PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

Machine learning clinical prediction models fail to generalize across trial data

2024-01-11
(Press-News.org) Clinical prediction models for schizophrenia treatment outcomes that work well within the trials from which they were developed fail to generalize to future trials, according to a new study. “The findings not only highlight the necessity for more stringent methodological standards for machine learning approaches but also require reexamination of the practical challenges that precision medicine is facing,” writes Frederike Petzschner in a related Perspective. Despite receiving the same treatments for the same afflictions, some patients get better while others show no improvement. Precision medicine approaches seek to address this problem by providing tailored treatments for individual patients. Machine learning models that can mine large and complex data to pinpoint the genetic, socioeconomic, or biological markers that predict the right treatment for an individual are considered promising tools for improving precision medicine and medical outcomes. However, these models are often only validated based on their success in datasets or clinical contexts for which the outcome, such as the response to a given treatment, is already known. Although critical, how these models perform on unforeseen data or independent patient samples isn’t well understood. To address this, Adam Chekroud and colleagues evaluated how well a machine learning model generalized across several independent clinical trials of antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia. While the models predicted patient outcomes with high accuracy within the dataset from which they were developed, their performance fell to no better than chance levels when applied to independent trial data. Even when data from multiple clinical trials was aggregated to train the model, its predictions still failed to generalize to a new, independent clinical trial. The findings suggest that a model’s approximations based on a single dataset provide very limited insight into their future performance. The authors highlight three key reasons as to why this is likely. “The field as a whole… hope that machine learning approaches can eventually improve the allocation of treatments in medicine; however, we should a priori remain skeptical of any predictive model findings that lack an independent sample for validation,” write Chekroud et al.

END


ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Shark fishing mortality on the rise despite regulatory change

2024-01-11
Despite widespread legislation and fishing regulations aimed at reducing wasteful shark finning practices, global shark fishing mortality is still on the rise, researchers report. The findings suggest that improved regulations are needed to reverse the continued overexploitation of these species. Over the last several decades, sharks have been increasingly recognized as some of the planet’s most threatened wildlife. Increasing shark mortality has been driven in part by overfishing – large numbers of sharks are often captured as bycatch in tuna ...

Comprehensive assessment reveals high extinction risks for thousands of Atlantic Forest trees in eastern South America

2024-01-11
A comprehensive analysis of tree species’ conservation statuses across Atlantic Forest trees reveals high extinction risks. According to the report, roughly two-thirds of the 4950 tree species living in this biodiversity hotspot are threatened with extinction. This includes 82% of endemic species, which have quite limited geographic ranges. Based on these findings, the authors suggest that the conservation status of tropical forests worldwide may be worse than previously believed. Conservation efforts and decisions often ...

Lab-grown retinas explain why people see colors dogs can’t

Lab-grown retinas explain why people see colors dogs can’t
2024-01-11
With human retinas grown in a petri dish, researchers discovered how an offshoot of vitamin A generates the specialized cells that enable people to see millions of colors, an ability that dogs, cats, and other mammals do not possess. “These retinal organoids allowed us for the first time to study this very human-specific trait,” said author Robert Johnston, an associate professor of biology. “It’s a huge question about what makes us human, what makes us different.” The findings, published in PLOS Biology, increase understanding of color ...

KAUST scientists unveil blueprint for affordable solar cells to power Saudi Arabia and beyond

KAUST scientists unveil blueprint for affordable solar cells to power Saudi Arabia and beyond
2024-01-11
Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, Month Day, Year – Scientists at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) have unveiled a roadmap for bringing perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells to market, paving the way for a future powered by abundant, inexpensive clean energy in Saudi Arabia and the world.   The authors of the article, published in esteemed journal Science, include Prof. Stefaan De Wolf and his research team at the KAUST Solar Center.  The team is working on improving solar efficiency to meet Saudi Arabia’ solar targets.  Perovskite/silicon tandem technology combines the strengths of two materials – perovskite's efficient ...

Quest for personalized medicine hits a snag

2024-01-11
New Haven, Conn. — The quest for personalized medicine, a medical approach in which practitioners use a patient’s unique genetic profile to tailor individual treatment, has emerged as a critical goal in the health care sector. But a new Yale-led study shows that the mathematical models currently available to predict treatments have limited effectiveness. In an analysis of clinical trials for multiple schizophrenia treatments, the researchers found that the mathematical algorithms were able to predict patient outcomes within the specific ...

Bridging light and electrons

Bridging light and electrons
2024-01-11
When light goes through a material, it often behaves in unpredictable ways. This phenomenon is the subject of an entire field of study called “nonlinear optics”, which is now integral to technological and scientific advances from laser development and optical frequency metrology, to gravitational wave astronomy and quantum information science. In addition, recent years have seen nonlinear optics applied in optical signal processing, telecommunications, sensing, spectroscopy, light detection and ranging. All these applications involve the miniaturization of devices ...

Climate change spells disaster for termite-loving numbats

2024-01-11
Australia is known for its wonderous and unique wildlife. But, just like the rest of the world, Australia is expected to get even hotter because of climate change. This could spell disaster for many of the marsupials that call the drier regions of the country home as it may get too hot for them to handle. To make things even more difficult, many of these marsupials are endangered thanks to habitat loss and introduced species such as domestic cats and red foxes. Therefore, finding a way to study these animals without disturbing them is critical to ensure their survival. This realisation led Christine Cooper (Curtin University, ...

ACIP releases 2024 Adult Immunization Schedule featuring four new vaccines

2024-01-11
Embargoed for release until 1:00 p.m. ET on Thursday 11 January 2024  Annals of Internal Medicine Tip Sheet  @Annalsofim  Below please find a summary for new article that will be published in of Annals of Internal Medicine. The summary is not intended to substitute for the full articles as a source of information. This information is under strict embargo and by taking it into possession, media representatives are committing to the terms of the embargo not only on their own behalf, but also on behalf of the organization they represent.      -------------------------------------------------   ACIP ...

Thermal vision shows endangered numbats feel the heat of warming climate

Thermal vision shows endangered numbats feel the heat of warming climate
2024-01-11
Curtin University research using thermal imaging of numbats in Western Australia has found that during hot weather the endangered animals are limited to as little as ten minutes of activity in the sun before they overheat to a body temperature of greater than 40°C. Lead author Dr Christine Cooper, from Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences, said despite using techniques such as raising or flattening their fur to regulate body temperature, numbats were prone to overheating, which was an important consideration for future conservation efforts, particularly given our warming climate. “Active only during ...

A call for improved CDC communication on adult immunization

2024-01-11
In an editorial in the Annals of Internal Medicine, CUNY SPH Distinguished Lecturer Scott Ratzan, Senior Scholar Ken Rabin, and colleagues call for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to “raise its persuasive communications game” on adult immunization to clinicians and the public. They argue that disseminating scientific information alone will not suffice in the present environment of disinformation and low trust in public health. The editorial is in response to the CDC’s ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

CMD-OPT model enables the discovery of a potent and selective RIPK2 inhibitor as preclinical candidate for the treatment of acute liver injury

Melatonin receptor 1a alleviates sleep fragmentation-aggravated testicular injury in T2DM by suppression of TAB1/TAK1 complex through FGFR1

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals Shen-Bai-Jie-Du decoction retards colorectal tumorigenesis by regulating the TMEM131–TNF signaling pathway-mediated differentiation of immunosuppressive dendritic ce

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B Volume 15, Issue 7 Publishes

New research expands laser technology

Targeted radiation offers promise in patients with metastasized small cell lung cancer to the brain

A high clinically translatable strategy to anti-aging using hyaluronic acid and silk fibroin co-crosslinked hydrogels as dermal regenerative fillers

Mount Sinai researchers uncover differences in how males and females change their mind when reflecting on past mistakes

CTE and normal aging are difficult to distinguish, new study finds

Molecular arms race: How the genome defends itself against internal enemies

Tiny chip speeds up antibody mapping for faster vaccine design

KTU experts reveal why cultural heritage is important for community unity

More misfolded proteins than previously known may contribute to Alzheimer’s and dementia

“Too much going on”: Autistic adults overwhelmed by non-verbal social cues

What’s driving America’s deep freezes in a warming world?

A key role of brain protein in learning and memory is deciphered by scientists

Heart attacks don’t follow a Hollywood script

Erin M. Schuman wins 2026 Nakasone Award for discovery on neural synapse function and change during formation of memories

Global ocean analysis could replace costly in-situ sound speed profiles in seafloor positioning, study finds

Power in numbers: Small group professional coaching reduces rates of physician burnout by nearly 30%

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage: A comprehensive review of CCUS-EOR

New high-temperature stable dispersed particle gel for enhanced profile control in CCUS applications

State gun laws and firearm-related homicides and suicides

Use of tobacco and cannabis following state-level cannabis legalization

Long-term obesity and biological aging in young adults

Eindhoven University of Technology and JMIR Publications announce unlimited open access publishing agreement

Orphan nuclear receptors in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease development

A technological breakthrough for ultra-fast and greener AI

Pusan National University researchers identify key barriers hindering data-driven smart manufacturing adoption

Inking heterometallic nanosheets: A scalable breakthrough for coating, electronics, and electrocatalyst applications

[Press-News.org] Machine learning clinical prediction models fail to generalize across trial data