(Press-News.org) Researchers have developed a new approach to gene therapy that leans on the common pain reliever acetaminophen to force a variety of genetic diseases into remission.
A paper published in Science Translational Medicine describes how the novel technique successfully treated the blood-clotting disorder hemophilia and the debilitating metabolic disease known as phenylketonuria, or PKU, in mice.
The approach uses a benign lentivirus to both correct disease-causing mutations and to insert a new gene that makes liver cells immune to the potentially toxic effects of acetaminophen. The latter enables treated cells to survive -- and kills off untreated cells -- when they're repeatedly exposed to the over-the-counter medication that's also known by the brand name Tylenol. This allows the treated cells to multiply and creates a greater portion of liver cells being corrected.
"This gene therapy gets rid of liver cells that don't have a therapeutic gene inserted," said the paper's corresponding author, Markus Grompe, M.D., a professor of pediatrics, and molecular and medical genetics in the Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine.
"We're essentially poisoning untreated cells with excess amounts of Tylenol, an accessible drug that is already used by millions of people across the globe. Plus, acetaminophen's potential toxicity is controllable and doesn't leave permanent harm. Taking Tylenol to correct a genetic disease is a relative walk in the park, compared to the intense chemotherapy and radiation treatments patients have to undergo before they can receive a bone marrow transplant, for example."
Most gene therapies - including Luxturna, which treats a blindness-causing genetic mutation and became the first FDA-approved gene therapy for an inherited disease in late 2017 - use adeno-associated virus, or AAV, to deliver gene-correcting molecules to DNA.
While AAV can work well in cells that don't replicate, such as brain and eye cells, it isn't very successful in cells that divide. For example, when AAV-based gene therapy is given to liver cells, liver cells can multiply and dilute the gene therapy's effect over time. This is particularly a problem for treating genetic diseases in children, as the cells of growing children duplicate more quickly than adult cells.
To address the limitations of the currently popular standard AAV gene therapy, some use a different kind of AAV, which is designed to precisely integrate into chromosomes. Gene therapies that use either this approach or the lentivirus, as Grompe and his colleagues did, are more durable, and enable genetic corrections to be passed on as cells divide.
The typical approach to gene therapy also can't correct all cells, which means the therapeutic virus must be given in large amounts to ensure enough cells are treated to make a therapeutic difference. By adding genes that create Tylenol resistance in cells, this new gene therapy method can be given in doses that are about a 10th of the size of current AAV therapies. And Tylenol resistance can be integrated into a variety of gene therapies approaches - including AAV, according to Grompe.
Today, most severe liver diseases are treated with liver transplants. Grompe and his colleagues said their new approach to gene therapy can reduce the need for liver transplants, treat more genetic disorders in young children, and cut the cost of gene therapy.
The new gene therapy method could also be used to treat genetic conditions that involve liver cells, even if a disease doesn't cause symptoms in the liver.
The researchers are now adapting its technology, which has only been tested in mice to date, to nonhuman primates and also hope to test it in human cells.
INFORMATION:
This study was supported by LogicBio Therapeutics and the National Institutes of Health (grant T32 GM 713338-15).
REFERENCE: A. Vonda, A. Tiyaboonchi, S. Nygaard, J. Posey, A.M., Peters, S.R. Winn, A. Cantore, L. Naldini, C.O. Harding, M. Grompe, Therapeutic liver repopulation by transient acetaminophen selection of gene-modified hepatocytes, Science Translational Medicine, June 9, 2021, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg3047, https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/13/597/eabg3047.
In our interest of ensuring the integrity of our research and as part of our commitment to public transparency, OHSU actively regulates, tracks and manages relationships that our researchers may hold with entities outside of OHSU. In regards to this research, OHSU and Grompe have a significant financial interest in LogicBio Therapeutics, a company that may have a commercial interest in the results of this research and technology.
CINCINNATI--The disease is so rare and complex that its acronym is hard to pronounce. But for infants unlucky enough to be born with this lung disease, the outcome is usually fatal.
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Video link: https://youtu.be/w__vzNXSFoI
"Physics models have theorized this boundary for years," said Dan Reisenfeld, a scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory and lead author on the paper, which was published in the Astrophysical Journal today. "But this is the first time we've actually been able to measure it and make a three-dimensional map of it."
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Authors: Kali S. Thomas, Ph.D., of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, is the corresponding author.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13411)
Editor's Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional ...
What The Study Did: Researchers examined the association between the amount of ultra-processed food consumed by children and their weight in early adulthood.
Authors: Kiara Chang, Ph.D., of Imperial College London, is the corresponding author.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1573)
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Authors: Yunyu Xiao, Ph.D., of Indiana University-Purdue University in Indianapolis, is the corresponding author.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13513)
Editor's Note: The article includes conflicts of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including ...
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Now, a new study published in END ...
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With current testing methods, diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma--which have no symptoms in their early stages--are usually diagnosed only after vision is irreversibly affected.
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