PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

Discovery of a subset of human short introns that are spliced out by a novel mechanism

Researchers confirm that the established pre-mRNA splicing mechanism that appears in textbooks cannot work in a subset of human short introns: A novel SAP30BP–RBM17 complex-dependent splicing has been uncovered

Discovery of a subset of human short introns that are spliced out by a novel mechanism
2024-02-14
(Press-News.org)

In humans, the length of pre-mRNA varies extensively (from 30 to 1,160,411 nucleotides by recent studies). The fundamental mechanism of splicing has been studied with model pre-mRNAs including 158- and 231-nt introns, for historical instance, that are spliced very efficiently in vitro and in vivo. Such an ideal pre-mRNA contains good splicing signal sequences, i.e., the 5′ splice site, the branch-site (BS) sequence, and the polypyrimidine tract (PPT) followed by the 3′ splice site that are recognized by U1 snRNP, U2 snRNP and U2AF2–U2AF1, respectively. Prof. Mayeda says, “Given the diverse lengths of human introns, it is likely that more than one mechanism exists. This is our motivation to initiate our study of splicing focused on human short introns.”

 

Dr. Fukumura explains, “Our previous research on the splicing process on short intron revealed that the authentic splicing factor U2AF2 cannot bind to the truncated PPT and then RBM17 is replaced with U2AF to promote splicing. You know, this is reasonable because short introns are often too tight for the sufficient length of PPT. We published this finding in 2021. However, RBM17 cannot bind to the truncated PPT in vitro, so we did not know how the truncated PPT and the following the 3′ splice site are recognized by RRM17. Therefore, we hypothesized that another protein factor is involved in RBM17-dependent splicing.” The Mayeda group eventually identified this protein cofactor behind the RBM17-dependent splicing, which is the SAP30BP. Their study was published in Volume 42, Issue 12 of the journal Cell Reports on December 07, 2023.

 

Dr. Fukumura states, “It was critical to investigate previous references. From three papers, I was convinced that SAP30BP is the strongest candidate for the cofactor of RBM17.” They showed that the existence of SAP30BP in human early splicing complex, the fruit fly SAP30BP, and RBM17 were detected in fly spliceosome formed on a short intron, and the binding between SAP30BP and RBM17 was indeed detected by yeast two-hybrid analysis. “Nowadays, siRNA-mediated depletion of SAPBP in human cell line is the easy straightforward way to check the repression of RBM17-dependent splicing. And it was bingo!” says Dr. Fukumura.

 

The transcripts in SAP30BP-depleted human cells were analyzed by a next-generation sequencer (RNA-Seq analysis), and many RBM17- and SAP30BP-dependent introns were found. These introns were distributed in the shorter range and the truncated PPT was indeed a critical determinant of the RBM17/SAP30BP-dependency. Thus, RBM17 and SAP30BP are the general splicing factors.

 

Prof. Mayeda remarks, “It was a lucky coincidence that Prof. Michael Sattler, who is an expert in structural analyses, was keenly interested in our study, and we could start a productive collaboration.” Protein–protein interactions through UHM (U2AF-homology motif)–ULM(UHM-ligand motif) binding play essential roles in general splicing reactions. The Sattler lab found a hidden ULM sequence in SAP30BP, and demonstrated this was critical to interact with UHM in RBM17 by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry) analyses.

 

However, the role of RBM17–SAP30BP interaction remained enigmatic. Since RBM17 has only one UHM, the RBM17–SAP30BP binding has to be released before the RBM17 interaction with SF3B1, one component of U2 snRNP, that is essential to promote splicing. So, what is the role of the RBM17–SAP30BP interaction? Prof. Mayeda says, “Fukumura designed a smart binding assay using anti-phospho-SF3B1 antibodies to address this curious question, and we could provide an elegant working model (see IMAGE Figure).” We propose that the intermediary RBM17­­­–SAP30BP complex prevents non-functional RBM17 binding to free unphosphorylated SF3B, which promotes functional RBM17 binding to active phosphorylated SF3B1 on pre-mRNA.

***

 

Reference

Title of original paper: SAP30BP interacts with RBM17/SPF45 to promote splicing in a subset of human short introns

Journal: Cell Reports

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113534

 

 

About Fujita Health University

Fujita Health University is a private university situated in Toyoake, Aichi, Japan. It was founded in 1964 and houses one of the largest university hospitals in Japan in terms of the number of beds. With over 900 faculty members, the university is committed to providing various academic opportunities to students internationally. Fujita Health University has been ranked eighth among all universities and second among all private universities in Japan in the 2020 Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings. THE University Impact Rankings 2019 visualized university initiatives for sustainable development goals (SDGs). For the “good health and well-being” SDG, Fujita Health University was ranked second among all universities and number one among private universities in Japan. The university became the first Japanese university to host the "THE Asia Universities Summit" in June 2021, and was also the host university in 2022. The university’s founding philosophy is “Our creativity for the people (DOKUSOU-ICHIRI),” which reflects the belief that, as with the university’s alumni and alumnae, current students also unlock their future by leveraging their creativity.

Website: https://www.fujita-hu.ac.jp/en/index.html

 

About Senior Assistant Professor Kazuhiro Fukumura from Fujita Health University

Dr. Kazuhiro Fukumura is a Senior Assistant Professor at the Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, the Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University (Aichi, Japan). He earned a Ph.D. degree of Science in 2009 from the Graduate School of Science and Technology at Kobe University, Japan. Since then, he has been performing fundamental research with original ideas in the field of pre-mRNA splicing. He is one of the internationally recognized talented young investigators.

 

Funding information

The study was partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (grant number: 18K07304), (B) (grant number: JP16H04705) and (C) (grant number: JP21K06024) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). Research grants from the Hori Sciences and Arts Foundation, Nitto Foundation, Takeda Science Foundation, and Aichi Cancer Research Foundation were also partially supported this study.

END


[Attachments] See images for this press release:
Discovery of a subset of human short introns that are spliced out by a novel mechanism Discovery of a subset of human short introns that are spliced out by a novel mechanism 2 Discovery of a subset of human short introns that are spliced out by a novel mechanism 3

ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Cold-water coral traps itself on mountains in the deep sea

Cold-water coral traps itself on mountains in the deep sea
2024-02-14
Corals searching for food in the cold and dark waters of the deep sea are building higher and higher mountains to get closer to the source of their food. But in doing so, they may find themselves trapped when the climate changes. That is shown in the thesis that theoretical ecologist Anna van der Kaaden of NIOZ in Yerseke and the Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development in Utrecht will defend on Feb. 20 at the University of Groningen. “When the water gets warmer, these creatures prefer to be deeper, but a coral doesn’t just walk down the mountain,” Van der Kaaden said. Deep and dark Unlike the famous, colorful tropical corals, cold-water corals live ...

Cost-effective to routinely change surgical gloves and instruments as well as being safer

2024-02-14
Surgeons who routinely change surgical gloves and instruments are incurring similar costs to those using the same equipment, a new study has found. The economic evaluation funded by the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) follows a clinical trial conducted at 80 hospitals in Benin, Ghana, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa which established that routine change of gloves and instruments reduces surgical site infections (SSIs) by 13%. The evaluation, published by the Lancet Global ...

Scientists discover hidden army of lung flu fighters

Scientists discover hidden army of lung flu fighters
2024-02-14
Scientists have long thought of the fluid-filled sac around our lungs merely as a cushion from external damage. Turns out, it also houses potent virus-eating cells that rush into the lungs during flu infections. Not to be confused with phages, which are viruses that infect bacteria, these cells are macrophages, immune cells produced in the body.  “The name macrophage means ‘big eater.’ They gobble up bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and dying cells. Really, anything that looks foreign, they take it up and destroy it,” said UC Riverside virologist Juliet Morrison, who led the discovery team. “We were surprised to find them in the lungs ...

USC announces new Leonard D. Schaeffer Institute for Public Policy & Government Service

USC announces new Leonard D. Schaeffer Institute for Public Policy & Government Service
2024-02-14
USC, together with Leonard and his late wife Pamela Schaeffer, is launching a new institute with a $59 million gift from the Schaeffers to be anchored in Los Angeles and in the university’s new Capital Campus in Washington, D.C. The mission of the Leonard D. Schaeffer Institute for Public Policy & Government Service is to strengthen democracy by training generations of public leaders and advancing evidence-based research to shape policy that addresses the nation’s most pressing issues, USC President Carol Folt announced ...

Nearly 15% of Americans deny climate change is real, AI study finds

2024-02-14
  ANN ARBOR—Using social media data and artificial intelligence in a comprehensive national assessment, a new University of Michigan study reveals that nearly 15% of Americans deny that climate change is real. Scientists have long warned that a warming climate will cause communities around the globe to face increasing risks due to unprecedented levels of flooding, wildfires, heat stress, sea-level rise and more. Though the science is sound—even showing that human-induced, climate-related natural disasters are growing in frequency ...

Red nets signal “stop” to insect pests, reduce need for insecticides

Red nets signal “stop” to insect pests, reduce need for insecticides
2024-02-14
Red nets are better at keeping away a common agricultural insect pest than typical black or white nets, according to a new study. Researchers experimented with the effect of red, white, black and combination-colored nets on deterring onion thrips from eating Kujo leeks, also called Welsh onions. In both lab and field tests, red nets were significantly better at deterring the insect than other colors. Also, in field tests, onion crops which were either partially or fully covered by red netting required 25-50% less insecticide than was needed for a totally uncovered field. Changing agricultural nets from black or white to red could help reduce pesticide ...

AI tool predicts function of unknown proteins

AI tool predicts function of unknown proteins
2024-02-14
A new artificial intelligence (AI) tool that draws logical inferences about the function of unknown proteins promises to help scientists unravel the inner workings of the cell. Developed by KAUST bioinformatics researcher Maxat Kulmanov and colleagues, the tool outperforms existing analytical methods for forecasting protein functions and is even able to analyze proteins with no clear matches in existing datasets[1].   The model, termed DeepGO-SE, takes advantage of large language models similar to those ...

Promising new therapeutic approach for treating metastatic pancreatic cancer

2024-02-14
A research paper published today (14 February 2024) in Nature Cancer details new insights into the role of efferocytosis – the burying of dead cells – in pancreatic cancer that spreads to the liver. Liver metastasis occurs in 40–50% of people with pancreatic ductal adenosarcoma (PDAC), and there are currently no effective therapies to cure pancreatic cancer patients that have liver metastasis. Led by University of Liverpool’s Professor Michael Schmid and colleagues, this study found PDAC metastases to show high levels of immunosuppressive macrophages, a type of white blood ...

Neuronal insights: flash and freeze-fracture

Neuronal insights: flash and freeze-fracture
2024-02-14
Fear and addiction exert significant influence within society. Managing them is often challenging, as they are driven by intricate neuronal circuits in our brains. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial to intervene when these processes malfunction. Pioneered by scientists at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), the novel “Flash and Freeze-fracture” technique provides a unique glimpse into the respective brain region. The results were recently published in the journal PNAS. While looking for food, a bird encounters a fox. It gets away just in time, but the sight ...

Tiny crustaceans discovered preying on live jellyfish during harsh Arctic night

Tiny crustaceans discovered preying on live jellyfish during harsh Arctic night
2024-02-14
In the dark and cold of the months-long polar night, food resources are limited. Some groups of marine organisms in the polar regions overcome this challenge by going into a metabolic resting state in winter, surviving on reserves accumulated during the short growth season. But others, such as several species of marine zooplankton, have evolved a different strategy: they shift from a specialized to an omnivorous diet during the polar night, profiting from a wide range of potentially less rewarding foods that are available throughout the year. Now, ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

Being physically active, even just a couple of days a week, may be key to better health

High-fat diet promote breast cancer metastasis in animal models

A router for photons

Nurses and AI collaborate to save lives, reduce hospital stays

Multi-resistance in bacteria predicted by AI model

Tinker Tots: A citizen science project to explore ethical dilemmas in embryo selection

Sensing sickness

Cost to build multifamily housing in California more than twice as high as in Texas

Program takes aim at drinking, unsafe sex, and sexual assault on college campuses

Inability to pay for healthcare reaches record high in U.S.

Science ‘storytelling’ urgently needed amid climate and biodiversity crisis

KAIST Develops Retinal Therapy to Restore Lost Vision​

Adipocyte-hepatocyte signaling mechanism uncovered in endoplasmic reticulum stress response

Mammals were adapting from life in the trees to living on the ground before dinosaur-killing asteroid

Low LDL cholesterol levels linked to reduced risk of dementia

Thickening of the eye’s retina associated with greater risk and severity of postoperative delirium in older patients

Almost one in ten people surveyed report having been harmed by the NHS in the last three years

Enhancing light control with complex frequency excitations

New research finds novel drug target for acute myeloid leukemia, bringing hope for cancer patients

New insight into factors associated with a common disease among dogs and humans

Illuminating single atoms for sustainable propylene production

New study finds Rocky Mountain snow contamination

Study examines lactation in critically ill patients

UVA Engineering Dean Jennifer West earns AIMBE’s 2025 Pierre Galletti Award

Doubling down on metasurfaces

New Cedars-Sinai study shows how specialized diet can improve gut disorders

Making moves and hitting the breaks: Owl journeys surprise researchers in western Montana

PKU Scientists simulate the origin and evolution of the North Atlantic Oscillation

ICRAFT breakthrough: Unlocking A20’s dual role in cancer immunotherapy

How VR technology is changing the game for Alzheimer’s disease

[Press-News.org] Discovery of a subset of human short introns that are spliced out by a novel mechanism
Researchers confirm that the established pre-mRNA splicing mechanism that appears in textbooks cannot work in a subset of human short introns: A novel SAP30BP–RBM17 complex-dependent splicing has been uncovered