Type 1 Diabetes: Risk Differs Depending on Affected Family Member Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system destroys the body’s own insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas, leaving patients with a lifelong dependency on external insulin. Children whose parents or siblings have type 1 diabetes have an 8- to 15-fold increased risk of developing the autoimmune disease themselves. However, this risk is not evenly distributed: the child of a mother with type 1 diabetes has a lower risk of developing type 1 diabetes than a child with a father or sibling with type 1 diabetes. Of interest, ...

For over two years, the Austrian mini-satellite PRETTY has orbited the Earth at an altitude of just over 500 kilometres in a sun-synchronous polar orbit. Following the commissioning phase at the end of 2023, it provided continuous data on changes in polar ice and sea levels, as well as the effects of space weather on a satellite’s lifespan. Although the mission was originally planned to last one year, it is now certain that the mission of the satellite (jointly developed by TU Graz, Beyond Gravity Austria, and Seibersdorf Laboratories) will continue in a new form under the name OPS-SAT PRETTY. This has been confirmed by the Austrian ...

Ahead of the critical climate summit in Belém, a new report from Earth4All argues that Brazil’s greatest assets in tackling the climate crisis are not only its vast forests and renewable energy potential, but the power of trust and social cohesion.  The study, Earth4All: Brazil, identifies possible future scenarios for the country and shows that policies promoting fairness, inclusion and institutional trust are decisive for accelerating decarbonisation and building resilience. Without them, progress risks stalling in the face of inequality and social division.  “Our ...

Loneliness and emotional disconnection appear to have become a defining feature of life in America, as a majority of U.S. adults say societal division is a significant source of stress in their lives, according to the latest Stress in America™ survey released today by the American Psychological Association. More than six in 10 U.S. adults reported feeling this way, while half or more adults said they felt isolated (54%), left out (50%) or lacking companionship (50%) often or some of the time.   The survey, conducted online by The Harris Poll on behalf of APA, found that among more than 3,000 U.S. adults, nearly seven in ...

by Prof Carla Jaimes Betancourt In September 2021, a multidisciplinary expedition explored one of the least-known regions of the Bolivian Amazon: the Great Tectonic Lakes of Exaltación in the department of Beni. Organized by the Grupo de Trabajo para los Llanos de Moxos (GTLM), the mission brought together researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society, the National Museum of Natural History, the Institute of Ecology, the Biodiversity and Environment Research Center , the Aquatic Resources Research Center, and the Department of Anthropology of the Americas at the University of Bonn. Landscapes as Living Archives In southwestern Amazonia, the great tectonic Lakes Rogaguado ...

Highlights - Demonstrated the world’s first entanglement swapping using sum-frequency generation between single photons, one of the fundamental quantum communication protocols. - Successfully observed sum-frequency generation between single photons with a high signal-to-noise ratio, made possible by NICT’s state-of-the-art technologies. - Expected to contribute to the miniaturization and efficiency improvement of photonic quantum information processing circuit, as well as the extension of transmission distance in device ...

Bottom Line: Adding the investigational antibody ianalumab (VAY736) to ibrutinib (Imbruvica) allowed some patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to discontinue daily therapy and potentially improve their quality of life. Journal in Which the Study was Published: Clinical Cancer Research, a journal for the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). Authors: John C. Byrd, MD, director of the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and associate vice chancellor for cancer affairs at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Kerry A. Rogers, MD, ...

Research Background    Auroras: Auroras are natural phenomena where electrons from space collide with Earth's atmosphere (oxygen and nitrogen) and emit light. The various colors — red, green, purple, etc. —depend on "which atoms or molecules emit light" and "how the energy changes." This light contains hidden information about the "velocity of particles falling down" and "conditions of the atmosphere."    At ...

People with signs of damage to their heart during middle age are more likely to develop dementia in later life, according to a new study led by UCL (University College London) researchers. The study, published in the European Heart Journal and funded by the British Heart Foundation, found middle-aged people with higher levels of a protein called cardiac troponin I in their blood were more likely to go on to develop dementia in later life. The team found higher troponin levels in those with dementia, compared to those without, as far back as 25 years before their diagnosis. Troponin is released into the bloodstream when heart muscle is damaged. Doctors look for very high ...

A new study has revealed both the promise and the complexity of using duckweed as a biological tool for managing nitrogen pollution in rice agriculture. While this tiny floating plant can sharply curb certain harmful nitrogen oxide emissions, it may also unintentionally boost releases of ammonia and a potent greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide. These findings highlight the importance of smart, integrated strategies for sustainable farming and environmental protection. Nitrogen: Friend to Farmers, Challenge to Planet Rice feeds nearly half the world’s population, ...

Medical and scientific evidence is proving invaluable in holding public authorities accountable for the impact of unlawful air pollution on people’s health, say experts in The BMJ’s climate issue today. Gaia Lisi and Rupert Stuart-Smith at the University of Oxford say that relatively few studies attributing health impacts to climate change have been published so far, but as this research field matures, methods are becoming more widely recognised, opening up new routes for climate accountability. They describe recent cases where ...

The combined impact of climate change and conflict “can produce synergistic effects, leading to more severe and complex outcomes,” warn experts in The BMJ’s climate issue today. From 1995 to 2015, more than 10 million child deaths were attributed to conflict, while women of reproductive age in high intensity conflict zones experienced mortality rates three times higher than those in peaceful areas, they explain. Additionally, over 60,000 heat related deaths occurred in 32 European countries during both the exceptionally hot summers of 2022 and 2024, with women substantially more affected than men. Beyond direct loss of life, climate and conflict ...

Action is needed locally, nationally, and internationally to curb sales of new Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs) to reduce their potential harms to health and the environment, say experts in The BMJ’s climate issue today. Their call comes as Cardiff looks set to be the first city in the UK to charge higher parking fees for larger vehicles, following in the footsteps of Paris. Sports utility vehicles (SUVs) are passenger cars that have a chassis with extra ground clearance and are generally taller, ...

Higher levels of greenness are associated with lower risks of hospital admissions for mental disorders, finds an analysis of data from seven countries over two decades, published in The BMJ’s climate issue today. The results suggest that this protective effect increases with greater exposure to greenness, with no clear threshold - evidence that can inform urban design and health policy to better protect mental health, say the researchers. Mental wellbeing remains a global challenge. It’s estimated that 1.1 billion ...

Beyond direct injuries, exposure to tropical cyclones is associated with higher risks of death across a range of causes including kidney, heart and lung diseases, neuropsychiatric conditions, and diabetes, finds a study published in The BMJ’s climate issue today. Risks were substantially higher in deprived communities and areas that have previously experienced fewer tropical cyclones, suggesting an urgent need to integrate more evidence on tropical cyclone activity into disaster response plans, say the authors. Tropical cyclones are one of the most devastating ...

The world’s largest collection of curated eye imaging and linked clinical data is expanding across the country, in an initiative led out of Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL (University College London). The INSIGHT Health Data Research Hub for Eye Health and Oculomics is benefiting from investment funding of £3.7 million awarded by UKRI Medical Research Council (MRC) and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). INSIGHT will expand from Moorfields Eye Hospital and create a blueprint for linking ...

Lisbon, Portugal: Nearly half of all women aged younger than 40 who live with advanced breast cancer have children under the age of 18, according to the first global survey to investigate the challenges these women face. Results from the survey were presented to the Advanced Breast Cancer Eighth International Consensus Conference (ABC8) today (Thursday). [1] Jennifer Merschdorf, chief executive officer of Young Survival Coalition, which conducted the Project 528 survey, told the conference: “We launched Project 528 to fill a critical gap – the voices of young adults living with advanced breast cancer are often under-represented in clinical discussions and policy dialogues. “For ...

Lisbon, Portugal: People diagnosed with advanced breast cancer in 2025 can expect to live for an extra six or seven months, compared to the average survival time for patients diagnosed in 2011, according to a major study of patient data in the US presented at the Advanced Breast Cancer Eighth International Consensus Conference (ABC8). [1]   For some types of advanced breast cancer, the average improvement in survival is ten months or more; however, the data also show a smaller increase in survival for so-called ...

Lisbon, Portugal: The ABC Global Alliance today launched the Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC) Global Decade Report 2015–2025 — a landmark global assessment revealing a decade of remarkable scientific progress that has transformed ABC care for some patients in some countries, while many others around the world have yet to benefit. The results expose profound and persistent inequalities that leave many patients behind. The report’s central theme, ‘Knowledge in Motion’, emphasises the urgent need to translate a decade of evidence and innovation into life-changing action for every person living ...

UNDER EMBARGO UNTIL 00:01 GMT THURSDAY 6 NOVEMBER 2025 Island reptiles face extinction before they are even studied, warns global review More images available via the link in the notes section A new study led by the University of Oxford has revealed that reptiles confined to islands are facing a double jeopardy. Despite being more likely to go extinct than mainland species, they remain largely ignored by researchers compared to their mainland counterparts. Although islands make up less than 7% of the Earth’s surface, they harbour a disproportionate ...

Universe's expansion 'is now slowing, not speeding up' Royal Astronomical Society press release RAS PR 25/42 Embargoed until 00:01 GMT on Thursday 6 November The universe's expansion may actually have started to slow rather than accelerating at an ever-increasing rate as previously thought, a new study suggests. "Remarkable" findings published today in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society cast doubt on the long-standing theory that a mysterious force known as 'dark energy' is driving distant galaxies away increasingly faster. Instead, they show no evidence ...

SANTA CRUZ, Calif. – With this Saturday marking the national and international day of observance for STEM and STEAM, a fair question to ask is if the United States is producing enough college graduates with degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics to maintain its leadership position in an increasingly competitive global arena? An analysis by a National Science Foundation fellow at the University of California, Santa Cruz, concluded that we were on the right track. The study of national higher-education data, published ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) and “protein language” models can speed the design of monoclonal antibodies that prevent or reduce the severity of potentially life-threatening viral infections, according to a multi-institutional study led by researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.   While their report, published Nov. 4 in the journal Cell, focused on development of antibody therapeutics against existing and emerging viral threats, including RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) and avian influenza viruses, the implications of the research are much broader, said the paper’s corresponding ...

The American Physical Society (APS) – the world’s largest organization of physicists – has awarded the 2026 Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics to Stefano Baroni, Professor of Condensed Matter Physics at the Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and research associate at the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR–IOM). The prize is regarded as the most prestigious international recognition in the field, awarded for ...

Radiotherapy can be safely omitted as a treatment for many breast cancer patients who have had a mastectomy and are taking anti-cancer drugs, a study shows. An international trial found that patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent a mastectomy – removal of the breast – had similar 10-year survival rates whether or not they received radiotherapy. Experts say the findings should help guide treatment discussions, as many patients who currently qualify for radiotherapy after mastectomy under existing guidelines may not actually need ...