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Farm soil determines environmental fate of phosphorous

Farm soil determines environmental fate of phosphorous
2012-12-18
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Just 20 years ago, the soils of the Amazon basin were thought unsuitable for large-scale agriculture, but then industrial agriculture — and the ability to fertilize on a massive scale — came to the Amazon. What were once the poorest soils in the world now produce crops at a rate that rivals that of global breadbaskets. Soils no longer seem to be the driver — or the limiter — of agricultural productivity. But a new Brown University-led study of three soybean growing regions, including Brazil, finds that soils have taken on a new role: ...

Should physicians prescribe cognitive enhancers to healthy individuals?

2012-12-18
Physicians should not prescribe cognitive enhancers to healthy individuals, states a report being published today in the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ). Dr. Eric Racine and his research team at the IRCM, the study's authors, provide their recommendation based on the professional integrity of physicians, the drugs' uncertain benefits and harms, and limited health care resources. Prescription stimulants and other neuropharmaceuticals, generally prescribed to treat attention deficit disorder (ADD), are often used by healthy people to enhance concentration, memory, ...

UI-led team confirms 'gusty winds' in space turbulence

UI-led team confirms gusty winds in space turbulence
2012-12-18
Imagine riding in an airplane as the plane is jolted back and forth by gusts of wind that you can't prove exist but are there nonetheless. Similar turbulence exists in space, and a research team led by the University of Iowa reports to have directly measured it for the first time in the laboratory. "Turbulence is not restricted to environments here on Earth, but also arises pervasively throughout the solar system and beyond, driving chaotic motions in the ionized gas, or plasma, that fills the universe," says Gregory Howes, assistant professor of physics and astronomy ...

Berkeley Lab scientists developing quick way to id people exposed to ionizing radiation

2012-12-18
There's a reason emergency personnel train for the aftermath of a dirty bomb or an explosion at a nuclear power plant. They'll be faced with a deluge of urgent tasks, such as identifying who's been irradiated, who has an injury-induced infection, and who's suffering from both. Unfortunately, there isn't a quick way to screen for people exposed to dangerous levels of radiation. There also isn't a quick way to distinguish between people suffering from radiation exposure versus an infection due to an injury or chemical exposure. The most common way to measure exposure ...

Chances seen rising for chikungunya outbreaks in NYC, Atlanta, Miami

2012-12-18
ITHACA, N.Y. – Global travel and climate warming could be creating the right conditions for outbreaks of a new virus in this country, according to a new Cornell University computer model. The model predicts that outbreaks of chikungunya, a painful virus transported by travelers and spread by the invasive Asian tiger mosquito, could occur in 2013 in New York City during August and September, in Atlanta from June through September, and year-round in Miami. The probability of a disease outbreak is correlated with temperature, as warmer weather allows the Asian tiger mosquito ...

Plumes across the Pacific deliver thousands of microbial species to West Coast

Plumes across the Pacific deliver thousands of microbial species to West Coast
2012-12-18
A surprising number of microorganisms – 99 percent more kinds than had been reported in findings published just four months ago – are leaping the biggest gap on the planet. Hitching rides in the upper troposphere, they're making their way from Asia across the Pacific Ocean and landing in North America. For the first time researchers have been able to gather enough biomass in the form of DNA to apply molecular methods to samples from two large dust plumes originating in Asia in the spring of 2011. The scientists detected more than 2,100 unique species compared to only ...

2 cups of milk a day ideal for children's health, new research shows

2012-12-18
TORONTO, Dec. 17, 2012—New research has answered one of the most common questions parents ask their doctors: How much milk should I be giving my children? The answer is two cups per day. "We started to research the question because professional recommendations around milk intake were unclear and doctors and parents were seeking answers," said Dr. Jonathon Maguire, a paediatrician at St. Michael's Hospital and the lead author of the study. Dr. Maguire and his team looked at how cow's milk affected body stores of iron and vitamin D – two of the most important nutrients ...

Dust-plumes power intercontinental microbial migrations

2012-12-18
Along with pollutants from Asia, transpacific dust plumes deliver vast quantities of microbes to North America, according to a manuscript published online ahead of print in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology. "We detected thousands of unique microbial species, many of which seem particularly well-suited for atmospheric transport," says first author David J. Smith, a graduate student at the University of Washington, Seattle. "We also detected archaea, a domain of life that has never before been sampled at high altitude. We are just starting to understand ...

RIT scientists decode 3 bacterial strains common to grapevines and sugarcane

2012-12-18
Scientists at Rochester Institute of Technology have published the whole genome sequence of bacteria associated with Jamaican sugarcane and Riesling grapevines in the September and November issues of the Journal of Bacteriology, a publication of the American Society for Microbiology. André Hudson and Michael Savka, professors in RIT's Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences within the College of Science, isolated and identified three bacteria belonging to the genus Enterobacter from Jamaican sugarcane stalk tissue and Methylobacterium and Novosphingobium from grapevines. These ...

Notre Dame's Reilly Center highlights emerging ethical dilemmas in science and technology

2012-12-18
As a new year approaches, the University of Notre Dame's John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology and Values has announced its first annual list of emerging ethical dilemmas and policy issues in Science and Technology for 2013. The Reilly Center explores conceptual, ethical and policy issues where science and technology intersect with society from different disciplinary perspectives. Its goal is to promote the advancement of science and technology for the common good. The center generated its first annual list of emerging ethical dilemmas and policy issues in science ...

People with HIV hospitalized less often since combination antiretroviral drug therapy introduced

2012-12-18
TORONTO, Dec. 17, 2012—People with HIV are being hospitalized in Ontario significantly less often than they were 15 years ago when combination antiretroviral drug therapy (cART) was introduced, new research has found. However, women with HIV are still hospitalized more than men with HIV as are low-income people with HIV compared with high-income people with HIV, according to a study by Tony Antoniou, a pharmacist and researcher in the Department of Family Medicine at St. Michael's Hospital. Immigrants with HIV who had been in Ontario three years or less had lower rates ...

Following Phragmites home

Following Phragmites home
2012-12-18
Phragmites australis, an invasive species of plant called common reed, grows rapidly into dense stands of tall plants that pose an extreme threat to Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Early treatment is the key to controlling Phragmites. But how can these invasive reeds be eradicated before they take over their environment if we don't know where they are? Now we do know, thanks to scientists from Michigan Technological University's Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI), the US Geological Survey (USGS), Boston College and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). They mapped ...

NASA sees dangerous category 4 Cyclone Evan lashing Fiji

NASA sees dangerous category 4 Cyclone Evan lashing Fiji
2012-12-18
Cyclone Evan is one of the strongest cyclones to affect Fiji in almost two decades, and NASA satellites are analyzing the storm and providing data on rainfall, cloud height, temperature data and more to forecasters. According to NBC News, over 3,500 people in Fiji went to emergency shelters. Today, Dec. 17, Evan is lashing Fiji, just days after battering Samoa where it killed at least three people and left thousands homeless. On Monday, Dec. 17 many warnings and watches were in effect. A tropical cyclone warning is in effect for Fiji. A Hurricane warning is in effect ...

A need to look again: TRMM satellite observations of Tropical Cyclone Evan

A need to look again: TRMM satellite observations of Tropical Cyclone Evan
2012-12-18
The radar on NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite had observed Tropical Cyclone Evan four times as of Sunday, Dec. 16, and two of those overflights merit a closer examination. On Tuesday, Dec. 11, the TRMM satellite saw Evan about 24 hours before the storm struck American Samoa, and the radar data at first seem incongruous for such a weak system. At the time, Evan was estimated to be less than tropical "cyclone" strength, and had 35 knot (40.2 mph/64.8 kph) surface winds, making it a tropical storm. More specifically, the TRMM radar saw a "complete ...

Univ. of MD School of Medicine to study drug-resistant malaria in Myanmar

2012-12-18
University of Maryland School of Medicine researchers have launched groundbreaking research into the spread of potentially deadly drug-resistant malaria in the developing Southeast Asian nation of Myanmar, also known as Burma. The scientists, working as part of a large international team coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO), have identified several promising genetic markers that could be used to develop tests to identify and track the spread of the newest type of drug-resistant malaria in Southeast Asia, including Myanmar. The scientists describe these new ...

Bullying by childhood peers leaves a trace that can change the expression of a gene linked to mood

2012-12-18
This press release is available in French. A recent study by a researcher at the Centre for Studies on Human Stress (CSHS) at the Hôpital Louis-H. Lafontaine and professor at the Université de Montréal suggests that bullying by peers changes the structure surrounding a gene involved in regulating mood, making victims more vulnerable to mental health problems as they age. The study published in the journal Psychological Medicine seeks to better understand the mechanisms that explain how difficult experiences disrupt our response to stressful situations. "Many people ...

Immediate health risk must be weighed against radiation-induced cancer risk

2012-12-18
OAK BROOK, Ill. – The lifetime risks of cancer from medical radiation may be overemphasized relative to more immediate health risks, according to a new study published online in the journal Radiology. Radiation exposure from computed tomography (CT) and other medical sources has drawn considerable media attention in recent years. Stories warning of the dangers often focus on the lifetime risk estimates of radiation-induced cancer from repeat examinations. This approach has limitations, said Pari V. Pandharipande, M.D., M.P.H., abdominal and genitourinary imaging specialist ...

A new breed of stable anti-aromatic compound

2012-12-18
AUSTIN, Texas – By synthesizing a stable "antiaromatic" compound, as well as a never before seen intermediate version of that compound, chemists at The University of Texas at Austin have written an important new chapter in the story of modern chemistry. The research was done in collaboration with an international roster of colleagues from Yonsei University in Korea, the University of Hyderbad in India, and Osaka University in Japan. The results were published this week in Nature Chemistry. This particular story began in 1825, when English scientist Michael Faraday ...

Mayo Clinic researchers identify enzyme linked to prostate cancer

2012-12-18
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. — Researchers at Mayo Clinic's campus in Florida have identified an enzyme specifically linked to aggressive prostate cancer, and have also developed a compound that inhibits the ability of this molecule to promote the metastatic spread of the cancer. Their study, published in the Dec. 18 online edition of Molecular Cancer Research, is the first to link the enzyme PRSS3 to prostate cancer. "This molecule is a protease, which means it digests other molecules. Our data suggests PRSS3 activity changes the environment around prostate cancer cells — perhaps ...

Tax evasion in Greece: Billions earned by high-income professionals go untaxed

2012-12-18
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY'S HAAS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS –Wide-scale tax evasion in Greece accounts for 28 billion Euros in unreported taxable income –just among the self-employed, according to a new study, "Tax Evasion Across Industries: Soft Credit Evidence from Greece," by Adair Morse, a visiting assistant professor of finance at Berkeley-Haas. At a tax rate of 40 percent, that's a revenue loss responsible for nearly one-third of Greece's deficit in 2009 or almost 50 percent of the deficit in 2008, according to the study co-authored by Margarita Tsoutsoura, ...

New Cell Phone Blocking Technology May Save Lives in Pennsylvania

2012-12-18
According to statistics compiled by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 416,000 people in the United States were injured and another 3,092 killed in motor vehicle accidents involving a distracted driver in 2010, the last year for which numbers are available. Of all car accidents reported in 2010, approximately 18 percent involved driver distraction. Though driver distraction can take many different forms, texting while driving presents a unique danger because it requires a driver's visual, manual, and cognitive attention. What is worse, the popularity ...

Fatal Myrtle Beach Motorcycle Accident Shows Need for Safe Driving

2012-12-18
Motorcycling is a big hobby in South Carolina. While the state does not have quite the renown that Sturgis does, South Carolina hosts several motorcycle rallies throughout the year and bikers from across the U.S. attend these events. Unfortunately, South Carolina started the 2012 cycling season with a fatal motorcycle accident in Myrtle Beach, which is a reminder of how necessary it is for motorcyclists and the drivers with whom they share the road to practice safe driving habits. Myrtle Beach Motorcycle Accident Myrtle Beach police reported that a motorcyclist from ...

Medicaid Planning: Plan for Long-Term Care to Save Money for Your Family

2012-12-18
Many people have saved for a lifetime in order to leave their home and their savings to their family. However, today it is not enough just to have a will, a health care proxy and a power of attorney in place to protect what you own for your family. Since everyone is living longer, it is important to have a plan in place to shelter what you have so it is not lost to home health care or nursing home costs, but goes to the ones that you love. By making important choices early, there is a road map in place during an emergency. Most people want to stay in their homes as long ...

Bankruptcy Requirements in Maryland

2012-12-18
Although filing for bankruptcy has previously carried with it a negative stigma, times now are different. With a struggling economy, it only makes sense that individuals would struggle as well and often to no fault of their own. After the decision to file for bankruptcy has been made, certain requirements are imposed by the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection act of 2005. Counseling Requirements The first requirement when filing for bankruptcy is to receive pre-bankruptcy counseling. This requirement must actually be completed before bankruptcy has ...

Bankruptcy as a Solution for Maryland Residents

2012-12-18
Bankruptcy is becoming more and more of an attractive option for many Americans. With today's economy, this is no surprise. Bankruptcy no longer has the negative stigma it once had and is now looked at as an option to create a fresh start for those struggling with debt, often because of hard economic times. Providing Relief When in debt, a person often struggles with phone calls and harassment from debt collectors. At first, these phone calls are from the companies themselves and are typically not too invasive. After a while, however, the companies sell the debt and ...
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