(Press-News.org) The modern Western-style diet—high in processed foods, red meat, dairy products, and sugar—alters the composition of the gut microbiome in ways that can have a huge impact on health. This dietary pattern, which is also low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, reduces the variety of microbes in the digestive system and the metabolites they produce. This, in turn, increases risk for several immune system-related conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.
In new research published in Nature, researchers from the University of Chicago show how mice fed a Western-style diet are not able to rebuild a “healthy,” diverse gut microbiome following antibiotic treatment. These mice were also more susceptible to infection by pathogens like Salmonella. However, mice given food loosely mimicking a Mediterranean diet—high in plant-based fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains—were able to quickly restore a healthy and resilient gut microbiome after antibiotics.
“We were really surprised by how dramatically different the recovery process is in the mice on the Western-style diet versus the healthier one,” said Megan Kennedy, a student in the Medical Scientist Training Program at UChicago and lead author of the study.
Rebuilding after a forest fire
Antibiotics can have a devastating effect on the gut microbiome. While often given to treat infections by specific pathogens, antibiotics are indiscriminate and can wipe out entire communities of bacteria, both the bad ones causing disease and the good, commensal ones that help keep us healthy.
Eugene B. Chang, MD, Martin Boyer Professor of Medicine at UChicago, a senior author on the study and one of Kennedy’s PhD advisors, likens this to a forest fire—meaning that natural rules of ecology apply when rebuilding the community of bacteria in the gut. This analogy is fitting, given that Kennedy’s other advisor, Joy Bergelson, PhD, formerly of UChicago, studies how plants interact and co-evolve with microbes. Bergelson, another senior author on the study, is now Silver Professor of Biology at New York University and Executive Vice President of Life Sciences at the Simons Foundation.
“The mammalian gut microbiome is like a forest, and when you damage it, it must have a succession of events that occur in a specific order to restore itself back to its former health,” Chang said. “When you are on a Western diet, this does not happen because it doesn't provide the nutrients for the right microbes at the right time to recover. Instead, you end up with a few species that monopolize these resources, and don’t set the stage for other organisms that are required for recovery.”
Unfortunately, overuse of antibiotics and the Western diet are common in the United States. This led Kennedy and Chang to explore how this combination of microbiome-disrupting practices affects gut health.
They started with mice that were fed with food mimicking a typical Western-style diet (WD) or a diet of regular mouse chow (RC) with diverse sources of plant fiber and low fat. Both groups were then treated with antibiotics. Later, some mice continued the same diet, while some were switched to the other diet.
The researchers also reintroduced microbes to the mice after antibiotics through fecal microbial transplant (FMT). The rationale behind using FMT is that it can restore a healthy equilibrium in the gut by transferring microbes in the stool from healthy animals to another.
When the researchers analyzed the makeup of microbes in these different test groups, they saw that only the mice on RC, either before or after antibiotics, were able to recover to a healthy equilibrium of microbes. Further analysis by Christopher Henry, PhD, a computational biologist at Argonne National Laboratory, and his group showed that this diet promotes networks of metabolites that set the stage for microbes to rebuild a healthy ecosystem.
FMT had a negligible impact on recovery, however, among the mice on WD after antibiotics. These mice were also susceptible to infection with Salmonella, a common intestinal pathogen.
“It doesn’t seem to matter what microbes you’re putting into the community through FMT, even if it’s matched in every way possible to the ideal transplant,” Kennedy said. “If the mice are on the wrong diet, the microbes don’t stick, the community doesn’t diversify, and it doesn’t recover.”
Eat your fruit and vegetables, again
Kennedy and Chang say this shows how diet builds the crucial foundation for a diverse, robust, and resilient gut microbiome. Besides promoting overall good health, one potential clinical application is using diet to treat infections in patients following cancer treatment or organ transplants. These patients are often placed on powerful antibiotics and immunosuppressant drugs, which can lead to infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Adding more antibiotics would only compound the situation. Instead, Chang said, “Maybe we can use diet to rebuild the commensal microbes that have been suppressed under these therapies. We can restore the healthy microbiome much quicker and prevent the emergence of more multidrug-resistant organisms.”
Despite the new details on how diet changes the gut microbiome, the study also repeats the same message parents have been telling their kids since time immemorial: eat your fruits and vegetables, they’re good for you. But both researchers also recognize they can’t expect everyone to become vegans overnight for the sake of their health.
Kennedy suggests that people could think about adding more healthy foods to their diet to prepare for an upcoming surgery when they know they’ll be taking antibiotics. Chang is also working on what he calls a “have your cake and eat it too” approach, where people could take custom supplements to bolster their gut health, even if they don’t drastically change their diet.
“I've become a believer that food can be medicinal,” Chang said. “In fact, I think that food can be prescriptive, because we can ultimately decide what food components are affecting which populations and functions of the gut microbiome.”
The study, “Diet outperforms microbial transplant to drive microbiome recovery in mice,” was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the Gastrointestinal Research Foundation of Chicago, the Simons Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy and collaborators at the Chinese University of Hong Kong funded by the Innovation and Technology Council of Hong Kong.
END
Food as medicine: How diet shapes gut microbiome health
Researchers from UChicago show how a typical Western diet prevents the gut microbiome from recovering after antibiotic treatment and leaves it susceptible to infection
2025-05-06
ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:
Bridging Worlds: USU physicists develop novel test of the Holographic Principle
2025-05-06
LOGAN, UTAH, USA -- Exactly 100 years ago, famed Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger (yes, the cat guy) postulated his eponymous equation that explains how particles in quantum physics behave. A key component of quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's Equation provides a way to calculate the wave function of a system and how it changes dynamically in time.
“Quantum mechanics, along with Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity are the two pillars of modern physics,” says Utah State University ...
Silver nanoparticles produced by fungus could be used to prevent and treat COVID-19
2025-05-06
Silver nanoparticles produced by the fungus Trichoderma reesei could become important allies in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Tests carried out on hamsters showed that they not only inhibited the infection but also reduced the viral load in the lungs, easing inflammation in the rodents.
The study, supported by FAPESP, paves the way for the development of nasal sprays and other products to combat several viral diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, shingles and influenza.
Silver nanoparticles ...
Subtle edits yield big results in microbes
2025-05-06
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Colorado Boulder used a gene-silencing tool and a large library of molecular guides to understand how photosynthetic bacteria adapt to light and temperature changes. They found that even partial suppression of certain genes yielded big benefits in modifying the stress response of wild microbes.
This powerful technique delivers a faster, more comprehensive way to influence microbial traits for biotechnology, providing more insights into gene functions than traditional genome editing and accelerating our ability to augment microbes to produce fuels, chemicals and materials, said ORNL’s Carrie Eckert.
Scientists ...
Scientists discover a new way to convert corn waste into low-cost sugar for biofuel
2025-05-06
RICHLAND, Wash. — Scientists at Washington State University have found a new way to produce sugar from corn stalks and other crop waste, potentially opening a new pathway to sustainable biofuels.
Newly published in Bioresource Technology, their experimental process used ammonium sulfite-based alkali salts to convert corn stover—leftover corn stalks, husks, and other residues—into low-cost sugar for production of biofuels and bioproducts, making the process more economically feasible.
"Inexpensive sugar is the key to commercial success for new technologies that make fuels and useful products from renewable biomass," ...
Study shows significant increase in mental health diagnoses among publicly insured children
2025-05-06
In the first comprehensive investigation into the trends of mental health diagnoses among children with public health insurance, a new study reports the percentage of mental health and neurodevelopmental disorder diagnoses increased substantially in the decade before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Researchers from Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta used Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program claims data to analyze trends in mental health and neurodevelopmental ...
Development, agriculture present risks for drinking water quality
2025-05-06
A new study from North Carolina State University researchers finds that conversion of forests to urban development or agriculture near streams can have harmful effects on water quality downstream, presenting both health concerns and raising the cost of water treatment.
Using a model called the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, researchers mapped out the current and projected future effects of four land-use scenarios at 15 water intake locations across the Middle Chattahoochee watershed in Georgia and Alabama. By combining a series of potential socioeconomic outcomes and climate change models reaching out to 2070, researchers ...
New CDC nPEP Guidelines should become ‘part of general medical practice’
2025-05-06
Follow @Annalsofim on X, Facebook, Instagram, threads, and Linkedin
Below please find a summary of an editorial that will be published online at www.Annals.org. The summary is not intended to substitute for the full article as a source of information.
----------------------------
New CDC nPEP Guidelines should become ‘part of general medical practice’
Abstract: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-25-01885
A new commentary published in Annals of Internal Medicine from Roy Gulick, MD, Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases ...
Would a musical triangle of any other shape sound as sweet?
2025-05-06
WASHINGTON, May 6, 2025 – The triangle is a small instrument made of a metal rod bent into a triangle shape that is open at one corner. While small, its sound is distinct, with multiple overtones and nonharmonic resonance. But what causes the surprisingly powerful sound?
“The triangle instrument produces enchanting and beautiful tones, raising deep and profound questions about the connection between music and physics,” author Risako Tanigawa said. “Optical sound measurement has only been applied to limited subjects until now. By observing the sound field of a triangle for ...
Do manta rays benefit from collective motion?
2025-05-06
WASHINGTON, May 6, 2025 – From bird flocking to fish schooling, many biological systems exhibit some type of collective motion, often to improve performance and conserve energy. Compared to other swimmers, manta rays are particularly efficient, and their large aspect ratio is useful for creating large lift compared to drag. These properties make their collective motion especially relevant to complex underwater operations.
To understand how their group dynamics affect their propulsion, researchers from Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) and the Ningbo Institute of NPU, in China, modeled the motions of groups of manta rays, which they present in Physics of Fluids, by AIP ...
Differences in abortion use by sexual orientation in 3 national cohorts
2025-05-06
About The Study: In this study using data from retrospectively reported pregnancies from 3 longitudinal cohorts, all sexual minority groups had increased abortion use compared with completely heterosexual participants, and abortion use was heterogeneous; given the higher use of abortion among sexual minority populations, they are more likely to be disproportionately impacted by the narrowing of abortion access in the U.S. after the Supreme Court Dobbs decision. Future research is needed to understand the pathways that contribute to the unique abortion care needs of sexual minority ...
LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:
University of Tennessee designated a National Center of Academic Excellence in Cybersecurity
Research update: Okra, fenugreek extracts remove most microplastics from water
Heat and drought are quietly hurting crop yields
Gender characteristics of service robots can influence customer decisions
Ultra-thin bismuth holds unexpected promise for green electronics: researcher
Discovery: a better, more targeted termite terminator
Researchers harness brain activity to look at how we perceive faces from other racial groups differently
New research finds leadership-backed training key to better policing
Slickrock: USU geologists explore why Utah's Wasatch Fault is vulnerable to earthquakes
„Looking Through Objects. Women in Contemporary Polish Design” – exhibition at Design Museum Brussels
NCCN Policy Summit builds bridges between primary care and oncology for better cancer outcomes
Physician-led online nutrition intervention program is practical, cost-effective, and successful at improving patient health
Long COVID may cause long-term changes in the heart and lungs and may lead to cardiac and pulmonary diseases
Albert Einstein College of Medicine launches Data Science Institute
Half of U.S. adults acknowledge health benefits of eating a plant-based diet
Food as medicine: How diet shapes gut microbiome health
Bridging Worlds: USU physicists develop novel test of the Holographic Principle
Silver nanoparticles produced by fungus could be used to prevent and treat COVID-19
Subtle edits yield big results in microbes
Scientists discover a new way to convert corn waste into low-cost sugar for biofuel
Study shows significant increase in mental health diagnoses among publicly insured children
Development, agriculture present risks for drinking water quality
New CDC nPEP Guidelines should become ‘part of general medical practice’
Would a musical triangle of any other shape sound as sweet?
Do manta rays benefit from collective motion?
Differences in abortion use by sexual orientation in 3 national cohorts
Conversion therapy exposure and elevated cardiovascular disease risk
Most people say they want to know their risk for Alzheimer’s dementia, fewer follow through
New chronic pain therapy retrains the brain to process emotions
Fisetin, a natural compound, helps prevent artery hardening from aging and kidney disease
[Press-News.org] Food as medicine: How diet shapes gut microbiome healthResearchers from UChicago show how a typical Western diet prevents the gut microbiome from recovering after antibiotic treatment and leaves it susceptible to infection