Although many tech companies and start-ups have touted the potential of automated fact-checking services powered by artificial intelligence to stem the rising tide of online misinformation, a new study led by researchers at Indiana University has found that AI-fact checking can, in some cases, actually increase belief in false headlines whose veracity the AI was unsure about, as well as decrease belief in true headlines mislabeled as false. The work also found that participants given the option to view headlines fact checked by large language model-powered AI were significantly more likely to share both true and false news – but only ...

Redlining—a mid-20th-century federal government practice of denying home loans in African American and other minority neighborhoods—has long been associated with poor health outcomes, including disparate overall mortality rates among racial and ethnic groups. The term gets its name from the practice by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC, operational from 1933 to 1954) of color-coding maps based on each neighborhood’s level of mortgage creditworthiness, with A being the most creditworthy and D—noted with a red line—the least. Now, a new study led by a researcher with the Texas ...

WHAT: Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) found previously undetected cancers in 48.6% of pregnant people who had abnormal results for prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing used to screen for chromosomal disorders in the fetus. Cancers included colorectal, breast, lung and pancreatic cancers, as well as lymphoma, cholangiocarcinoma and renal carcinoma. The screening test analyzes placental DNA fragments circulating in the maternal bloodstream to identify an extra chromosome or to determine ...

DETROIT (Dec. 04, 2024)—Losing weight with anti-obesity medications (AOM) also resulted in decreased alcohol consumption for about half of the participants in a new study appearing in the current issue of JAMA Network Open. The research, led by Lisa Miller-Matero, PhD, an associate scientist and Associate Director of Health Services Research at Henry Ford Health, adds to a growing body of research that suggests medications such as Ozempic or Wegovy could be adapted to treat substance use disorders. “This was different ...

The U.S. Department of Defense has awarded the ETSU Research Corporation over $900,000 as part of the Defense Industrial Base Consortium, an investment that will help create new opportunities to foster regional innovation in sustainable industrial manufacturing in the Appalachian region. “Our goal is to enhance the prosperity of our region by connecting local innovation with opportunities in global emerging markets,” said Eric Jorgenson, vice president of evelopment for the ETSU Research Corporation. “This project is another key part of the foundation of a robust biomanufacturing ecosystem in ...

An East Tennessee State University researcher is developing a cutting-edge dashboard using generative artificial intelligence to assist in monitoring flooding in Central Appalachia.  The pilot project, titled "Leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Automated Climate Resilience Dashboards: A Case Study on Flood Monitoring in Central Appalachia," has recently secured $20,000 in funding from the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) Lab.  Dr. Qian Huang from ETSU’s Center for Rural Health and Research, in collaboration with Dr. ...

With the help of an AI tool, computed tomography (CT) scans taken originally to look for tumors or bleeding or infections, also revealed calcium buildup in arteries, a sign of worsening cardiovascular disease.   This is the result of a new study led by researchers at NYU Langone Health and an example of a new trend in “opportunistic screening,” wherein radiologists repurpose existing medical images to diagnose illnesses beyond what the scan was originally designed to find. Presented at the annual Radiological Society of North America ...

Nativity—characterized by place of birth, duration of residence in the host country, citizenship and immigration status—greatly influences the health of foreign-born individuals in the United States (U.S.). Despite this, many national health surveys omit questions about these dimensions of nativity, particularly immigration status. This omission limits the ability to assess health disparities across diverse immigrant subgroups and develop evidence-based policies and targeted interventions. To navigate this limitation, researchers rely on proxy measures or imputations ...

Physicians at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences in Oklahoma City are leading a national clinical trial to help women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related infertility who want to become pregnant. The trial, called REBALANCE, studies the safety and effectiveness of an investigational device developed by May Health that is designed to restore ovulation disrupted by PCOS. OU Health reproductive endocrinologist Karl Hansen, M.D., Ph.D., chair of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the OU College of Medicine, is leading the trial for ...

An experimental bacteria-derived biopesticide is highly effective in killing malaria-carrying mosquitoes, including those that have developed resistance to chemical pesticides, according to initial field tests led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The biopesticide is a powder made from the dead cells of a common soil-dwelling bacterial species. The researchers showed that the biopesticide efficiently kills both ordinary and chemical-pesticide-resistant mosquitoes when included in standard baits. ...

WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. – December 4, 2024 — The Piedmont Triad Regenerative Medicine Engine (PTRME), funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), has announced a groundbreaking investment of $2.5 million in the region’s regenerative medicine industry through its inaugural Ecosystem Building Grant program. This milestone underscores PTRME’s leadership in regenerative medicine and commitment to positioning the Piedmont Triad as a global hub for innovation. Six innovative companies have been awarded grants ...

  Images EAST LANSING, Mich. – As global temperatures rise, it’s imperative that plants can adapt to new and changing conditions.  As global temperatures rise, it’s imperative that plants can adapt to new and changing conditions.  Michigan State University researchers from the Walker lab are looking at ways to give plants an assist. More specifically, their research aims to help plants adapt to changing temperatures by introducing engineered enzymes that will increase plants’ heat tolerance. “I would say that the main goal of our research is to prepare plants for elevated temperatures because, with climate change, ...

The Gerontological Society of America (GSA) — the country’s largest interdisciplinary organization devoted to the field of aging — is proud to acknowledge the work of 34 outstanding individuals through its prestigious awards program. GSA salutes outstanding research, recognizes distinguished leadership in teaching and service, and fosters new ideas through a host of awards. Nominated by their peers, the recipients’ achievements serve as milestones in the history and development of gerontology. The awardees were honored at various ...

1. NIMS has established and begun operating a new testing facility to evaluate the mechanical properties of materials exposed to low-temperature hydrogen environments. This facility can create hydrogen conditions across a broader range of temperatures and pressures than any other facility of its kind in the world. It is designed to assess the properties of materials when in contact with low-temperature gaseous or liquefied hydrogen, with the goal of developing cost-effective materials for hydrogen supply chains. This approach is expected to reduce the cost of producing and operating ...

A team of researchers has beaten its own record for the fastest swimming soft robot, drawing inspiration from manta rays to improve their ability to control the robot’s movement in the water. “Two years ago, we demonstrated an aquatic soft robot that was able to reach average speeds of 3.74 body lengths per second,” says Jie Yin, corresponding author of a paper on the work and an associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at North Carolina State University. “We have improved on that design. Our new soft robot is more energy efficient and reaches a speed of 6.8 body lengths per second. In addition, the previous model could only swim on the surface ...

A new long-term study that has documented the lives of a diverse sample of children over the past three decades shows that the majority of gun carriers began to carry in adulthood, not adolescence. These two groups — which the authors call “adult-onset carriers” if they began carrying after 21 years of age and “adolescent-onset carriers” if their carrying started prior to 21 years of age — have very different patterns in exposure to violence prior to carrying, persistence in carrying, and in actual gun usage. In “Dual Pathways of ...

"Dog is man's best friend" may be an ancient cliché, but when that friendship began is a longstanding question among scientists. A new study led by a University of Arizona researcher is one step closer to an answer on how Indigenous people in the Americas interacted with early dogs and wolves. The study, published today in the journal Science Advances and based on archaeological remains from Alaska, shows that people and the ancestors of today's dogs began forming close relationships as early as 12,000 years ago – ...

Around a third (32%) of people who grew up in Chicago have carried a concealed firearm on the city streets at least once by the time they turn 40 years old, according to a major study of gun usage taking in a quarter of a century of data. Urban sociologists behind the research argue that such carry rates are likely to be similar across many other major US cities.  The research suggests that almost half of men (48%) have carried a concealed gun by the age of 40, compared to just 16% of women.* The study, published in Science Advances, is one of the few to track gun usage in the same US population ...

People who are credulous are less capable of recognizing fake news, and along with mistrustful adults, are more susceptible to conspiracy thinking and vaccine hesitancy, according to a study published December 4, 2024, in the open-access journal PLOS Global Public Health by Michal Tanzer and colleagues from University College London, U.K. Epistemic trust is the readiness to regard knowledge communicated by others as significant, self-relevant, and generalizable to other contexts. Disruption to the capacity for epistemic trust may undermine healthy functioning that requires rapid, efficient checking and updating of social knowledge ...

Misokinesia, intolerance of others' fidgeting and repetitive body movements, can cause people to experience intense reactions, negative emotions and relationship strain, per qualitative study ### Article URL:  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0313169 Article Title: I struggle with your fidgeting: A qualitative study of the personal and social impacts of misokinesia Author Countries: Canada, U.S. Funding: We received funding from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for our study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. END ...

Students in biology classes accepted the theory of evolution more often when it was taught with conflict-reducing practices, including an emphasis on religious compatibility and autonomy, according to a study published December 4, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Rahmi Ourota Aini and Elizabeth Barnes from Middle Tennessee State University, U.S., and colleagues. Evolution is of the foundation of biology, but currently half of the United States population rejects the idea of human evolution. One of the most important factors in the acceptance of evolution ...

Higher emotional intelligence is linked to more emoji use with friends, while avoidant attachment is associated with less emoji use with friends and dating or romantic partners, according to a study published December 4, 2024, in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Dr. Simon Dubé, Research Fellow at The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, U.S., and colleagues. This pattern of results varies across genders and relationship types, with women using emojis with friends and family more frequently than men. Emojis are characters depicting emotions, objects, animals, and more. They can be sent ...

Scientists have uncovered the first direct evidence that ancient Americans relied primarily on mammoth and other large animals for food. Their research sheds new light on both the rapid expansion of humans throughout the Americas and the extinction of large ice age mammals. The study, featured on the Dec. 4 cover of the journal Science Advances, used stable isotope analysis to model the diet of the mother of an infant discovered at a 13,000-year-old Clovis burial site in Montana. Before this study, prehistoric diet was inferred by ...

Male African elephants have distinct personality traits, but also adapt their behavior to suit the social context, according to a study publishing December 4, 2024, in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Caitlin O’Connell-Rodwell at Stanford University and Harvard University Center for the Environment, Jodie L. Berezin of Utopia Scientific, U.S., and colleagues. Many animals show consistent individual differences in behavior, sometimes described as ‘personality’ or ‘temperament’. Elephants are highly intelligent and have rich social lives, and previous research has shown that captive ...

    KEY TAKEAWAYS A team led by researchers at Mass General Brigham built the first immunology-focused biobank with samples from patients who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Samples from the biobank provided a unique window into the immunological changes that take place after cardiac arrest. Researchers uncovered a population of cells that may provide protection from brain injury following cardiac arrest, leading them to examine a drug that can activate these cells to improve neurological outcomes.       Despite ...