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Medicine18 Nov 2025

Breakthrough study shows how cancer cells ‘break through’ tight tissue gaps

WASHINGTON, Nov. 18, 2025 — Aggressive cancer cells are masters of movement. When they spread through the body, they cause metastasis, which significantly reduces a person’s chance of survival. For this spreading to take place, they can switch between different cell states — behaviors of cells — that move with different strategies. A previous study revealed two specific metastatic cancer lines — MV3 (melanoma) and HT1080 (fibrosarcoma) — are capable of making a similar switch when the gaps in tissue are very tight. However, the study found that only one of the cell lines did so by switching motility modes in response ...

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Medicine18 Nov 2025

Researchers build bone marrow model entirely from human cells

Our body’s “blood factory” consists of specialized tissue made up of bone cells, blood vessels, nerves and other cell types. Now, researchers have succeeded for the first time in recreating this cellular complexity in the laboratory using only human cells. The novel system could reduce the need for animal experiments for many applications. The bone marrow usually works quietly in the background. It only comes into focus when something goes wrong, such as in blood cancers. In these cases, understanding exactly how blood production in our body works, and how this process fails, becomes critical. Typically, bone marrow research relies heavily ...

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Medicine18 Nov 2025

$3.7 million in NIH funding for research into sand flies, vectors of parasitic disease leishmaniasis, goes to UNC Greensboro

Professor Gideon Wasserberg at UNC Greensboro has been awarded a prestigious $3.7 million National Institutes of Health R01 grant to advance his research on controlling sand flies, the vectors of the parasitic disease leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis affects more than 1 million people each year and is found in approximately 90 countries in tropical and arid regions of the world, putting approximately 1 billion people at risk. The most common form, cutaneous leishmaniasis, typically causes skin ulcers, which can last months or even years and leave significant scars. The more serious visceral form of the disease, which attacks internal organs, often affects children ...

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Science18 Nov 2025

Researchers enhance durability of pure water-fed anion exchange membrane electrolysis

Anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis is widely recognized as a key technology for next-generation green hydrogen production. Currently, most AEM systems rely on alkaline supporting electrolytes such as potassium hydroxide, which can cause issues including bipolar plate corrosion, shunt current, and accelerated membrane degradation. Achieving stable operation with pure water feed is the goal for AEM water electrolysis. However, obstacles remain such as the instability of the membrane-electrode three-phase interface, limited current density, and poor durability. In a study published ...

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Science18 Nov 2025

How growth hormone excess accelerates liver aging via glycation stress

“Glycation-lowering strategies may serve as effective treatments for alleviating GH-induced metabolic and inflammatory disruptions in the liver, offering a promising avenue for addressing age-related metabolic diseases associated with GH dysregulation.” BUFFALO, NY — November 18, 2025 — A new research paper was published in Volume 17, Issue 10 of Aging-US on October 3, 2025, titled “Growth hormone excess drives liver aging via increased glycation stress.” In this study, led by first author Parminder Singh ...

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Medicine18 Nov 2025

State-of-the-art multimodal imaging and therapeutic strategies in radiation-induced brain injury

Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a serious and often delayed complication of cranial radiotherapy, which remains a cornerstone in the treatment of brain tumors such as gliomas, metastases, and lymphomas. While modern radiotherapy techniques have improved survival rates, they have also led to an increased incidence of RIBI, adversely affecting patients' neurological function and quality of life. This review synthesizes recent advances in multimodal imaging and emerging therapeutic strategies for RIBI, highlighting the shift from conventional symptomatic management to mechanism-driven, precision interventions. Pathophysiological Mechanisms ...

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Medicine18 Nov 2025

Updates in chronic subdural hematoma: from epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis to treatment

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions, particularly among the elderly, with an annual incidence ranging from 1.7 to 20.6 per 100,000 people. As the global population ages and the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies increases, the incidence of CSDH is projected to rise significantly. Despite its clinical prevalence, treatment options have seen limited breakthroughs over the past two decades, largely due to an incomplete understanding of its pathophysiology. This review provides a comprehensive overview ...

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Environment18 Nov 2025

Team studies beryllium-7 variations over Antarctic regions of the Southern Ocean

A Japanese research team has studied the variations in beryllium-7 concentrations in the surface air over the Antarctic regions of Southern Ocean. Beryllium-7 is a radioactive isotope of beryllium produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere. The team explored, over space and time, how the beryllium-7 is transported from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface. Their goal was to better understand the mechanisms of atmospheric mixing on Earth. Their research is published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres on October 14, 2025. “We aimed to clarify where and by what atmospheric flows the radioactive isotope beryllium-7, produced in the stratosphere ...

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Science18 Nov 2025

SwRI identifies security vulnerability in EV charging protocol

SAN ANTONIO — November 18, 2025 — Southwest Research Institute identified a security vulnerability in a standard protocol governing communications between electric vehicles (EV) and EV charging equipment. The research prompted the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to issue a security advisory related to the ISO 15118 vehicle-to-grid communications standard. Through internal research, a team of SwRI engineers spoofed signal measurements between an EV and EV supply equipment (EVSE), leading to CISA’s publication of a Common ...

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Energy18 Nov 2025

Zap Energy exceeds gigapascal fusion plasma pressures on new fusion device, FuZE-3

Operating a new device named the Fusion Z-pinch Experiment 3, or FuZE-3, Zap Energy has now achieved plasmas with electron pressures as high as 830 megapascals (MPa), or 1.6 gigapascals (GPa) total, comparable to the pressures found deep below Earth’s crust. The results are the highest-pressure performance to date in a sheared-flow-stabilized Z pinch and an important marker on the path to scientific energy gain, or Q>1. FuZE-3 is Zap’s first device to incorporate a third electrode to separate the forces that drive plasma acceleration and compression. Details of the preliminary results were presented today at the American Physical Society’s Division of Plasma ...

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Social Science18 Nov 2025

Noncredit training at community colleges linked to earnings gains

Washington, November 18, 2025—Students who enroll in short-term, job-focused training through community college noncredit programs experience modest but meaningful earnings gains and a greater likelihood of being employed after training, according to a new study published today in Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Educational Research Association. The study, conducted by Peter Riley Bahr of the Strada Institute for the Future of Work and Rooney Columbus of E&E Analytics, finds that workers earn about $2,000 more per year, on average, within two years of ...

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Science18 Nov 2025

The American Pediatric Society names Dr. Tara O. Henderson as the recipient of the 2026 Norman J. Siegel New Member Outstanding Science Award

November 18, 2025 – The American Pediatric Society (APS) is pleased to announce Tara O. Henderson, MD, MPH, as the recipient of the 2026 Norman J. Siegel New Member Outstanding Science Award, in recognition of her significant contributions to pediatric science. The award will be presented to Dr. Henderson during the APS Presidential Plenary at the Pediatric Academic Societies 2026 Meeting, taking place in Boston, MA, April 24-27. Established in honor of renowned nephrologist Norman J. Siegel, MD, FASN, the award celebrates early-career APS members whose scientific work demonstrates ...

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Medicine18 Nov 2025

Muscle protein linked to exercise opens new way to treat Alzheimer’s

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating cause of memory loss and cognitive decline, for which no curative treatment is available. Among lifestyle factors, physical activity stands out as possibly one of the strongest defenders of brain health. Growing evidence links skeletal muscle function to cognitive health. Pioneering research from Florida Atlantic University and its collaborators at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research takes this evidence to the next level, revealing that the key to fighting AD may lie not just in the brain – but also in our muscles. At the center of this discovery is Cathepsin ...

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Social Science18 Nov 2025

Study reveals how quiet political connections help corporations win contracts

A study published in Strategic Management Journal sheds light on the subtle yet significant role that unelected officials play in helping corporations secure successful contract bids. The research, led by Dr. Tony L. He of Rutgers Business School in Newark, N.J., analyzed a dataset of 14,849 public procurement contracts across 28 European countries between 2011 and 2017. “My research shows that, contrary to what many might expect, in this particular context it’s not the flashy connections to powerful elected officials that help firms most,” Dr. He explained. “Instead, ...

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Environment18 Nov 2025

The human costs of climate overshoot

In a Perspective, the authors suggest that the social and humanitarian impacts of overshooting the Paris Agreement’s aspirational goal of a 1.5 degrees Celsius rise in global mean temperature remain largely unknown, despite robust knowledge of physical climate impacts. Andrew Kruczkiewicz and colleagues outline five factors that policymakers and planners should take into account when considering the human impacts of climate overshoot: peak warming and duration of overshoot, localized amplification of effects, timing of arrival, adaptation limits, and dynamics of overshoot reversal. The ...

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Technology18 Nov 2025

OFC 2026 plenary speakers address AI, advances in optical technologies and satellite communications

LOS ANGELES – The 2026 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), the premier global event for optical communications and networking, will be held 15 – 19 March 2026, at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, California, USA. The centerpiece of the conference’s technical program is the Plenary Session, which will feature four industry luminaries: Alexis Bjorlin, Senior Vice President and General Manager for DGX Cloud, NVIDIA, USA; Julie Sheridan Eng, Chief Technology Officer, Coherent, USA; Siegbert Martin, Chief ...

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Technology18 Nov 2025

Machine learning to scan for signs of extraterrestrial life

A machine learning framework can distinguish molecules made by biological processes from those formed through non-biological processes and could be used to analyze samples returned by current and future planetary missions. José C. Aponte, Amirali Aghazadeh, and colleagues analyzed eight carbonaceous meteorites and ten terrestrial geologic samples using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Using this data, the authors developed LifeTracer, a computational ...

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Science18 Nov 2025

Loss of key visual channel triggers rhythmic retinal signals linked to night blindness

Rhythmic electrical activity in the retina (known as pathological oscillations) has been observed in several eye diseases, including congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). These oscillations interfere with the normal transmission of visual information to the brain, often causing degraded or distorted perception. Although scientists have long known that such oscillations occur in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons responsible for sending visual signals to the brain, the cellular mechanism that drives this rhythmic activity has remained elusive. In a recent study published online in The Journal of General Physiology on October 16, ...

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Science18 Nov 2025

New study suggests chiral skyrmion flows can be used for logic devices

In magnetic materials with antisymmetric exchange interactions, novel particle-like spin textures called magnetic skyrmions can appear and be manipulated by electrons. First observed in 2009, they have been created and controlled at room temperature in many materials. Skyrmions, as nonvolatile information carriers, are key in electronic and spintronic devices. Their size can be just a few nanometers, enabling high storage densities. They require low current to move, are topologically stable, and offer nonvolatility and radiation hardness for extreme environments. Over the past decade, most published reports in the field, both experimental and theoretical, have focused on the applications ...

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Medicine18 Nov 2025

AASM congratulates Sleep Medicine Disruptors Innovation Award winners

DARIEN, IL – The American Academy of Sleep Medicine congratulates Bairitone Health and Noctrix Health, whose innovations were selected as the people’s choice winners of the first AASM Sleep Medicine Disruptors Innovation Award. The votes were cast by attendees of Sleep Medicine Disruptors 2025, which was held in person in Austin, Texas, and livestreamed Nov. 14 - 15. Eight finalists were previously selected from among 23 entries based on the review of an expert panel of nine AASM members. The AASM assigned each ...

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Science18 Nov 2025

The future fate of water in the Andes

In light of the ongoing fifteen-year megadrought in Chile, an international team of researchers, including Francesca Pellicciotti from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), addressed a bold future scenario. Their findings: by the end of the century, the considerably worn-out glaciers will not be able to buffer a similar megadrought. They call for coordinated global climate policies to develop effective water management strategies. The results were published in Communications Earth & Environment. Could a drought have no end? Fifteen years of severe and persistent drought in Chile have already passed, and the country ...

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Environment18 Nov 2025

UC Irvine researchers link Antarctic ice loss to ‘storms’ at the ocean’s subsurface

Irvine, Calif., Nov. 18, 2025 — Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have identified stormlike circulation patterns beneath Antarctic ice shelves that are causing aggressive melting, with major implications for global sea level rise projections. In a paper published recently in Nature Geoscience, the scientists say their study is the first to examine ocean-induced ice shelf melting events from a weather timescale of just days versus seasonal or annual timeframes. This enabled them to match “ocean storm” activity with intense ice melt at Thwaites Glacier ...

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Medicine18 Nov 2025

Deep brain stimulation successful for one in two patients with treatment-resistant severe depression and anxiety

Deep brain stimulation – implants in the brain that act as a kind of ‘pacemaker’ – has led to clinical improvements in half of the participants with treatment-resistant severe depression in an ‘open label’ trial. Significantly, the study, led by researchers in the UK and China, identified a telltale signature of brain activity that predicted how well individual patients responded to the treatment. This could be used in future to target the treatment at those patients most likely to benefit. Major ...

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Medicine18 Nov 2025

Single-celled organisms found to have a more complex DNA epigenetic code than multicellular life

The background: Multicellular organisms (animals, plants, human) all have the ability to methylate the cytosine © base in their DNA. This process, a type of epigenetic modification, plays an important role in conditions such as cancer and processes such as aging. The findings: In this new paper, the researchers discovered that in more ‘primitive’ unicellular organisms, both the adenine and the cytosine bases are methylated. This would suggest that in some ways, these unicellular organisms are more complex than their multicellular peers. The team also found that methylation of the adenine ...

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Science18 Nov 2025

A new gateway to global antimicrobial resistance data

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing health challenge, reducing the effectiveness of life-saving treatments and increasing the risk of complications from routine medical procedures. To support global AMR research, EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) has launched the AMR portal, a central hub that connects bacterial genomes, resistance phenotypes, and functional annotations, all in one place. The first release of the AMR portal is based upon a dataset from Imperial College London obtained from the Comprehensive Assessment of Bacterial-Based Antimicrobial resistance prediction ...

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