A research team including a scientist of Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI) at Institute of Science Tokyo, Japan, has identified a novel principle in biology that mathematically explains why the growth of organisms slows as nutrients become more abundant—a phenomenon known as “the law of diminishing returns.” Understanding how living organisms grow under various nutritional environments has long been a central question in biology. Across microbes, plants, and animals, growth is shaped by the availability of nutrients, energy, and cellular machinery. While extensive ...

Highlights - A new optical transmission record of 430 Tb/s, surpassing the previous record of 402 Tb/s. - The breakthrough leverages international-standard-compliant, cutoff-shifted optical fibers with a novel approach that triples the capacity of certain spectral regions using spatial-division multiplexing. - This innovation promises to enhance metropolitan networks and inter-datacenter links by offering high throughput with reduced complexity, while utilizing existing optical fiber infrastructure.   Abstract The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT, President: TOKUDA Hideyuki, Ph.D.), together with 11 international ...

Risk prediction tools might help identify patients at the highest risk of overdose and death after a “before medically advised” (BMA) hospital discharge according to new research in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) https://www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.250492. Patients who leave hospital against the advice of a physician are about twice as likely to die and about 10 times more likely to experience an illicit drug overdose in the first 30 days after leaving hospital. Such BMA discharges are initiated ...

If you are among the 620 million people who lace up their running shoes on a regular basis, chances are that you’re an early riser. Hopefully, you will have got at least eight hours of good sleep the night before, otherwise your risk of injury skyrockets. That’s the finding from a new study led by Professor Jan de Jonge, a work and sports psychologist at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, and an Adjunct Professor at the University of South Australia. In a survey of 425 recreational runners, Prof de Jonge and his team found that those reporting shorter sleep duration, lower sleep ...

More than half of calories consumed in the United States come from ultra-processed foods (UPFs), items like fast food and packaged snacks that are often high in sodium, sugar and unhealthy fats. In adults, research has clearly linked these foods to type 2 diabetes and other conditions, but few studies have explored their effects among youth. Now, researchers from the Keck School of Medicine of USC have completed one of the first studies to examine the link between UPF consumption and how the body processes glucose, which is ...

Research led by the University of Auckland has cast light on the evolutionary origins of one of nature’s first motors, which developed 3.5 billion to 4 billion years ago to propel bacteria. Scientists have created the most comprehensive picture yet of the evolution of bacterial stators, proteins with roles similar to pistons in a car engine, says Dr Caroline Puente-Lelievre, of the School of Biological Sciences. Stator proteins sit in the bacterial cell wall, transforming charged particles (ions) into torque, creating propulsion for bacteria to swim. Stators likely evolved from ion transporter ...

The evolution of civil and hydraulic engineering spans across historical eras, deeply intertwined with societal, economic, and scientific advancement. Particularly, it mirrors the progress in science and technology. Emerging as the harmonious amalgamation of contemporary information technology and construction, intelligent construction emerges as the prime catalyst propelling the transformation and enhancement of the construction sector, steering it towards modernization. Centered around civil engineering, water management, and intelligent construction, this conference strives to bridge the latest scholarly accomplishments ...

The chemical industry is one of the largest on the planet, essential for supplying us with pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, materials and more. Great care is taken to optimize reagents and conditions for each reaction, striving for efficiency and, increasingly, sustainability. A growing field of synthesis is mechanochemistry, in which reagents are mixed using mechanical force, making for greener reactions with less solvent usage and enabling access to a wide array of essential chemicals. In a typical mechanochemistry setup, the reagents are placed in a jar ...

Mosunetuzumab and polatuzumab combined with axicabtagene ciloleucel induce high complete response rates at day+90 in Relapsed/Refractory large B-cell lymphoma  Dr. Jay Spiegel is the presenting author and all other authors are with Sylvester or the University of Miami. A phase 2 trial of abbreviated fixed-duration (Default 4 Cycles) linvoseltamab immuno-consolidation to deepen responses post newly diagnosed multiple myeloma combination therapy for minimal residual disease positivity (the IMMUNOPLANT Study) ...

New research from Edith Cowan University (ECU) has revealed a striking disconnect between how recreational athletes perceive their health and fitness, and how they feel about their bodies.   The research found that while 69 per cent of recreational athletes that participated in a survey considered themselves healthy and 62 per cent believed they were fit, only 26 per cent reported being satisfied with their body weight and shape.   The findings confirm a concerning trend that athletes, particularly those engaged in regular or structured physical activity, are statistically more likely to experience disordered eating and exercise behaviours ...

Our brains do not react in a fixed, mechanical way like electronic circuits. Even if we see the same scene every day on our commute to work, what we feel - and whether it leaves a lasting impression - depends on our internal state at that moment. For example, your commute may be a blur if you're too tired to pay attention to your surroundings. The 24-hour cycle that humans naturally follow is one of the factors that shapes the brain's internal environment. These internal physiological cycles arise from ...

Scientists have developed a fast, energy-efficient method to create an iron-carbon (Fe/C) catalyst that can remove antibiotic pollutants from both water and soil by using oxygen from the air. The study, published in Sustainable Carbon Materials, introduces a self-heating synthesis approach that could pave the way for greener environmental cleanup technologies. Antibiotic residues such as sulfamethoxazole, commonly found in wastewater and agricultural runoff, are a growing environmental concern. These contaminants persist in the environment and ...

As plastic pollution worsens worldwide, scientists are uncovering a new and unsettling possibility. Tiny airborne fragments of plastic, known as micro- and nanoplastics, may do more than pollute the air we breathe. They could also help viruses linger and travel farther, potentially influencing how respiratory diseases spread. A commentary published in New Contaminants by Mengjie Wu and Huan Zhong of Nanjing University calls attention to the emerging concern that airborne plastics might act as invisible vehicles for viruses. While plastics ...

Scientists at Japan's Institute for Molecular Science have achieved a 1,000-fold enhancement in white-light generation inside water by using non-harmonic two-color femtosecond laser excitation. This previously unexplored approach in liquids unlocks new nonlinear optical pathways, enabling a dramatic boost in supercontinuum generation. The breakthrough lays a foundation for next-generation bioimaging, aqueous-phase spectroscopy, and attosecond science in water. Researchers at the Institute for Molecular ...

The 15% expansion of food stamp payments under the supplemental nutrition assistance program, or SNAP for short, during the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced the odds of needy children going hungry, especially in Hispanic-American and large households, finds research to be published online in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health.   The findings are particularly relevant, given the projected 9-10% benefit reductions ($15/household/month) for typical families by 2034 under the terms of the 2025 Reconciliation Bill enacted in July ...

Philadelphia, PA — Large-scale, government-led cash transfer programs drove significant improvements in health outcomes across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), according to a major new study in The Lancet from researchers at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. More women received health care early in their pregnancies, more babies were born in health facilities, and more births were attended by trained health workers when governments gave money through cash transfer programs.   Giving cash leads to massive health improvements  Researchers ...

Research Highlights: After 24 months, 34% of veterans who have heart and blood vessel disease and high cholesterol in a quality improvement program that included health care coaches and other resources had improved cholesterol levels to below 70 mg/dL. The quality-improvement program increased the number of military veterans with better LDL (“bad” cholesterol) levels of less than 70mg/dL, and more than a third of those ages 75 and older achieved their lower cholesterol goal. Note: The study featured in this news release is a research abstract. Abstracts ...

NEW YORK, NY (November 2025) A new study published in Molecular Psychiatry reveals that the biological underpinnings of autism and ADHD may transcend traditional diagnostic boundaries. While there is increasing appreciation that ADHD and autism often co-occur, the underlying shared biological features have remained largely unknown. Researchers from the Child Mind Institute and collaborating institutions discovered that autism symptom severity, rather than diagnostic classification, corresponds to distinct ...

Research Highlights: A grocery support program based on the low-sodium DASH eating plan that included home-delivered groceries and dietary counseling reduced blood pressure levels in Black adults living in areas where grocery stores were inaccessible or scarce, known as food deserts. People who had groceries delivered to their homes and followed guidance from a dietitian for three months had greater improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol levels, compared to a similar group in the same community ...

Janelia researchers have uncovered a novel way that two of the structures inside cells—the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes—coordinate the production of proteins, highlighting how interactions between organelles are important for regulating cellular processes.  Inside every eukaryotic cell lies a vast and dynamic network known as the ER. Stretching through the cytoplasm, this intricate continuum of tubules, junctions, and cisternal sheets is not a passive scaffold but a hub of biosynthetic activity. The ER’s surfaces pulse with ribosomes—molecular structures that translate ...

Research Highlights: Adults in rural villages in China who participated in the Healthy Family Program, a family-based intervention that involved regular blood pressure monitoring, the use of low-sodium salt substitutes and educational sessions on healthy lifestyle habits, achieved an average of 10 mm Hg reduction in systolic blood pressure compared to adults who did not participate in the program. Six months after the program ended, the average systolic blood pressure for people who lived in participating villages remained 3.7 mm Hg lower compared to people who did not participate in the program, suggesting that they maintained the healthy habits they ...

Research Highlights: Two P2Y12 inhibitors often used interchangeably, ticagrelor and prasugrel (antiplatelet medications prescribed to prevent the formation of blood clots), had different impacts on outcomes in patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes who had undergone stent placement, a procedure done to keep an artery open, and free of clots or a blockage. While both medications help prevent platelets from clumping together and forming a clot in a stent, the study showed they may not offer the same level of benefits in the patients studied. The ...

Research Highlights: Chest pain may still be angina even when the main heart arteries look clear. Using cardiac stress MRI (a heart scan that measures blood flow with magnetic resonance imaging), testing uncovered small vessel problems in about half of participants in a study of people who had prior coronary angiography that indicated no obstructive coronary artery disease. A cardiac stress MRI led to more people being correctly diagnosed with microvascular angina and to major improvements in chest pain and quality of life after six months to one year. Note: The study featured ...

Research Highlights: Among patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), those taking a “polypill” combination of three medications typically prescribed for heart failure, once daily for six months, had improved heart function and symptoms, better quality of life, fewer hospitalizations and greater medication adherence in comparison to those who took the same medications as separate pills. This is the first study to evaluate a polypill strategy in people with HFrEF, focused on improving medication adherence and simplifying treatment. The people who took the polypill, when compared to the those who took the medications in separate pills, had increased heart ...

OKLAHOMA CITY – The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted Fast Track Designation to a new drug combination for metastatic colorectal cancer, following encouraging results from a clinical trial led in part by the University of Oklahoma Health Stephenson Cancer Center. The treatment offers potential hope for patients whose tumors lack a key DNA repair protein called ATM. The drug combination pairs alnodesertib, a targeted therapy that blocks cancer cells’ ability to repair DNA damage, and a low dose of irinotecan, a chemotherapy drug that causes that damage. Together, the drugs exploit a weakness in cancer cells that are already deficient in the ATM protein. In ...