EARTH: Setting sail on unknown seas

The past, present and future of species rafting

2013-02-26

(Press-News.org) Alexandria, VA – On June 5, 2012, a massive dock made landfall on Oregon's Agate Beach, just north of Newport. The dock carried with it a host of castaways, including as many as a hundred species of mollusks, anemones, sponges, oysters, crabs, barnacles, worms, sea stars, mussels and sea urchins. A placard on the side written in Japanese revealed that the dock had been unmoored from the Japanese coastal city of Misawa during the catastrophic tsunami on March 11, 2011, bringing with it an essentially intact subtidal community of Asian species to the Pacific Northwest. Although natural rafts have likely been ferrying organisms around the planet since the very beginning of life on Earth, the geologically recent advent of human settlement, culture and infrastructure is fundamentally changing the rafting game, as EARTH explores in our March issue.

Anything that floats can be used as a raft: algae mats, detached wads of kelp, dead whales, ice floes, volcanic pumice, uprooted trees, docks or plastics. What was once a rare phenomenon is now happening much more frequently. "Rafting opportunities for organisms are much higher now than they have been at any time in the past," says Martin Thiel, an evolutionary biologist at the Catholic University of the North in Coquimbo, Chile. What are the implications for the spread of invasive species and the health of native ecosystems around the world? Read the story at EARTH online at http://bit.ly/YSThEo.

### Read this story and more in the March issue of EARTH Magazine. Uncover surface scars from an earthquake that killed a king; discover the farthest galaxy and the youngest solar system; and learn how sea butterflies could foreshadow widespread ocean acidification all in this month's issue of EARTH.

Keep up to date with the latest happenings in Earth, energy and environment news with EARTH magazine online at http://www.earthmagazine.org/. Published by the American Geosciences Institute, EARTH is your source for the science behind the headlines.

The American Geosciences Institute is a nonprofit federation of geoscientific and professional associations that represents more than 250,000 geologists, geophysicists and other earth scientists. Founded in 1948, AGI provides information services to geoscientists, serves as a voice of shared interests in the profession, plays a major role in strengthening geoscience education, and strives to increase public awareness of the vital role the geosciences play in society's use of resources, resiliency to natural hazards, and interaction with the environment. END

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Pain can be a relief

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Afterschool programs evaluated for community support, resources

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In probing mysteries of glass, researchers find a key to toughness

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New Haven, Conn. — In a paper published online Feb. 26 in the journal Nature Communications, a Yale University team and collaborators propose a way of predicting whether a given glass will be brittle or ductile — a desirable property typically associated with metals like steel or aluminum — and assert that any glass could have either quality. Ductility refers to a material's plasticity, or its ability to change shape without breaking. "Most of us think of glasses as brittle, but our finding shows that any glass can be made ductile or brittle," said Jan Schroers, a professor ...

Connecting the (quantum) dots

2013-02-26

PITTSBURGH—Recent research offers a new spin on using nanoscale semiconductor structures to build faster computers and electronics. Literally. University of Pittsburgh and Delft University of Technology researchers reveal in the Feb. 17 online issue of Nature Nanotechnology a new method that better preserves the units necessary to power lightning-fast electronics, known as qubits (pronounced CUE-bits). Hole spins, rather than electron spins, can keep quantum bits in the same physical state up to 10 times longer than before, the report finds. "Previously, our group ...

American Chemical Society podcast: New super-nutritious puffed rice for breakfast cereals, snacks

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EARTH: Setting sail on unknown seas

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