PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

Quantum walk computing unlocks new potential in quantum science and technology

Quantum walk computing unlocks new potential in quantum science and technology
2024-12-20
(Press-News.org)

Quantum walks are a powerful theoretical model using quantum effects such as superposition, interference and entanglement to achieve computing power beyond classical methods. A research team at the National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology from the Academy of Military Sciences (China) recently published a review article that thoroughly summarizes the theories and characteristics, physical implementations, applications and challenges of quantum walks and quantum walk computing. The review was published Nov. 13 in Intelligent Computing, a Science Partner Journal, in an article titled “Quantum Walk Computing: Theory, Implementation, and Application”.

As quantum mechanical equivalents of classical random walks, quantum walks use quantum phenomena to design advanced algorithms for applications such as database search, network analysis and navigation, and quantum simulations. Different types of quantum walks include discrete-time quantum walks, continuous-time quantum walks, discontinuous quantum walks, and nonunitary quantum walks. Each model presents unique features and computational advantages.

Discrete-time quantum walks involve step-by-step transitions without a time factor, using coin-based models like Hadamard and Grover walks or coinless models such as Szegedy and staggered quantum walks for graph-based movement. In contrast, continuous-time quantum walks operate on graphs using time-independent Hamiltonians, making them particularly useful for spatial searches and traversal problems. Discontinuous quantum walks combine the properties of both discrete-time and continuous-time models, enabling universal computation through perfect state transfers. Meanwhile, nonunitary quantum walks, including stochastic quantum walks and open quantum walks, act as open quantum systems and find applications in simulating photosynthesis and quantum Markov processes.

The two original branches, discrete-time and continuous-time quantum walks, achieve faster diffusion than classical random walk models and exhibit similar probability distribution. To some extent, discrete-time and continuous-time models are interchangeable. In addition, various discrete models can be interchanged based on the graph structure, highlighting the versatility of quantum walk models. According to the authors, quantum walks not only have evolutionary merits, but also improve sampling efficiency, solving problems previously considered computationally difficult for classical systems.

The wide variety of physical quantum systems used to implement quantum walks demonstrates the utility of discrete-time and continuous-time quantum walk models and quantum-walk-based algorithms. There are two different approaches to physically implementing quantum walks:

Analog physical simulation primarily uses solid-state, optical and photonic systems to directly implement specific Hamiltonians without translation into quantum logic. This approach enables scalability by increasing particle numbers and dimensions but lacks error correction and fault tolerance. It faces challenges in efficiently simulating large graphs. Digital physical simulation constructs quantum circuits to simulate quantum walks, offering error correction and fault tolerance. Designing efficient circuits remains difficult, but digital implementations can achieve quantum speedup and simulate a variety of graphs. Quantum walk applications are categorized into four main categories: quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum information processing and graph-theoretic applications.

Quantum Computing: Quantum walks enable universal quantum computation and accelerate computations in algebraic and number-theoretic problems. They are also being explored for applications in machine learning and optimization. Quantum Simulation: Quantum walks are an important tool for simulating the behavior of uncontrollable quantum systems, providing insight into complex quantum phenomena that are difficult or impossible to analyze classically. Applications include simulating multi-particle systems, solving complex physics problems, and modeling biochemical processes. Quantum Information Processing: Quantum walks are used for the preparation, manipulation, characterization and transmission of quantum states, as well as in quantum cryptography and security applications. Graph-Theoretic Applications: Quantum walks, associated with graph structures, provide promising solutions for graph-theoretic problems and various network applications. They are used to explore graph characteristics, rank vertex centrality and identify structural differences between graphs. Despite rapid progress, practical quantum walk computing faces challenges, including devising effective algorithms, scaling up the physical implementations and implementing quantum walks with error correction or fault tolerance. These challenges, however, provide a roadmap for future innovations and advancements in the field.

END


[Attachments] See images for this press release:
Quantum walk computing unlocks new potential in quantum science and technology

ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Construction materials and household items are a part of a long-term carbon sink called the “technosphere”

2024-12-20
We know a lot about how much fossil-derived carbon is emitted to the atmosphere but less about how much is stored in human-made products. In a study publishing December 20 in the Cell Press journal Cell Reports Sustainability, ecological economists estimate that each year, humans add around 400 million tons of fossil carbon to long-lasting products such as plastics, buildings, and human infrastructure. Although these products could be considered a “carbon sink,” proper waste management is essential ...

First demonstration of quantum teleportation over busy Internet cables

2024-12-20
Northwestern University engineers are the first to successfully demonstrate quantum teleportation over a fiberoptic cable already carrying Internet traffic. The discovery introduces the new possibility of combining quantum communication with existing Internet cables — greatly simplifying the infrastructure required for distributed quantum sensing or computing applications. The study will be published on Friday (Dec. 20) in the journal Optica. “This is incredibly exciting because nobody thought it was possible,” said Northwestern’s Prem Kumar, who led the study. “Our work ...

Disparities and gaps in breast cancer screening for women ages 40 to 49

2024-12-20
About The Study: The findings of this cross-sectional study underscore significant disparities and gaps in biennial mammography screening for women ages 40 to 49. Two-fifths of women in this age group did not receive biennial screening. Lower biennial screening rates were observed among racial and ethnic minority populations, sexual minority populations, rural residents, and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. To optimize early breast cancer detection, ensuring equitable adherence to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations is crucial. Corresponding Author: To ...

US tobacco 21 policies and potential mortality reductions by state

2024-12-20
About The Study: This study found that early adoption and implementation of Tobacco 21 (T21) policies (minimum age of 21 for legal access to tobacco products) maximizes potential premature mortality reductions. However, the strength of T21 policies and enforcement varies widely across states. Enforcement of the federal T21 law is critical in the 8 states without state-level T21 cigarette policies of their own.   Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jamie Tam, PhD, email jamie.tam@yale.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link ...

AI-driven approach reveals hidden hazards of chemical mixtures in rivers

2024-12-20
Artificial intelligence can provide critical insights into how complex mixtures of chemicals in rivers affect aquatic life – paving the way for better environmental protection.  A new approach, developed by researchers at the University of Birmingham, demonstrates how advanced artificial intelligence (AI) methods can help identify potentially harmful chemical substances in rivers by monitoring their effects on tiny water fleas (Daphnia).   The team worked with scientists at the Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), in China, and the Hemholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), in Germany, to analyse ...

Older age linked to increased complications after breast reconstruction

2024-12-20
December 20, 2024 — For women undergoing breast reconstruction after mastectomy, older age is associated with small but significant increases in certain complications, reports a study in the January issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery®, the official medical journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). The journal is published in the Lippincott portfolio by Wolters Kluwer. Older women may be less satisfied with the appearance of the reconstructed breasts, ...

ESA and NASA satellites deliver first joint picture of Greenland Ice Sheet melting

ESA and NASA satellites deliver first joint picture of Greenland Ice Sheet melting
2024-12-20
Academics from Northumbria University are part of an international research team which has used data from satellites to track changes in the thickness of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Global warming is causing the Ice Sheet to melt and flow more rapidly, raising sea levels and disturbing weather patterns across our planet. Because of this, precise measurements of its changing shape are of critical importance for tracking and adapting to the effects of climate warming. Scientists have now delivered the first measurements of Greenland Ice Sheet thickness change using CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 – the ESA and ...

Early detection model for pancreatic necrosis improves patient outcomes

Early detection model for pancreatic necrosis improves patient outcomes
2024-12-20
A new prediction model for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) offers a groundbreaking approach to improving patient outcomes. Developed by a team of researchers across eight Chinese hospitals, the model harnesses five early clinical indicators—respiratory rate, temperature, serum glucose, calcium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)—to identify high-risk patients within 24 hours of hospital admission. The study, recently published in eGastroenterology, analyzed data from over 3,000 patients diagnosed with AP between 2017 and 2023. Researchers employed advanced statistical methods, including LASSO regression and multivariate analysis, to develop ...

Poor vascular health accelerates brain ageing

2024-12-20
Using an AI tool, researchers at Karolinska Institutet have analysed brain images from 70-year-olds and estimated their brains’ biological age. They found that factors detrimental to vascular health, such as inflammation and high glucose levels, are associated with an older-looking brain, while healthy lifestyles were linked to brains with a younger appearance. The results are presented in Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association. Every year, over 20,000 people in Sweden develop some form of dementia, with Alzheimer’s disease accounting for approximately two-thirds of cases. However, the speed at which ...

Chinese Medical Journal review provides insights into respiratory syncytial virus

Chinese Medical Journal review provides insights into respiratory syncytial virus
2024-12-20
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory infections, particularly in infants, children under 5 years, and older adults. Its rapid spread makes RSV a serious public health concern. Currently, there are no effective medications for RSV, and current treatment focuses on providing supportive care and preventing its spread. In a recent study, authors from the Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention of the Chinese Center ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

New software tool could help better understand childhood cancer

Healthy lifestyle linked to lower diverticulitis risk, irrespective of genetic susceptibility

Women 65+ still at heightened risk of cervical cancer caused by HPV

‘Inflammatory’ diet during pregnancy may raise child’s diabetes type 1 risk

Effective therapies needed to halt rise in eco-anxiety, says psychology professor

Nature-friendly farming boosts biodiversity and yields but may require new subsidies

Against the odds: Endometriosis linked to four times higher pregnancy rates than other causes of infertility, new study reveals

Microplastics discovered in human reproductive fluids, new study reveals

Family ties and firm performance: How cousin marriage traditions shape informal businesses in Africa

Novel flu vaccine adjuvant improves protection against influenza viruses, study finds

Manipulation of light at the nanoscale helps advance biosensing

New mechanism discovered in ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis: YWHAB restriction drives stemness and chemoresistance

New study links blood metabolites and immune cells to increased risk of urolithiasis

Pyruvate identified as a promising therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis by targeting cytosolic phospholipase A2

New insights into the clinical impact of IKBKG mutations: Understanding the mechanisms behind rare immunodeficiency syndromes

Displays, imaging and sensing: New blue fluorophore breaks efficiency records in both solids and solutions

Sugar, the hidden thermostat in plants

Personality can explain why some CEOs earn higher salaries

This puzzle game shows kids how they’re smarter than AI

Study suggests remembrances of dead played role in rise of architecture in Andean region

Brain stimulation can boost math learning in people with weaker neural connections

Inhibiting enzyme could halt cell death in Parkinson’s disease, study finds

Neurotechnology reverses biological disadvantage in maths learning

UNDER EMBARGO: Neurotechnology reverses biological disadvantage in maths learning

Scientists target ‘molecular machine’ in the war against antimicrobial resistance

Extending classical CNOP method for deep-learning atmospheric and oceanic forecasting

Aston University research: Parents should encourage structure and independence around food to support children’s healthy eating

Thunderstorms are a major driver of tree death in tropical forests

Danforth Plant Science Center adds two new faculty members

Robotic eyes mimic human vision for superfast response to extreme lighting

[Press-News.org] Quantum walk computing unlocks new potential in quantum science and technology