Trying to fool a kindergartner? Not so fast
Concordia-UBC research reveals that children as young as five can gauge when adults are overconfident
2014-10-08
(Press-News.org) This news release is available in French.
Montreal & Vancouver, October 8, 2014 — From the words for colours to how to tie a shoelace, kids have lots to learn — and for the most part, they depend on others to teach it to them.
But whether deliberately or inadvertently, other people sometimes misinform. So at what age can kids tell trustworthy teachers from confident tricksters?
A new study published in PLOS ONE by psychology researchers from Concordia University and the University of British Columbia shows that by the age of five, children become wary of information provided by people who make overly confident claims.
For the study, Patricia Brosseau-Liard, who is now a Concordia postdoctoral fellow, recruited 96 four- and five-year-olds. She and her UBC Department of Psychology co-authors Tracy Cassels and Susan Birch had the youngsters weigh two important cues to a person's credibility — prior accuracy and confidence — when deciding what to believe.
The researchers showed their subjects short videos of two adults talking about familiar animals. The speakers would either:
A. Make true statements about the animal in a hesitant voice
"Hmm, I guess whales live in the water?"
B. Make false statements about the animal in a confident voice
"Oh, I know! Whales live in the ground!"
The kids were then shown videos of the same two adults speaking about strange animals. The previously confident speaker would state facts with confidence, and the previously hesitant speaker remained hesitant while stating different facts. The participants were then asked whom they believed.
In children closer to the age of four, it was a 50/50 split: they were as likely to believe the confident liar as the hesitant truth-teller. But as they neared the age of five, participants were more likely to believe the previously accurate but hesitant individual, suggesting a year can make a big difference in terms of a child's evolution in the critical consumption of information.
As Brosseau-Liard explains, these findings are important for teachers and caregivers.
"Our study gives us a window into children's developing social cognition, skepticism and critical thinking. It shows us that, even though kindergarteners have a reputation for being gullible, they are actually pretty good at evaluating sources of information. Parents can use this ability to help guide them in their learning."
INFORMATION:
Related links:
Cited study: "You Seem Certain but You Were Wrong Before: Developmental Change in Preschoolers' Relative Trust in Accurate versus Confident Speakers" (PLOS One) http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0108308
Concordia's Department of Psychology http://psychology.concordia.ca/
UBC's Department of Psychology http://psych.ubc.ca/
The K.I.D. Studies Centre at UBC where the research was conducted: http://www.kidstudiescentre.com
Media contact:
Cléa Desjardins
Senior advisor, media relations
University Communications Services
Concordia University
Phone: 514-848-2424, ext. 5068
Email: clea.desjardins@concordia.ca
Web: http://www.concordia.ca/now/media-relations
Twitter: @CleaDesjardins
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[Press-News.org] Trying to fool a kindergartner? Not so fast
Concordia-UBC research reveals that children as young as five can gauge when adults are overconfident
