolled out across England, will help to save lives more lives from a cancer type that takes more lives than any other. It is vital that other UK nations follow suit to reach more at-risk people. 

Cancer Research UK’s chief executive, Michelle Mitchell, said: 

“This major study brings to life improvements that have been made to tackle cancer in recent decades. If we take lung cancer, for example, we can clearly see that reducing smoking prevalence saves lives. The UK Government can build on this success by raising the age of sale of tobacco and continuing to fund a world-leading programme of measures to help people who smoke quit.  

“But cancer is still a defining health issue in the UK that impacts nearly one in two people. People face long waits for vital tests and treatment and cancer cases are on the rise. Cancer patients won’t feel the full benefits of advances in research breakthroughs and innovation, including new cancer treatments, without a long-term plan and funding from the UK Government.” 

Cancer Research UK is urging political leaders to deliver long-term cancer strategies in all UK nations, including a National Cancer Council in England to drive cross-government action on cancer.  

The UK Government must invest in new technologies and treatments for patients and innovation and reform must be backed by sufficient funding, staff, and equipment.  

ENDS  

Expert spokespeople are available for interview. For media enquiries, contact Anna Cawdron in the Cancer Research UK press office on anna.cawdron@cancer.org.uk, 020 3469 8928 or, out of hours, on 020 3469 8301.   

Notes to editor 

* Embargoed link to research: http://press.psprings.co.uk/bmj/march/cancer.pdf  

Public link in British Medical Journal once embargo lifts: https://www.bmj.com/content/384/bmj-2023-076962  

Cancer Research UK worked on the study with researchers at the University of Leeds, University College London and Public Health Scotland. 

** Longer, better lives: A manifesto for cancer research and care (cancerresearchuk.org) p.13 

Cancer Research UK has identified a research funding gap of more than £1bn for in the next decade, putting our world leading research at risk. If action isn’t taken, progress in cancer survival will continue to stall.  

This study adds to a growing body of evidence that highlights challenges in the UK’s health system. Recently published research by Cancer Research UK includes: 

'Cancer in the UK: 2024’ report - highlights that the rate of progress in cancer survival has slowed considerably in recent decades  

International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) studies on treatment – reveals that the UK’s use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy lags behind comparable countries   

Progress and challenges – preventable risk factors captured in the research 

Preventable cancer risk-factor 

Risk factor for 

Key findings from the study* 

What Cancer Research UK is calling for to further reduce cancer mortality 

Tobacco 

Causes at least 15 different types of cancer: lung, larynx, oesophagus, oral cavity, nasopharynx, pharynx, bladder, pancreas, kidney, liver, stomach, bowel, cervix, leukaemia, and ovarian cancers 

The lung cancer mortality rate has decreased per year by 3.1% in men and 0.6% in women. This can be linked to reduced smoking rates over the 25 years. 

 

Cancer Research UK urges the UK Government to: 

Push through the smoking age of sale legislation to protect future generations from ever becoming addicted to tobacco. 

Continue to fully and sustainably fund smoking cessation programmes to help people quit smoking for good 

Roll out lung screening across all UK nations for earlier detection and reduce inequalities in access 

 

Infections, such as HPV (human papillomavirus) and H.Pylori 

Causes 13 types of cancer: Nose and sinuses, mouth, throat, liver, stomach, cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, penis, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma 

The cervical cancer mortality rate has decreased per year by 3.6%. This shows the impact of the HPV vaccine combined with cervical screening in helping to prevent cancer and stop the disease in its tracks. 

Cancer Research UK supports NHS England’s pledge to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030, but this ambition will only be possible if the vaccination and screening programmes are backed by sufficient resource and modern IT infrastructure. There must be targeted action to increase HPV vaccination coverage and reduce barriers to cervical screening. 

 

UV exposure 

Melanoma skin cancer 

Melanoma skin cancer incidence rose per year by 4.2% in men and by 3.5% in women. There are various factors at play behind this increase, including more exposure to too much UV radiation, a rising population, and more people getting their skin checked.    

Funding for health messaging campaigns that encourage people to stay safe in the sun, seek shade, cover up and apply sunscreen regularly. 

 

Alcohol 

Causes 7 cancer types: mouth, upper throat, larynx, oesophagus, breast, liver bowel 

Rates of oral and liver cancer increasing at an alarming proportion.  

Liver cancer incidence rose per year by 4.7% in men and by 3.9% in women. 

UK Government should introduce restrictions on alcohol marketing to protect children and vulnerable people. 

Overweight and obesity 

Causes 13 types of cancer: oesophageal, stomach, bowel, liver, pancreatic, gallbladder, breast, uterus, ovary, kidney, thyroid, myeloma, and meningioma 

Proportion of overweight and obesity increasing. Worring increases for liver and kidney cancers linked to overweight and obesity. 

Kidney cancer incidence rose per year by 2.7% in men and by 2.9% in women. 

UK Government should implement 2022 legislation on TV and online advertising restrictions on high fat salt and sugar foods.  

* Age-standardised mortality rate for males and females aged 35-69 years, between 1993-2018 in the UK 

END