PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

A battle of rafts: How molecular dynamics in CAR T cells explain their cancer-killing behavior

2025-01-10
(Press-News.org) HOUSTON – (Jan. 10, 2025) – A study published in Science Advances shares new insights into how two of the most common types of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells kill cancer. Investigators from Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Cancer Center and the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy at Baylor, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children’s Hospital examined how molecular dynamics at the immune synapse – where CAR T cells bind to cancer cells – affect anticancer activity. 

In this study, researchers aimed to understand how CAR T cells with different signaling domains work at the molecular and cellular levels to lay the foundation for designing CAR molecules that maximize antitumor activity beyond B cell malignancies.

“We looked at two different types of CAR T cells. The first, CD28.ζ-CART cells, are like sprinters. They kill cancer cells quickly and efficiently, but their activity is short-lived. The second, 4-1BB.ζ-CART cells, are like marathon runners. They kill cancer cells consistently over a long period,” said senior author Dr. Nabil Ahmed, professor of pediatrics – hematology and oncology at Baylor and Texas Children’s. “We need to understand what’s happening at the molecular level so we can engineer CAR T cells to adapt their killing behavior to target hard-to-treat malignancies, such as solid tumors.” Ahmed also is a member of the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Led by first author Dr. Ahmed Gad, postdoctoral associate in Ahmed’s lab, the research team examined molecular dynamics at the immune synapse. The team biopsied the CAR T cell immunological synapse by isolating the membrane lipid rafts – cholesterol-rich molecules on the cell surface where most molecular interactions between cells take place.

They found that CD28.ζ-CAR molecules shuttle through the immune synapse quickly, working within minutes to kill cancer cells. This enabled fast CAR T cell recovery and a mastery of “serial killing” of cancer cells. In contrast, researchers found that 4-1BB.ζ-CAR molecules linger in the lipid rafts and immune synapse. The 4-1BB.ζ-CAR T cells multiply and work together, resulting in sustained “collaborative” killing of tumor cells. 

“Observing the distinct pattern of dynamics between single molecules helps us understand the big picture of how these products work,” Gad said. “Next, we are studying how to dynamically adapt these CAR T cells at the synapse level to make them more effective.”

“Tumors are very sophisticated. We need to adapt our tools to the biology of the disease. This may involve using multiple tools that work in different ways at different stages,” Ahmed added.

Other authors who contributed to this work include Jessica S. Morris, Lea Godret-Miertschin, Melisa J. Montalvo, Sybrina S. Kerr, Harrison Berger, Jessica C.H. Lee, Amr M. Saadeldin, Mohammad Abu-Arja, Shuo Xu, Spyridoula Vasileiou, Rebecca M. Brock, Kristen Fousek, Mohamed F. Sheha, Madhuwanti Srinivasan, Yongshuai Li, Arash Saeedi, Kandice Levental, Ann M. Leen, Maksim Mamonkin, Alexandre Carisey, Navin Varadarajan, Meenakshi Hegde, Sujith K. Joseph, Ilya Levental and Malini Mukherjee. They are affiliated with one or more of the following institutions: Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Houston, and the University of Virginia.

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health U54 Moonshot Grant, the National Cancer Institute, the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, the Be Brooks Brave Fund St. Baldrick’s Foundation Fellowship, Stand Up To Cancer, the St. Baldrick’s Pediatric Cancer Dream Team Translational Research Grant, Triumph Over Kids Cancer Foundation, the Alex Moll Family Fund, and The Faris Foundation. See the publication for a full list of funding details.

# # #

END


ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Study shows how plant roots access deeper soils in search of water

Study shows how plant roots access deeper soils in search of water
2025-01-10
Scientists have discovered how plants adapt their root systems in drought conditions to grow steeper into the soil to access deeper water reserves. Plant scientists from the University of Nottingham, in collaboration with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, have identified how abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone known for its role in drought response, influences root growth angles in cereal crops such as rice and maize. The results have been published in Current Biology. The study highlights how ABA and auxin, another key hormone, work together to shape root growth ...

Study reveals cost differences between Medicare Advantage and traditional Medicare patients in cancer drugs

2025-01-10
A new study examining the use of high-cost drugs among patients with colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer found those insured through Medicare Advantage received less expensive cancer drugs compared to others on Traditional Medicare. The findings were published today in JAMA Health Forum. "Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and colorectal cancer ranks third. Gaining a better understanding of treatment options and their costs under different insurance plans is important for assessing the overall healthcare landscape and how insurances manage patient costs,” said the study’s first author Cathy Bradley, PhD, Dean ...

‘What is that?’ UCalgary scientists explain white patch that appears near northern lights

‘What is that?’ UCalgary scientists explain white patch that appears near northern lights
2025-01-10
A whitish, grey patch that sometimes appears in the night sky alongside the northern lights has been explained for the first time by researchers at the University of Calgary. The article, which was published on Dec. 30 in the journal Nature Communications, explores a “structured continuum emission” that’s associated with aurora borealis. “You’d see this dynamic green aurora, you’d see some of the red aurora in the background and, all of a sudden, you’d see this structured – almost like a patch – grey-toned or white toned-emission connected to the aurora,” says Dr. Emma Spanswick, ...

How many children use Tik Tok against the rules? Most, study finds

2025-01-10
How many children use Tik Tok against the rules? Most, study finds  As the U.S. Supreme Court considers whether Congress can ban Tik Tok, new research highlights the health risks that top social media platforms pose to children.  Most 11- and 12-year-olds use Tik Tok and other social media despite the platforms’ age restrictions, and many show signs of addiction to social media, a new UC San Francisco study found. Tik Tok, Instagram, YouTube, and Snapchat require users to be at least 13 years old to have an account. But the study found that a majority of 11- and 12-years olds across the country have accounts on the platforms, ...

Scientists find out why aphasia patients lose the ability to talk about the past and future

2025-01-10
An international team of researchers, including scientists from the HSE Centre for Language and Brain, has identified the causes of impairments in expressing grammatical tense in people with aphasia. They discovered that individuals with speech disorders struggle with both forming the concept of time and selecting the correct verb tense. However, which of these processes proves more challenging depends on the speaker's language. The findings have been published in the journal Aphasiology. Aphasia is a severe speech disorder, often resulting ...

Tickling the nerves: Why crime content is popular

2025-01-10
Consumers of content about serial killers watch and read it to experience intense emotions that are often lacking in everyday life and to understand the reasons that drive people to commit crimes. However, such content does not contribute to increased aggression. These conclusions were drawn by sociologists from HSE University. The results of their study have been published in Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal. Research on the modern media market shows that content about serial killers is popular worldwide, spanning films, true crime series, short videos, and written materials detailing crimes, investigations, ...

Intelligent fight: AI enhances cervical cancer detection

Intelligent fight: AI enhances cervical cancer detection
2025-01-10
A cutting-edge article is paving the way for a transformation in cervical cancer screening, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance detection accuracy and efficiency. This pioneering research explores the application of AI in medical image interpretation, marking a significant leap in cervical cancer management and prevention. With the aid of deep learning algorithms, the study seeks to address the critical need for more effective screening tests, especially in low- and middle-income countries where traditional methods often fall short. This innovative approach promises to alleviate the global burden of cervical cancer by improving ...

Breakthrough study reveals the secrets behind cordierite’s anomalous thermal expansion

Breakthrough study reveals the secrets behind cordierite’s anomalous thermal expansion
2025-01-10
Cordierite, a remarkable mineral familiar to many as the material behind heat-resistant pizza stones, exhibits an unusual ability to resist changes in size despite significant temperature fluctuations. While widely used in diverse applications from automotive catalytic converters to high-temperature industrial processes, the fundamental reasons behind this anomalous thermal behaviour have remained largely unexplained. A new study, led by researchers at Queen Mary University of London and published in Matter, now provides the first comprehensive explanation, with profound implications for the design and development of advanced materials.  "Modern society demands materials that ...

Patient-reported influence of sociopolitical issues on post-Dobbs vasectomy decisions

2025-01-10
About The Study: Nearly one-third of survey participants indicated sociopolitical issues influenced their vasectomy decision, despite the fact these policies have targeted female reproductive policy. These patient-reported motivations are consistent with recent research using administrative data that found a rise in vasectomy procedure volume after the Dobbs decision.  Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kathleen Hwang, MD, email kathleen.hwang@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.54430) Editor’s ...

Radon exposure and gestational diabetes

2025-01-10
About The Study: This cohort study suggests that higher radon exposure is associated with greater odds of gestational diabetes in nulliparous pregnant individuals. Further studies are needed to confirm the results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, especially with individual-level residential radon exposure assessment.  Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ka Kahe, MD, ScD, email kk3399@columbia.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

Being consistently physically active in adulthood linked to 30–40% lower risk of death

Nerve pain drug gabapentin linked to increased dementia, cognitive impairment risks

Children’s social care involvement common to nearly third of UK mums who died during perinatal period

‘Support, not judgement’: Study explores links between children’s social care involvement and maternal deaths

Ethnic minority and poorer children more likely to die in intensive care

Major progress in fertility preservation after treatment for cancer of the lymphatic system

Fewer complications after additional ultrasound in pregnant women who feel less fetal movement

Environmental impact of common pesticides seriously underestimated

The Milky Way could be teeming with more satellite galaxies than previously thought

New study reveals surprising reproductive secrets of a cricket-hunting parasitoid fly

Media Tip Sheet: Symposia at ESA2025

NSF CAREER Award will power UVA engineer’s research to improve drug purification

Tiny parasitoid flies show how early-life competition shapes adult success

New coating for glass promises energy-saving windows

Green spaces boost children’s cognitive skills and strengthen family well-being

Ancient trees dying faster than expected in Eastern Oregon

Study findings help hone precision of proven CVD risk tool

Most patients with advanced melanoma who received pre-surgical immunotherapy remain alive and disease free four years later

Introducing BioEmu: A generative AI Model that enables high-speed and accurate prediction of protein structural ensembles

Replacing mutated microglia with healthy microglia halts progression of genetic neurological disease in mice and humans

New research shows how tropical plants manage rival insect tenants by giving them separate ‘flats’

Condo-style living helps keep the peace inside these ant plants

Climate change action could dramatically limit rising UK heatwave deaths

Annual heat-related deaths projected to increase significantly due to climate and population change

Researchers discover new way cells protect themselves from damage

Rivers choose their path based on erosion — a discovery that could transform flood planning and restoration

New discovery reveals dopamine operates with surgical precision, not as a broad signal

New AI tool gives a helping hand to x ray diagnosis

New Leicester study reveals hidden heart risks in women with Type 2 Diabetes

Over 400 different types of nerve cell have been grown – far more than ever before

[Press-News.org] A battle of rafts: How molecular dynamics in CAR T cells explain their cancer-killing behavior