PRESS-NEWS.org - Press Release Distribution
PRESS RELEASES DISTRIBUTION

White Matter May Aid Recovery From Spinal Cord Injuries: Study

White Matter May Aid Recovery From Spinal Cord Injuries: Study
2024-08-02
(Press-News.org) Injuries, infection and inflammatory diseases that damage the spinal cord can lead to intractable pain and disability. Some degree of recovery may be possible. The question is, how best to stimulate the regrowth and healing of damaged nerves.

At the Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), scientists are focusing on a previously understudied part of the brain and spinal cord — white matter. Their discoveries could lead to treatments that restore nerve activity through the targeted delivery of electromagnetic stimuli or drugs.

As in the brain, the spinal cord is made up nerve cell bodies (gray matter), which process sensation and control voluntary movement, and axons (white matter), fibers that connect nerve cells and which project to the rest of the body.

In a recent paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Anirban Sengupta, PhD, John Gore, PhD, and their colleagues report the detection of signals from white matter in the spinal cord in response to a stimulus that are as robust as gray matter signals.

“In the spinal cord, the white matter signal is quite large and detectable, unlike in the brain, where it has less amplitude than the gray matter (signal),” said Sengupta, research instructor in Radiology and Radiological Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

“This may be due to the larger volume of white matter in the spinal cord compared to the brain,” he added. Alternatively, the signal could represent “an intrinsic demand” in metabolism within the white matter, reflecting its critical role in supporting gray matter.

For several years, Gore, who directs the VUIIS, and his colleagues have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to detect blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signals, a key marker of nervous system activity, in white matter.

Last year they reported that when people who are having their brains scanned by fMRI perform a task, like wiggling their fingers, BOLD signals increase in white matter throughout the brain.

The current study monitored changes in BOLD signals in the white matter of the spinal cord at rest and in response to a vibrotactile stimulus applied to the fingers in an animal model. In response to stimulation, white matter activity was higher in “tracts” of ascending fibers that carry the signal from the spine to the brain.

This result is consistent with white matter’s known neurobiological function, the researchers noted. White matter contains non-neuronal glial cells that do not produce electrical impulses, but which regulate blood flow and neurotransmitters, the signaling molecules that transmit signals between nerve cells.

Much remains to be learned about the function of white matter in the spinal cord. But the findings from this research may help in improved understanding of diseases that affect white matter in the spinal cord, including multiple sclerosis, Sengupta said.

“We will be able to see how activity in the white matter changes in different stages of the disease,” he said. Researchers also may be able to monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, including neuromodulation, in promoting recovery following spinal cord injury.

Sengupta, the paper’s corresponding author, earned his doctorate at the Indian Institute of Technology in New Delhi in 2018, and joined the Vanderbilt faculty in 2024 after completing a postdoctoral fellowship at VUIIS.

Gore is University Distinguished Professor of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Physics and Astronomy. Other VUIIS co-authors were Arabinda Mishra, Feng Wang, PhD, and Li Min Chen, MD, PhD.

The study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01NS092961 and R01NS113832.

 

 

 

 

END


[Attachments] See images for this press release:
White Matter May Aid Recovery From Spinal Cord Injuries: Study White Matter May Aid Recovery From Spinal Cord Injuries: Study 2

ELSE PRESS RELEASES FROM THIS DATE:

Reduction in folate intake linked to healthier aging in animal models

2024-08-02
August 1, 2024 - by Ashley Vargo - In a study published in Life Science Alliance, Texas A&M AgriLife Research scientists found that decreasing folate intake can support healthier metabolisms in aging animal models, challenging the conventional belief that high folate consumption universally benefits health. The study was led by Michael Polymenis, Ph.D., professor and associate head of graduate programs in the Texas A&M College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.   Michael Polymenis, Ph.D., principal investigator, ...

How America’s elites may hold the key to lowering murder rates

2024-08-02
COLUMBUS, Ohio – New crime laws, police funding and similar efforts may have some effect on homicide rates in the United States – but the biggest impact will come from the actions of our political and economic elites.   That’s the conclusion of historian Randolph Roth, author of the 2009 book American Homicide, in a new report he wrote for the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation.   Roth, who is a professor of history at The Ohio State University, provides evidence that homicide rates are linked to how citizens feel about the legitimacy of government and their sense of connectedness ...

NSF awards new funding to bolster UVA research computing project

2024-08-02
The National Science Foundation is awarding a new grant to support the Virginia Assuring Controls Compliance of Research Data project, known as ACCORD, a program that has helped students and faculty at universities across Virginia gain access to critical research computing resources. The ACCORD program has provided a platform for researchers to securely share and store data as well as take on projects that require the protection of sensitive data. Participants have included minority-serving institutions, those that do not grant Ph.D. degrees, and others that lack this computing infrastructure. Neal Magee, an associate professor with the University of Virginia’s ...

FDA approves engineered cell therapy for treating rare sarcoma

2024-08-02
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted accelerated approval for the immunotherapy afamitresgene autoleuecel (Tecelra®, also known as afami-cel) for the treatment of adults with a rare soft tissue cancer called synovial sarcoma. Afami-cel is the first engineered T cell therapy to receive FDA approval for a solid tumor cancer.  The clinical trial that resulted in the drug’s approval was led by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) sarcoma specialist and immunotherapy expert Sandra D’Angelo, MD.  “This treatment offers an important new option for people with this rare cancer,” Dr. D’Angelo ...

Emory researchers help discover source of deadly fungal infections in bone marrow transplant patients, new study finds

Emory researchers help discover source of deadly fungal infections in bone marrow transplant patients, new study finds
2024-08-02
Emory researcher David Weiss has spent years studying a baffling phenomenon called heteroresistance, in which a tiny fraction of bacteria remain resistant to antibiotics, while the remainder succumb. Recently, he brought his scientific acumen to the equally deadly threat of fungal bloodstream infections in patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Bloodstream infections can be lethal in these patients, including infections from Candida parapsilosis, a species of fungi that can live in the digestive tract and occasionally make it into the bloodstream. Weiss partnered ...

Brain activity associated with specific words is mirrored between speaker and listener during a conversation

Brain activity associated with specific words is mirrored between speaker and listener during a conversation
2024-08-02
When two people interact, their brain activity becomes synchronized, but it was unclear until now to what extent this “brain-to-brain coupling” is due to linguistic information or other factors, such as body language or tone of voice. Researchers report August 2 in the journal Neuron that brain-to-brain coupling during conversation can be modeled by considering the words used during that conversation, and the context in which they are used. “We can see linguistic content emerge word-by-word ...

Prescription fills for semaglutide products

2024-08-02
About The Study: The number of prescriptions filled for semaglutide has increased substantially, reaching 2.6 million prescriptions filled at retail pharmacies by December 2023. While Ozempic persistently accounted for most semaglutide fills, increases were considerably greater for Wegovy since its approval for weight loss in June 2021. These increases, which primarily occurred following increased awareness of weight-loss benefits in late 2022, are likely contributing to the FDA-reported shortage of Ozempic and Wegovy first issued in March 2022. Despite the disproportionate burden of obesity in Medicaid and Medicare Part D populations, and recent increases in public spending ...

Safety and risk assessment of no-prescription online semaglutide purchases

2024-08-02
About The Study: This qualitative study found that semaglutide products are actively being sold without prescription by illegal online pharmacies, with vendors shipping unregistered and falsified products. Two websites evaluated were sent FDA warning letters for unlawful sale of unapproved and misbranded semaglutide. U.S. poison centers have reported a 1500% increase in calls related to semaglutide, highlighting the need for enhanced pharmacovigilance including for online sourcing harms. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Tim K. Mackey, MAS, PhD, email tkmackey@ucsd.edu. To ...

Glycated hemoglobin A1c time in range and dementia in older adults with diabetes

2024-08-02
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that for older adults with diabetes, maintaining hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) stability in individualized target ranges over time is associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias. Lower HbA1c time in range may identify patients at increased risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Paul R. Conlin, MD, email paul.conlin@va.gov. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this ...

Mast cells trap and use living neutrophils during allergic reactions

Mast cells trap and use living neutrophils during allergic reactions
2024-08-02
Inflammation is the body's response to harmful stimuli, characterized by heat, pain, redness, swelling, and loss of tissue function. When balanced, inflammation protects the body by clearing harmful agents and initiating tissue repair. However, excessive inflammation can cause tissue destruction and disease. Key players in this process are various immune cells, which work together during inflammation. The type of immune cells involved often varies depending on the harmful stimulus, influencing the outcome of the inflammatory response. Immune cell trapping during allergic responses Mast cells, residing in tissues and critical for initiating ...

LAST 30 PRESS RELEASES:

Reality check: making indoor smartphone-based augmented reality work

Overthinking what you said? It’s your ‘lizard brain’ talking to newer, advanced parts of your brain

Black men — including transit workers — are targets for aggression on public transportation, study shows

Troubling spike in severe pregnancy-related complications for all ages in Illinois

Alcohol use identified by UTHealth Houston researchers as most common predictor of escalated cannabis vaping among youths in Texas

Need a landing pad for helicopter parenting? Frame tasks as learning

New MUSC Hollings Cancer Center research shows how Golgi stress affects T-cells' tumor-fighting ability

#16to365: New resources for year-round activism to end gender-based violence and strengthen bodily autonomy for all

Earliest fish-trapping facility in Central America discovered in Maya lowlands

São Paulo to host School on Disordered Systems

New insights into sleep uncover key mechanisms related to cognitive function

USC announces strategic collaboration with Autobahn Labs to accelerate drug discovery

Detroit health professionals urge the community to act and address the dangers of antimicrobial resistance

3D-printing advance mitigates three defects simultaneously for failure-free metal parts 

Ancient hot water on Mars points to habitable past: Curtin study

In Patagonia, more snow could protect glaciers from melt — but only if we curb greenhouse gas emissions soon

Simplicity is key to understanding and achieving goals

Caste differentiation in ants

Nutrition that aligns with guidelines during pregnancy may be associated with better infant growth outcomes, NIH study finds

New technology points to unexpected uses for snoRNA

Racial and ethnic variation in survival in early-onset colorectal cancer

Disparities by race and urbanicity in online health care facility reviews

Exploring factors affecting workers' acquisition of exercise habits using machine learning approaches

Nano-patterned copper oxide sensor for ultra-low hydrogen detection

Maintaining bridge safer; Digital sensing-based monitoring system

A novel approach for the composition design of high-entropy fluorite oxides with low thermal conductivity

A groundbreaking new approach to treating chronic abdominal pain

ECOG-ACRIN appoints seven researchers to scientific committee leadership positions

New model of neuronal circuit provides insight on eye movement

Cooking up a breakthrough: Penn engineers refine lipid nanoparticles for better mRNA therapies

[Press-News.org] White Matter May Aid Recovery From Spinal Cord Injuries: Study