Improving work conditions increases parents' time with their children

(Press-News.org) A workplace intervention designed to reduce work-family conflict gave employed parents more time with their children without reducing their work time. "These findings may encourage changes in the structure of jobs and culture of work organizations to support families," said Kelly Davis, research assistant professor of human development and family studies. The research is part of the Work, Family and Health Network's evaluation of the effects of a workplace intervention designed to reduce work-family conflict by increasing both employees' control over their schedule and supervisor behaviors that support employees' personal and family lives. "The results show that we can change the way we work to improve family life," said Davis. "Our study shows that the workplace intervention had an effect on families by increasing parents' time with their children." The Support-Transform-Achieve-Results (STAR) workplace intervention included training supervisors to be more supportive of their employees' personal and family lives, changing the structure of work so that employees have more control of their work time, and changing the culture in the workplace so that colleagues are more supportive of each other. The researchers evaluated whether parents who participated in the STAR intervention reported significantly more daily time with their children compared with parents randomly assigned to a control group. They found that parents in the STAR group exhibited a statistically significant increase in parent-child shared time -- an additional 39 minutes per day on average -- between the pre-test and the 12-month follow-up post-test. By contrast, parents in the control group averaged 24 fewer minutes per day with their child at the 12-month follow-up. "Our study tested ideas from the work-home resource model, which holds that work demands can deplete parents' resources, including their time and energy, with negative effects on their family functioning," Davis said. "By contrast, increasing work resources can increase the resources parents use in their family lives." Work resources include supervisor support for personal and family life and flexible work schedules; parental resources include time available for children. STAR affected mothers' and fathers' time with their children differently. "Among the study's findings was that mothers' time with children increased more than fathers'," Davis said. Interestingly, mothers in this sample did not work significantly fewer hours per week -- on average 46.24 and 46.59 hours per week for mothers and fathers, respectively -- and work hours did not significantly change from pre-test to post-test for either mothers or fathers. Thus, mothers may have been more inclined to take advantage of the opportunities and supports afforded by the Support-Transform-Achieve-Results intervention to spend time with their children. The researchers argue that a healthy and satisfied employee can benefit the workplace by improving the business bottom line through more effective and efficient work. The findings are published today (Apr. 13) in Pediatrics.

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Additional authors include David Almeida, professor of Human Development and Family Studies, and Susan McHale, distinguished professor of human development and family studies at Penn State; Katie Lawson, assistant professor of psychological science, Ball State University; Erin Kelly, professor of sociology, University of Minnesota; Rosalind King, health scientist administrator at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development; Leslie Hammer, professor of psychology, Portland State University; Lynne Casper, professor of sociology, University of Southern California; Cassandra Okechukwu, professor of social and behavioral sciences, Harvard School of Public Health; and Ginger Hanson, research associate, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development funded this study.