The study, Towards Precision Medicine in Glioblastoma: The Promise and The Challenges, covers how these highly invasive and almost-always-deadly brain cancers may be treated, reviews the continuing challenges faced by researchers and clinicians, and presents the hope for better treatments by harnessing the power of the human genome.
The study also describes a pioneering clinical trial underway for 15 patients at UCSF, guided by TGen research, in which an individual patient's genomic profile is used to offer treatment recommendations to an expert, multidisciplinary panel.
"This study thoroughly explores how we arrived at the current standard-of-care, and how -- through cutting-edge genomic technologies -- we might find better answers for these patients who need our help today," said Dr. Jeffrey Trent, TGen President and Research Director and the study's senior author.
Funded by The Ben & Catherine Ivy Foundation, the study is one of several simultaneous and coordinated efforts seeking to uncover the molecular source of this deadly brain cancer with the goal of prolonging survival of glioblastoma patients.
"Despite pivotal advances in the characterization of genomic mutation in glioblastoma, targeted drug agents have so far shown minimal effect in clinical trials, and patient survival remains poor," said Dr. Michael D. Prados, the Charles B. Wilson, MD, Endowed Chair in Neurological Surgery at UCSF, and one of the study's co-lead authors.
One of the major difficulties in treating brain tumors is finding drugs that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, which buffers the brain from the rest of the body's blood-circulatory system. Located along capillaries, the blood-brain barrier protects the brain from rapid changes in the body's metabolic conditions and minimizes exposure to molecules that are toxic to neurons in the brain.
"This study outlines strategies for overcoming past failures, primarily by applying targeted combination therapies that match the tumors' genetic changes with drug compounds that can reach the central nervous system," said Dr. Sara Byron, Research Assistant Professor in TGen's Center for Translational Innovation, and the study's other co-lead author.
Another major challenge in treating glioblastoma is its intrusive penetration into adjoining tissues, which prevents the complete surgical removal of the tumors from the brain, even with follow-up radiation and chemotherapy: "It is this invasive, infiltrative disease component that is the ultimate cause of recurrence, resistance and death," the study says.
"All patients will continue to show tumor growth and progression because of rapidly proliferating infiltrative disease remaining after surgery," according to the study. "Effective treatment for glioblastoma remains an unmet need."
The only FDA-approved drugs to treat glioblastoma are temozolomide, nitrosoureas, and bevacizumab.
In the clinical trial begun at UCSF, multiple biopsies are performed on each patient at the time of surgery in different regions of the brain tumor. That is followed by extensive genome-wide profiling, leading to a selection of drugs that would target the brain cancer and diffuse regions of the lesion that cannot be removed by surgery.
Drug selection is individualized, and multiple FDA-approved agents (up to four) allowed. "Rules" for drug selection are implemented, using the specialized drug pharmacopeia designed for this trial. The drugs are chosen carefully, considered with knowledge about the ability of the drug to reach the brain and the patient's past treatment history and concomitant therapies, with the assistance of multi-specialty, multi-institutional molecular tumor board that drafts a report to the treating physician.
In addition, "Small, informative, tissue-based clinical trials that take into account the individual molecular features of patients and provide early 'go' or 'no go' decisions are needed and should be prioritized over unselected, large, population-based strategies," the study recommends.
A separate clinical trial that follows this path, also guided by TGen genomic research, is underway at Barrow Neurological Institute. This clinical trial also is funded by The Ben & Catherine Ivy Foundation. For more about this clinical trial, go to: http://www.tgen.org/home/news and click on March 10, 2015.
"These studies, and their associated clinical trials, have the potential to lift our knowledge of glioblastoma to an unprecedented new level," said Catherine Ivy, President of The Ben & Catherine Ivy Foundation. "Developing drug compounds that breach the blood-brain barrier and are effective against tumors would fulfill one of the medical community's most critical unmet needs, and boost the hopes of brain tumor patients everywhere."
INFORMATION:
Contributing to the study published today were all three TGen Deputy Directors: Dr. John Carpten, Deputy Director of Basic Science; Dr. Michael Berens, Deputy Director for Research Resources; and Dr. David Craig, Deputy Director of Bioinformatics.
About UC San Francisco
UCSF is the nation's leading university exclusively focused on health. Now celebrating the 150th anniversary of its founding as a medical college, UCSF is dedicated to transforming health worldwide through advanced biomedical research, graduate-level education in the life sciences and health professions, and excellence in patient care. It includes top-ranked graduate schools of dentistry, medicine, nursing and pharmacy; a graduate division with world-renowned programs in the biological sciences, a preeminent biomedical research enterprise and top-tier hospitals, UCSF Medical Center and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals. Please visit http://www.ucsf.edu.
About TGen
Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) is a Phoenix, Arizona-based non-profit organization dedicated to conducting groundbreaking research with life changing results. TGen is focused on helping patients with cancer, neurological disorders and diabetes, through cutting edge translational research (the process of rapidly moving research towards patient benefit). TGen physicians and scientists work to unravel the genetic components of both common and rare complex diseases in adults and children. Working with collaborators in the scientific and medical communities literally worldwide, TGen makes a substantial contribution to help our patients through efficiency and effectiveness of the translational process. For more information, visit: http://www.tgen.org.
Press Contact:
Steve Yozwiak
TGen Senior Science Writer
602-343-8704
syozwiak@tgen.org
About The Ben & Catherine Ivy Foundation
The Ben & Catherine Ivy Foundation, based in Scottsdale, Ariz., was formed in 2005, when Ben Ivy lost his battle with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Since then, the Foundation has contributed more than $50 million to research in gliomas within the United States and Canada, with the goal of better diagnostics and treatments that offer long-term survival and a high quality of life for patients with brain tumors. The Ben & Catherine Ivy Foundation is the largest privately funded foundation of its kind in the United States. For more information, visit http://www.ivyfoundation.org. ?
About Neuro-Oncology
Neuro-Oncology, published by Oxford University Press, is the leading journal in the field, dedicated to providing superior and rapid publication of information in all areas of neuro-oncology. The journal contains peer-reviewed articles and reviews, symposia on selected topics, published abstracts of annual meetings, and society news and announcements from around the world.
