PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

New research finds biases encoded in language across cultures and history

2024-06-14
(Press-News.org) In a new study, published in Social Psychological and Personality Science, researchers share evidence that people’s attitudes are deeply woven into language and culture across the globe and centuries.

The researchers looked at connections between people’s attitudes and language from 55 different topics like rich vs. poor, dogs vs. cats, or love vs. money. They used four text sources: Current English writing and text, English books going back 200 years, and texts in 53 languages other than English. As a measure of people’s attitudes, they used data from over 100,000 Americans; first, direct self-reports, and second, an indirect measure based on a people’s reaction times, often referred to as implicitly-measured attitudes.

They found that the associations picked up by large AI language models like ChatGPT match more closely with the second indirect measure rather than the attitudes they explicitly state.

"With the rise of AI and large language model applications, we as consumers, leaders, researchers, or policy makers need to understand what these models are representing about the social world,” says lead author Dr. Tessa Charlesworth, of Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management. “Do they have obvious, explicit preferences? Or do they have more hidden patterns of associations more akin to implicitly-measured attitudes?”

Mitigating these subtle biases in AI will require different approaches than looking for explicit biases. "Rather than auditing the models at the end to see if they show obvious, explicit bias, we will likely need to dig deeper into the patterns in the training data itself and provide alternative examples of associations," says Dr. Charlesworth.

More broadly, "The data show that implicitly-measured attitudes are revealed in and perhaps reinforced by language, which is a key vehicle of transmitting culture," notes Dr. Charlesworth. As such, "If we want to durably address and reduce implicit bias in society, we will likely need interventions that adopt a more cultural (or macro level) focus."

While emphasizing the correlational nature, the researchers aim to continue exploring sociocultural influences. "Given that we saw some variation in which of the non-English languages showed the correlation, it is important to understand what kind of social and cultural factors could help explain greater transmission between bias and language," says Dr. Charlesworth.

The study lays the groundwork for a better understanding of the subtle ways in which attitudes become entangled with the systems of language and communication, enveloping us - both today and echoing through centuries past.

END


ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Mothers lower risk of caesarean births after COVID vaccination

2024-06-14
Pregnant women who have been vaccinated against Covid-19 are less likely to have a caesarean section or experience hypertension, according to a study.          A meta-analysis funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre of 67 studies which included more than 1.8m women found that being fully vaccinated against COVID-19 had a protective benefit against infection and hospitalisation, while vaccination with at least one dose lowered the risk of adverse pregnancy-related and neonatal outcomes.   Drawing on ...

Ultrasensitive liquid biopsy tech spots cancer earlier than standard methods

2024-06-14
An artificial intelligence-powered method for detecting tumor DNA in blood has shown unprecedented sensitivity in predicting cancer recurrence, in a study led by researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian, the New York Genome Center (NYGC) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). The new technology has the potential to improve cancer care with the very early detection of recurrence and close monitoring of tumor response during therapy. In the study, which appears June 14 in Nature Medicine, the researchers showed that they could train a machine learning model, a type ...

New study emphasizes tradeoffs between arresting groundwater depletion and food security

2024-06-14
Washington DC, June 14, 2024: A study by authors from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), published today in Nature Sustainability, reaffirms the world’s growing dependence on depleting groundwater systems. Although efforts to slow down groundwater depletion need to be urgently accelerated, this study indicates that such efforts – in the absence of other accompanying measures – would likely lead to significant food security impacts. The study finds that ending groundwater depletion would lead to sharp declines in food production, ...

Germline CDH1 variants and lifetime cancer risk

2024-06-14
About The Study: Among families from North America with germline CDH1 P/LP variants, the cumulative risk of gastric cancer was 7% to 10%, which was lower than previously described, and the cumulative risk of breast cancer among female carriers was 37%, which was similar to prior estimates. These findings inform current management of individuals with germline CDH1 variants. Quote from corresponding author Jeremy L. Davis, M.D.: “We showed that the lifetime risk of cancer, specifically stomach cancer, in people born with CDH1 gene mutations is lower ...

Dapagliflozin for critically ill patients with acute organ dysfunction

2024-06-14
About The Study: The addition of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, to standard care for critically ill patients and acute organ dysfunction did not improve clinical outcomes; however, confidence intervals were wide and could not exclude relevant benefits or harms for dapagliflozin.  Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Fernando G. Zampieri, M.D., Ph.D., email fernando.zampieri@einstein.br. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jama.2024.10510) Editor’s ...

RECLARIT: Self-management in practice

2024-06-14
Disease activity, structural damage, and progression all impact the lives of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and can cause psychosocial distress. While inhibition of inflammation and structural changes have improved significantly following advances in pharmacological treatment in recent dates, the observed impact of these disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) on key psychosocial outcomes is limited.3 An important feature within the EULAR recommendations on self-management in people with inflammatory arthritis is that digital healthcare is tagged as being essential in supporting and optimising self-management2. . Thus healthcare professionals need to be aware ...

Survey now open: EULAR invites patients across Europe to participate in groundbreaking study on rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases

2024-06-14
People living with RMDs can now fill out the survey online, sharing their experiences to help build a comprehensive understanding of their disease's impact. The data collected will be invaluable for researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients themselves, providing insights into the burden of RMDs and identifying areas for improvement in care.   EULAR is committed to inclusivity and accessibility; the survey will soon be available in multiple European languages in addition to English. This ensures that a diverse range of patients can contribute their perspectives, enhancing the richness and applicability of the data.   Participants will answer a baseline survey ...

EULAR launches the EULAR Network of Trial Centres (ENTRI), a unique initiative transforming the way clinical trials are delivered

2024-06-14
ENTRI aims to:  Create a network of clinical trial centres, accessible to all investigators and sponsors from both public and private sectors. Build capacity and training in clinical trials and experimental medicine studies. Provide RMD-related clinical trials toolkits underpinned by best practice.   By facilitating the delivery of incisive research trial studies, ENTRI helps generate the evidence required to implement changes in clinical practice that are meaningful and beneficial to patients. ENTRI members will be invited to participate in cutting-edge projects sponsored by both public and private sectors. Facilitating faster translation of results into ...

Could interferon signature aid in the diagnosis and stratification of pediatric Sjögren’s?

2024-06-14
Sjögren’s disease is rare in children, and presenting symptoms differ from those seen in adults. For example, paediatric patients present less often with sicca complaints, and more frequently with parotid gland swelling and fever.1 This new work aimed to identify potentially dysregulated molecular pathways in children with Sjögren’s disease by comparing the transcriptome of peripheral blood cells between 18 patients and 23 controls – using differential gene expression and pathway analysis. In addition to whole transcriptome analysis of blood samples, expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) was measured in paired ...

Putting rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) at the forefront of the next European Union healthcare agenda

2024-06-14
Why are RMDs an issue for Europe? RMDs, often dubbed 'the invisible diseases', affect approximately 120 million Europeans, constituting one in five individuals across the continent. Despite their prevalence, there remains a significant lack of awareness among policymakers and the general public, leading to their frequent neglect in political and financial agendas. However, the impact of RMDs is far-reaching, contributing to physical disability, chronic health conditions, and substantial economic burdens, amounting to an estimated 240 billion Euros annually. Furthermore, RMDs not only pose a direct threat to individual health but also contribute to the ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

With no prior training, dogs can infer how similar types of toys work, even when they don’t look alike

Three deadliest risk factors of a common liver disease identified in new study

Dogs can extend word meanings to new objects based on function, not appearance

Palaeontology: South American amber deposit ‘abuzz’ with ancient insects

Oral microbes linked to increased risk of pancreatic cancer

Soccer heading does most damage to brain area critical for cognition

US faces rising death toll from wildfire smoke, study finds

Scenario projections of COVID-19 burden in the US, 2024-2025

Disparities by race and ethnicity in percutaneous coronary intervention

Glioblastoma cells “unstick” from their neighbors to become more deadly

Oral bacterial and fungal microbiome and subsequent risk for pancreatic cancer

New light on toxicity of Bluefin tuna

Menopause drug reduces hot flashes by more than 70%, international clinical trial finds

FGF21 muscle hormone associated with slow ALS progression and extended survival

Hitting the right note: The healing power of music therapy in the cardiac ICU

Cardiovascular disease risk rises in Mexico, despite improved cholesterol control

Flexible optical touch sensor simultaneously pinpoints pressure strength and location

Achalasia diagnosis simplified to AI plus X-ray

PolyU scholars pioneer smart and sustainable personal cooling technologies to address global extreme heat

NIH grant aims for childhood vaccine against HIV

Menstrual cycle and long COVID: A relation confirmed

WMO report on global water resources: 2024 was characterized by both extreme drought and intense rainfall

New findings explain how a mutation in a cancer-related gen causes pulmonary fibrosis

Thermal trigger

SNU materials science and engineering team identifies reconstruction mechanism of copper alloy catalysts for CO₂ conversion

New book challenges misconceptions about evolution and our place in the tree of life

Decoding a decade of grouper grunts unlocks spawning secrets, shifts

Smart robots revolutionize structural health monitoring

Serum-derived hsa_circ_101555 as a diagnostic biomarker in non-hepatocellular carcinoma chronic liver disease

Korea University study identifies age 70 as cutoff for chemotherapy benefit in colorectal cancer

[Press-News.org] New research finds biases encoded in language across cultures and history