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Medicine22 Oct 2025

Idiopathic hypersomnia is a rare disease of excessive sleepiness, with patients revealing they never feel rested or awake no matter how much sleep they get, in analysis of online posts

Idiopathic hypersomnia is a rare disease of excessive sleepiness, with patients revealing they never feel rested or awake no matter how much sleep they get, in analysis of online posts Article URL: http://plos.io/3KIF6W5 Article title: The experience and impact of living with idiopathic hypersomnia: A qualitative study of patient perspectives shared in online media Author countries: U.S., Germany, Canada Funding: This study was funded by Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA. END ...

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Environment22 Oct 2025

Backyard birders in South Africa may continue to enjoy biodiversity in visiting birds under climate change scenarios, while climate change and declining biodiversity may decrease birding in protected

Backyard birders in South Africa may continue to enjoy biodiversity in visiting birds under climate change scenarios, while climate change and declining biodiversity may decrease birding in protected public parks. Article URL: https://plos.io/4ol2UxW Article Title: Climate change impacts the non-market value of nature: A case study of birding cultural ecosystem services in South Africa Author Countries: United States Funding: This work was supported by the Ridge to Reef NSF Research Traineeship, Award DGE-1735040 to ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

Ingestible pill developed to diagnose intestinal disorder

Researchers led by investigators at Mass General Brigham and Massachusetts Institute of Technology have validated an ingestible capsule in preclinical models for the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia, a condition caused by blocked or reduced blood flow to the intestines. The research is published in Science Robotics. Acute mesenteric ischemia accounts for less than 1.5% of emergency department visits for abdominal pain but has a mortality rate of 55%, due in part to how difficult it can be to diagnose the condition early. “Acute mesenteric ischemia is a potentially deadly but often underdiagnosed ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

‘Chronic lung-transplant rejection has been a black box.’ New study gives answers, drug targets.

Study found which abnormal cells talk to each other in harmful ways and perpetuate lung damage Scientists are already exploring therapeutic strategies based on this study’s discoveries Treatments also could help patients with other lung-scarring diseases (COPD, COVID-19, etc.) CHICAGO --- More than 50% of lung-transplant recipients experience a rejection of their new lung within five years of receiving it, yet the reason why this is such a prevalent complication has remained a medical mystery. Now, a new Northwestern Medicine study has found that, following transplant and in chronic disease states, abnormal cells emerge and “conversations” ...

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Science22 Oct 2025

Neutrino experiments in US and Japan join forces

Very early on in our universe, when it was a seething hot cauldron of energy, particles made of matter and antimatter bubbled into existence in equal proportions. For example, negatively charged electrons were created in the same numbers as their antimatter siblings, positively charged positrons. When the two particles combined, they canceled each other out. Billions of years later, our world is dominated by matter. Somehow matter "won out" over antimatter, but scientists still do not know how. Now, two of the largest experiments attempting to find answers—projects that focus on subatomic particles called neutrinos—have joined forces. In a ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

Hunting for the chromosomal genes that break the heart

Three copies of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome (DS), and roughly half of children born each year in the United States with DS—approximately 2,600—also have congenital heart defects (CHDs). What is not known is exactly why the genes on too many copies of chromosome 21 wreak such devastating effects. In a new paper published in the journal Nature, a team of scientists, including first and co-corresponding author Sanjeev S. Ranade, PhD, assistant professor in the Center for Cardiovascular and Muscular Diseases and Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence at Sanford Burnham Prebys, identify a nuclear ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

Trial enrollment and survival disparities among patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma

About The Study: In this cohort study of more than 1,900 patients in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, Black and Asian patients were underrepresented compared with the general population estimates in the U.S., and Black patients had worse survival outcomes compared with white and Asian patients, despite having similar progression-free survival. Equitable enrollment in clinical trials ensures access to cutting-edge treatments and can lead to outcomes comparable to those of white counterparts. Sustained efforts to improve RCT diversity remain essential to long-term equity in cancer care and survival. Corresponding ...

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Science22 Oct 2025

Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of atrial fibrillation

About The Study: In this large national cohort, all adverse pregnancy outcomes except small for gestational age were associated with increased risk for atrial fibrillation up to 46 years later. Women with adverse pregnancy outcomes need early preventive actions and long-term clinical follow-up for timely detection and treatment of cardiovascular disorders related to the development of atrial fibrillation. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Casey Crump, MD, PhD, email casey.crump@uth.tmc.edu. To access ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

Study: Dangerous E. coli strain blocks gut’s defense mechanism to spread infection

When harmful bacteria that cause food poisoning, such as E. coli, invade through the digestive tract, gut cells usually fight back by pushing infected cells out of the body to stop the infection from spreading. In a new study published today in Nature, scientists from Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, in collaboration with researchers from Oregon Health & Science University, discovered that a dangerous strain of E. coli — known for causing bloody diarrhea — can block gut this defense, allowing ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

No benefit of ketamine for patients hospitalised with depression, clinical trial reports

Findings from a randomised and blinded clinical trial investigating repeated ketamine infusions for treating depression have revealed no extra benefit for ketamine when added onto standard care for people admitted to hospital for depression. The paper is published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry today [Wednesday 22ndOctober 2025]. The KARMA-Dep (2) Trial involved researchers from St Patrick’s Mental Health Services, Trinity College Dublin, and Queens University Belfast, Ireland. It was led by Declan McLoughlin, Research Professor of Psychiatry at Trinity College Dublin and Consultant Psychiatrist at St Patrick’s Mental Health Services. Depression ...

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Science22 Oct 2025

Ants use a genetic 'bulldozer' to achieve a hyper-specific sense of smell

Ants have evolved an acute sense of smell, which requires each sensory neuron to choose one scent receptor out of hundreds. In a new study published in Nature, researchers at New York University have discovered what ants use to solve this biological puzzle: a self-regulating system in which choosing one gene physically silences all its neighbors. A high-stakes sense of smell Ants communicate via pheromones to hunt, detect outsiders, and determine their role within a colony. Without precise control of olfactory receptors, ant society would unravel. When ants cannot smell, “they stop performing their duties, which leads to anarchy,” explained ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

Scientists pinpoint a key gene behind heart defects in Down syndrome

SAN FRANCISCO—October 22, 2025—Nearly half of all babies born with Down syndrome face congenital heart defects, often involving serious malformations that require surgery in the first months of life. For decades, scientists have known that having an extra copy of chromosome 21—the genetic cause of Down syndrome—was responsible, but they couldn’t pin down which of its hundreds of genes were key for causing the heart problems. Now, scientists at Gladstone Institutes have an answer. In a study published in Nature, the researchers leveraged stem cell science and ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

$6.2M grant will launch UC San Diego REACH Center for Translational Science on Whole Person Health

The University of California San Diego School of Medicine’s Centers for Integrative Health has received a five-year, $6.2 million grant from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to establish the REACH Center for Translational Science on Whole Person Health. The three principal investigators are Cassandra Vieten, Ph.D., clinical professor in the Department of Family Medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine, Gene “Rusty” Kallenberg, ...

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Science22 Oct 2025

Bay Area Lyme Foundation opens applications for 2026 Emerging Leader Awards and research grants

PORTOLA VALLEY, Calif., October 22, 2025 - Bay Area Lyme Foundation, a leading sponsor of Lyme disease research in the US, today announced its call for applicants from academia and the private sector for the 2026 Emerging Leader Awards (ELA). These annual awards recognize innovative researchers advancing novel approaches in tick-borne disease diagnostics and treatments, while embodying the future of research leadership in this critical field. In 2026, Bay Area Lyme Foundation will award two $150,000 ELA grants: Lyme ...

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Science22 Oct 2025

A new post-processing route to improve tensile strength and ductility in 3d-printed alloys

In International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, researchers have developed a dual post-processing method to make 3D-printed metals much stronger and tougher, addressing one of the field's most persistent challenges. By combining deep cryogenic treatment and laser shock peening, researchers find a new way to transform the microscopic structure of 3D-printed metals, relieving internal stresses and enhancing their mechanical resilience. Their method offers a practical route to producing stronger and more damage-tolerant components for industrial-grade metal additive manufacturing in aerospace, automotive, energy, and defense sectors. The Hidden Problem in Metal ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

JMIR Publications’ Journal of Medical Internet Research invites submissions on Navigating AI-Enabled Uncertainty

(Toronto, October 22, 2025) JMIR Publications invites submissions to a new theme issue titled “Navigating AI-Enabled Uncertainty – Strategic Implications for Digital Health Management” in its open access journal Journal of Medical Internet Research. The premier, peer-reviewed journal is indexed in in all major literature indices including National Library of Medicine(NLM)/MEDLINE, PubMed, PMC, Scopus, DOAJ, Clarivate (which includes Web of Science (WoS)/ESCI/SCIE), and others. Health care administrators are increasingly facing ambiguous decisions as artificial intelligence (AI) permeates reimbursement, documentation, workforce planning, and vendor ecosystems. ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

Small changes in alcohol intake linked to blood pressure shifts

WASHINGTON (Oct. 22, 2025) — Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with increases in blood pressure (BP) and stopping drinking – even drinking less – may lead to clinically meaningful BP reductions, according to a study published today in JACC, the flagship journal of the American College of Cardiology. Findings show that slight changes in alcohol consumption can affect BP and can be a strategy for BP management and improvement. Alcohol consumption is a well-established contributor to elevated BP, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The 2025 ACC/AHA High Blood Pressure ...

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Science22 Oct 2025

Natural Japanese and Taiwanese hinoki cypresses genetically differentiated 1 million years ago

Tsukuba, Japan—Hinoki cypress is a commercially vital species used as a high-quality building material, second only to sugi cedar in planted forest area and timber production in Japan. Natural hinoki cypress forests extend from Fukushima Prefecture in the north to Yakushima Island in the south. Taiwanese hinoki cypress is a variety and close relative of the Japanese hinoki, and its large-diameter timber was historically imported from Taiwan to Japan for constructing shrines and temples. By conducting a comprehensive population genetic analysis, this study aimed to elucidate genetic diversity, regional genetic structure, and evolutionary history across ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

GemPharmatech announces research collaboration with leading cancer center to advance antibody discovery

SAN DIEGO, CALIF. — GemPharmatech, a global leader in preclinical research solutions and genetically-engineered mouse models, today announced a collaboration with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) to accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic antibodies. Through the non-exclusive agreement, researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering will have access to GemPharmatech’s extensive preclinical service capabilities and resources, utilizing the NeoMab® platform — a next-generation ...

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Science22 Oct 2025

Deciding whether a breathing tube is best for a child

NEW YORK, NY – Oct. 22, 2025 – The emotional strain on parents and other caregivers faced with deciding whether a tracheotomy is the best treatment for their child is hard to measure. The latest clinical practice guideline from the American Thoracic Society aims to give clinicians and parents/caregivers a way forward so they can navigate difficult decisions to ensure better outcomes for young patients. The guideline was published early online today, Wednesday, Oct. 22, in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. A tracheostomy is a tube that is surgically placed through an ...

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Space22 Oct 2025

A ‘dead’ 1800s idea rises again... with clues to the mystery of the universe’s missing antimatter

In 1867, Lord Kelvin imagined atoms as knots in the aether. The idea was soon disproven. Atoms turned out to be something else entirely. But his discarded vision may yet hold the key to why the universe exists. Now, for the first time, Japanese physicists have shown that knots can arise in a realistic particle physics framework, one that also tackles deep puzzles such as neutrino masses, dark matter, and the strong CP problem. Their findings, in Physical Review Letters, suggest these “cosmic knots” could have formed and briefly dominated in the turbulent newborn ...

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Technology22 Oct 2025

Roboticists reverse engineer zebrafish navigation

A paradox of neuroscience is that while brains evolve within specific sensory and physical environments, neural circuits are usually studied in isolation under controlled laboratory conditions. But we can’t fully understand how environmental factors shape brain function without considering the body in which that brain evolved. The BioRobotics Lab in EPFL’s School of Engineering specializes in developing bioinspired robots to tease apart the brain-body interactions involved in sensorimotor coordination. Now, they have published a study in Science Robotics that provides detailed insight into embodiment, or how the body ...

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Science22 Oct 2025

FAU historian traces the transformation of U.S. nursing homes into big business

In postwar America, as suburbs spread and federal social welfare programs expanded, one underexamined building type quietly became a fixture of the American health care landscape: the nursing home. In a new article published in the Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, historian Willa Granger, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the School of Architecture within Florida Atlantic University’s Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, examines how a little-known company from midcentury Illinois helped lay ...

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Medicine22 Oct 2025

CABI study reveals major inequalities in global One Health research

A study published in the journal CABI One Health has revealed major inequalities in One Health research. The new study, which sheds light on global trends in One Health research over the past decade, has found that the volume of research labelled ‘One Health’ has increased exponentially since 2018, and Europe, Asia and Africa have experienced the most marked growth in originating research. However, there are significant disparities in research decision-making between researchers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and those in high-income countries ...

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Science22 Oct 2025

Reptiles ‘pee’ crystals, and scientists are investigating what they’re made of

Unless you’ve owned reptiles, you might not know that many of them “pee” crystals. Researchers publishing in the Journal of the American Chemical Society investigated the solid urine of more than 20 reptile species and found spheres of uric acid in all of them. This work reveals how reptiles uniquely package up and eliminate crystalline waste, which could inform future treatments for human conditions that also involve uric acid crystals: kidney stones and gout. Most living things have some sort of excretory system — after all, what goes in must come out. In ...

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