PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

Study investigates the quality of organs from potential donors with HIV

2015-05-14
(Press-News.org) In 2013, the United States government passed the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act, which allows research to be conducted on the safety of organ donation from deceased donors with HIV to recipients with HIV. A new study published in the American Journal of Transplantation explores the quality of these organs and how their use might impact the country's organ shortage.

In the United States, there are not enough organ donors to meet the needs of all patients who might benefit from lifesaving organ transplants. Some patients waiting for organs are infected with HIV, and they generally do well after receiving a transplant. In South Africa, HIV-infected individuals have been a valuable source of organs for HIV-positive patients in need of kidney transplantation. To examine whether this is a viable option in the United States, Emily Blumberg, MD, of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and her colleagues explored how many potential HIV-infected organ donors there might be in a large American city (Philadelphia) where many HIV-positive patients are currently waiting for a transplant. The team reviewed the records of HIV-infected patients who were followed regularly at 6 busy outpatient centers and who died during a 5.5-year time frame.

"Using standard criteria for donor selection, we estimated that annually there were 4 to 5 potential donors in our area; these individuals might be a source of 2 to 3 kidneys and 4 to 5 livers," said Dr. Blumberg. "If we extrapolated our results to estimate the national possibilities, nearly 400 potential organ donors might be available annually."

Unfortunately, standard measurements of organ quality suggest that many of these donor kidneys may be of reduced quality with decreased viability over the long term when compared with ideal donor kidneys, Dr. Blumberg noted. This may reflect ongoing success in treating HIV-infected individuals who now live longer and are more likely to die due to cardiovascular causes, hepatitis, and cancer, conditions that may affect their overall suitability as organ donors. The quality of the livers that might have been obtained from these donors was better, although a number of the potential liver donors were also infected with hepatitis C virus, which can compromise liver health. Given the growing availability of effective therapies for hepatitis C, these organs may be a better option in the future.

"Because patients may potentially benefit from expanding the donor pool to include HIV-positive organ donors for HIV-positive recipients, it is important to understand how to optimally use this possible new source of transplant organs," said Dr. Blumberg. "Our findings suggest that it will be important to explore parameters related to long-term organ viability when assessing the potential impact of using HIV-infected organ donors for HIV-infected patients." The results could also help inform the ongoing process of implementing the HOPE Act.

INFORMATION:



ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Germination can make buckwheat more nutritious

2015-05-14
CHICAGO -- With the increasing demand for food with health benefits, high nutritional value food materials are attracting more attention from both consumers and food manufacturers. A new study by researchers at Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd. in the Journal of Food Science, published by the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), found that germinated buckwheat, an important raw material for food and functional food production, had better nutritional value than ungerminated buckwheat. Germination is a complex process in which ...

Smaller volumes in certain regions of the brain could lead to increased likelihood of drug addiction

2015-05-14
An article publishing online today in Brain: A Journal of Neurology has found that individual differences in brain structure could help to determine the risk for future drug addiction. The study found that occasional users who subsequently increased their drug use compared with those who did not, showed brain structural differences when they started using drugs. In the two studies, researchers, led by Dr. Benjamin Becker, scanned the brain structure of 66 participants to provide the first likely evidence showing volumes of fronto-striato-limbic regions of the brain have ...

Octopus arm inspires future surgical tool

2015-05-14
A robotic arm that can bend, stretch and squeeze through cluttered environments has been created by a group of researchers from Italy. Inspired by the eight arms of the octopus, the device has been specifically designed for surgical operations to enable surgeons to easily access remote, confined regions of the body and, once there, manipulate soft organs without damaging them. It is believed the device could reduce the number of instruments, and thus entry incisions, necessary in surgical operations, with part of the arm being used to manipulate organs whilst another ...

Anemia distorts regular method of diabetes diagnosis and questions its reliability

2015-05-14
The use of glycated haemoglobin (sugar-bound haemoglobin, or HbA1c) is now in almost universal use to assist doctors in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. However new research published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes) highlights how anaemia--a common condition in the general population, especially in women--can lead to a false diagnosis of diabetes based on HbA1c, when a person's blood sugar control is actually normal. The research is by Dr Emma English, University of Nottingham, UK, and colleagues. In recent years, ...

The Lancet: Testing hand-grip strength could be a simple, low-cost way to predict heart attack and stroke risk

2015-05-14
Weak grip strength is linked with shorter survival and a greater risk of having a heart attack or stroke, according to an international study involving almost 140000 adults from 17 culturally and economically diverse countries [1]. The study, published in The Lancet, also found that grip strength is a stronger predictor of death than systolic blood pressure, and the authors suggest that it could be used as a quick, low-cost screening tool by doctors or other healthcare professionals to identify high-risk patients among people who develop major illnesses such as heart ...

Your handshake tells the story of your health

2015-05-14
Hamilton, ON (May 13, 2015) - The firmness of your hand grip is better than your blood pressure at assessing your health, Hamilton researchers have found, and reduced muscular strength, measured by your grip, is consistently linked with early death, disability and illness. The research by the Population Health Research Institute of McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences was published in the journal The Lancet today. "Grip strength could be an easy and inexpensive test to assess an individual's risk of death and cardiovascular disease," said principal investigator ...

Penn study finds that various financial incentives help smokers quit

2015-05-14
PHILADELPHIA - Four different financial incentive programs, each worth roughly $800 over six months, all help more smokers kick the habit than providing free access to behavioral counseling and nicotine replacement therapy. Further, the way in which equally-sized payouts are structured influences their effectiveness. The findings are the result of a year-long randomized trial among CVS Caremark (now CVS Health) employees that was conducted by researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and is published online first in the New England ...

X-linked gene mutations cause some cases of male infertility, Pitt study says

2015-05-14
PITTSBURGH, May 13, 2015 - Some cases of male infertility are due to mutations in the maternal X chromosome that prevent development of viable sperm, according to a study led by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Magee-Womens Research Institute (MWRI). The study was published online today in the New England Journal of Medicine. Nearly half of cases of male infertility not due to a physical obstruction are estimated to have genetic roots, and about 20 percent of infertile men have azoospermia, meaning they don't make sperm, explained ...

Myriad showcases its pioneering research at the 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

2015-05-14
SALT LAKE CITY, Utah, May 13, 2015 - Myriad Genetics, Inc. (NASDAQ: MYGN) today announced it will present data from 19 clinical studies at the 2015 American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting to be held May 29 to June 2, 2015 in Chicago, Ill. Key podium presentations will highlight new prospective research programs with advanced companion diagnostic and molecular diagnostic tests aimed at revolutionizing how we treat and prevent cancers. Abstracts of the Company's presentations are available at: abstracts.asco.org. "Advances in personalized medicine will include ...

Economic burden of cancer extends into survivorship

2015-05-14
A new study finds the economic burden of cancer extends beyond diagnosis and treatment, and concludes that cancer survivors face thousands of dollars of excess medical expenses every year as well as excess employment disability and loss of production at work. The study abstract is being presented at the upcoming ASCO Annual Meeting and was released online today. Researchers led by Zhiyuan "Jason" Zheng examined the economic burden among survivors of the three most prevalent cancers (colorectal, female breast, and prostate) in nonelderly and elderly populations in the ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

Thirty-year mystery of dissonance in the “ringing” of black holes explained

Less intensive works best for agricultural soil

Arctic rivers project receives “national champion” designation from frontiers foundation

Computational biology paves the way for new ALS tests

Study offers new hope for babies born with opioid withdrawal syndrome

UT, Volkswagen Group of America celebrate research partnership

New Medicare program could dramatically improve affordability for cancer drugs – if patients enroll

Are ‘zombie’ skin cells harmful or helpful? The answer may be in their shapes

University of Cincinnati Cancer Center presents research at AACR 2025

Head and neck, breast, lung and survivorship studies headline Dana-Farber research at AACR Annual Meeting 2025

AACR: Researchers share promising results from MD Anderson clinical trials

New research explains why our waistlines expand in middle age

Advancements in muon detection: Taishan Antineutrino Observatory's innovative top veto tracker

Chips off the old block

Microvascular decompression combined with nerve combing for atypical trigeminal neuralgia

Cutting the complexity from digital carpentry

Lung immune cell type “quietly” controls inflammation in COVID-19

Fiscal impact of expanded Medicare coverage for GLP-1 receptor agonists to treat obesity

State and sociodemographic trends in US cigarette smoking with future projections

Young adults drive historic decline in smoking

NFCR congratulates Dr. Robert C. Bast, Jr. on receiving the AACR-Daniel D. Von Hoff Award for Outstanding Contributions to Education and Training in Cancer Research

Chimpanzee stem cells offer new insights into early embryonic development

This injected protein-like polymer helps tissues heal after a heart attack

FlexTech inaugural issue launches, pioneering interdisciplinary innovation in flexible technology

In Down syndrome mice, 40Hz light and sound improve cognition, neurogenesis, connectivity

Methyl eugenol: potential to inhibit oxidative stress, address related diseases, and its toxicological effects

A vascularized multilayer chip reveals shear stress-induced angiogenesis in diverse fluid conditions

AI helps unravel a cause of Alzheimer's disease and identify a therapeutic candidate

Coalition of Autism Scientists critiques US Department of Health and Human Services Autism Research Initiative

Structure dictates effectiveness, safety in nanomedicine

[Press-News.org] Study investigates the quality of organs from potential donors with HIV