Colder temperatures are linked with increased risk of diarrhea among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, emphasizing the need for climate-sensitive health strategies in refugee settings. A new study by scientists at Hokkaido University has found that lower temperatures significantly increase the risk of gastroenteritis among Rohingya refugees living in Bangladesh’s Kutupalong and Nayapara camps. Gastroenteritis is a viral or bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines, resulting in ...

Background and objectives Oxidative stress could be a key process in acyclovir (ACV)-induced nephrotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a water-soluble antioxidant with anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of NAC on ACV-induced nephrotoxicity in adult Wistar rats. Methods Forty adult male Wistar rats (200–220 g) were used. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 5/group) and were treated intraperitoneally daily for seven days as follows: Group 1 (Control) was administered water (0.2mL), while groups 2–4 were administered NAC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). Group 5 was administered ACV (150 mg/kg), while ...

Background and Aims Ferroptosis plays an essential role in chronic liver diseases, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) affects liver fibrosis through multiple mechanisms. However, research on COX-2 regulation of ferroptosis in chronic liver injury remains limited. This study aimed to investigate whether and how COX-2 regulates ferroptosis in chronic liver injury. Methods In vivo, a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced chronic liver injury model, characterized by significant liver lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, was used. COX-2+/+ and COX-2–/– mice ...

Washington, April 18, 2025—The American Educational Research Association (AERA) has announced the winners of the 2025 Palmer O. Johnson Memorial Award. The Palmer O. Johnson Memorial Award is presented annually in recognition of the most outstanding article published in an AERA journal. The recipients are Denisa Gándara (University of Texas at Austin), Hadis Anahideh (University of Illinois, Chicago), Matthew P. Ison (Northern Illinois University), and Lorenzo Picchiarini (Interlake Mecalux) for their article, “Inside the Black Box: Detecting and Mitigating Algorithmic Bias Across Racialized ...

Summary: A collaborative study by researchers from Toyohashi University of Technology and California Institute of Technology (Caltech) introduces a groundbreaking algorithm that maps individual brain activity in a multi-dimensional space. This “neural fingerprint” reveals stable, long-term neural traits that interplay with transient brain states during social interactions. The study demonstrates that individuals whose neural fingerprints are more aligned tend to more readily enter a shared state of deep focus—commonly known as team flow—which has profound implications for enhancing teamwork ...

OAK BROOK, Ill. – The results of a large survey from a diverse patient population revealed cautious support for artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in screening mammography, according to a study published today in Radiology: Imaging Cancer, a journal of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). Personal medical history and sociodemographic factors influenced respondent’s level of trust in AI. While the diagnostic accuracy of AI systems has drastically improved in recent ...

CHICAGO ― John N. Weinstein, M.D., Ph.D., chair of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and professor of Systems Biology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, has been elected to the 2025 class of Fellows of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Academy in recognition of decades of combined laboratory and computational work pioneering multi-omic molecular profiling, including the introduction of new laboratory techniques, clustered heat maps, and early innovations in artificial intelligence for cancer drug discovery. The mission of the AACR Academy is to honor distinguished scientists whose contributions have propelled ...

When the immune system does not function properly, individuals become more susceptible to infections caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi. Researchers from Radboud university medical center have demonstrated that an existing drug can revive immune cells that are not functioning correctly. These findings provide leads for further research in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis.    Twenty percent of global deaths are associated with sepsis, and it is the leading cause of death in ICUs. Sepsis is characterized by organ failure, for instance of the kidneys or lungs, caused by a dysregulated immune response to an infection. Patients with ...

Over the last couple of decades, many people have regained hearing functionality with the most successful neurotech device to date: the cochlear implant. But for those whose cochlear nerve is too damaged for a standard cochlear implant, a promising alternative is an auditory brainstem implant (ABI). Unfortunately, current ABIs are rigid implants that do not allow for good tissue contact. As a result, doctors commonly switch off a majority of the electrodes due to unwanted side effects such as dizziness or facial twitching—leading most ...

Proteins form the structural and functional backbone of the cell, and any perturbation in their synthesis can disrupt normal cellular functions. The DNA blueprint is carefully read, transcribed, and translated into functional proteins through a tightly regulated process. The ‘ribosome’ plays a crucial role in orchestrating the translation of the messenger RNA transcript by assembling amino acids into the corresponding polypeptide sequence. Ribosomal functions beyond protein synthesis have been uncovered over the years, revealing its role ...

Chinese scientists have found a way to make flexible tandem solar cells more efficient and durable by enhancing the adhesion of top layers to the bottom layers of the cell. Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) is a commercial semiconductor known for its outstanding adjustable bandgap, strong light absorption, low-temperature sensitivity, and superior operational stability, making it a promising candidate for bottom-cell use in next-generation tandem solar cells. Flexible perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cell combines a top layer of perovskite—a material that efficiently converts sunlight into electricity—with ...

An international research team led by Mayukh Kumar Ray, Mingxuan Fu, and Satoru Nakatsuji from the University of Tokyo, along with Collin Broholm from Johns Hopkins University, has discovered the anomalous Hall effect in a collinear antiferromagnet. More strikingly, the anomalous Hall effect emerges from a non-Fermi liquid state, in which electrons do not interact according to conventional models. The discovery not only challenges the textbook framework for interpreting the anomalous Hall effect but also widens the range of antiferromagnets ...

The use of generative AI for diagnostics has attracted attention in the medical field and many research papers have been published on this topic. However, because the evaluation criteria were different for each study, a comprehensive analysis was needed to determine the extent AI could be used in actual medical settings and what advantages it featured in comparison to doctors. A research group led by Dr. Hirotaka Takita and Associate Professor Daiju Ueda at Osaka Metropolitan University’s Graduate School of Medicine conducted a meta-analysis of generative AI’s diagnostic capabilities using 83 research papers published between June ...

Bottom Line: A subset of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who discontinued immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy due to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) continued to experience long-term disease control. Journal in Which the Study was Published: Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Authors: Senior author Mark Awad, MD, PhD, chief of the Thoracic Oncology Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and first author Federica Pecci, MD, a research fellow at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Background: Immune ...

In 1638, an earthquake in what is now New Hampshire had Plymouth, Massachusetts colonists stumbling from the strong shaking and water sloshing out of the pots used by Native Americans to cook a midday meal along the St. Lawrence River, according to contemporaneous reports. When Roger Williams, founder of the Rhode Island colony, talked with local Native Americans, he reported that the younger tribe members were surprised by the earthquake. But older tribe members said they had felt similar shaking four times in the past 80 years. In his talk at the Seismological ...

Sediment cores drawn from four lakes in Guatemala record the distinct direction that ground shaking traveled during a 1976 magnitude 7.5 earthquake that devastated the country, according to researchers at the Seismological Society of America’s Annual Meeting. The earthquake, which killed more than 23,000 people and left about 1.5 million people homeless, took place along the Motagua Fault, at the boundary between the North American and Caribbean tectonic plate boundary. Severe ground shaking from the 1976 earthquake caused landslides ...

At the Seismological Society of America’s Annual Meeting, researchers posed a seemingly simple question: how wide are faults? Using data compiled from single earthquakes across the world, Christie Rowe of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory at the University of Nevada, Reno and Alex Hatem of the U.S. Geological Survey sought a more comprehensive answer, one that considers both surface and deep traces of seismic rupture and creep. By compiling observations of recent earthquakes, Rowe and Hatem conclude that from Turkey to California, it’s not just a ...

Our immune systems weaken as we get older, making fewer cells that fight infection and help us recover from illness and injury. Scientists aren’t completely sure why. They may have a better idea now, however, thanks to a new study in GeroScience. “Immune cell changes occur during aging for a number of reasons, but we still don’t completely understand why we have fewer antibody-producing cells with age,” said Leslie Crews, Ph.D., assistant professor of medicine at University of California San Diego School of Medicine, co-leader of the Hematologic Malignancies Research ...

Smokers and people who recently quit are more likely to face complications after having an operation than non-smokers, a new study reveals.   Experts say there is an urgent need for focussed action to encourage people to stop smoking before undergoing elective surgery, after the pan-European research revealed that 19.5% of elective surgery patients are current smokers.   Backed by National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) funding, researchers discovered higher smoking rates among younger patients (18-40 years: 26.8%) and male patients (22.1%). Healthy adults without long-term conditions also exhibited ...

*Note – this is an early press release from the European Congress on Obesity in Malaga, Spain, 11-14 May. Please credit the congress when using this research.* New research to be presented at this year’s European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2025, Malaga, Spain, 11-14 May) shows that women are much more aware of knowledgeable about the obesity drugs GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists (that include semaglutide and tirzepatide). The study is by Nadja Auerbach, Voy*, London, UK and Dr Austen El-Osta, Director of the Self-Care Academic Research Unit (SCARU) at the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK, and colleagues.  Multiple ...

Research published in the Journal of Neurochemistry has detailed the role of a protein, hnRNP A1, in the formation and stability of myelin, suggesting an important impact on neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders such as multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. The findings pave the way for new research and potential treatments. Myelin is a fatty substance produced by oligodendrocytes (cells of the central nervous system) that forms a sheath, like a kind of “insulator.” It “protects” the extensions of neurons (axons) and increases the conduction speed of nerve impulses that carry information ...

New York, NY | April 17, 2025 - In an editorial in the American Journal of Public Health, a team led by researchers from the CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH) say public ignorance and apathy towards bird flu (highly pathogenic avian influenza, or HPAI) could pose a serious obstacle to containing the virus and preventing a larger-scale public health crisis. The authors, including CUNY SPH Assistant Professor Rachael Piltch-Loeb, Associate Professor Katarzyna Wyka, ...

Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health contributed to a new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report examining autism among children who turned 4 and 8 years old in 2022. The CDC report, which includes data from 16 study sites across the U.S. including Maryland, found an overall prevalence of autism of 1 in 31 (3.2%) among 8-year-olds in 2022. The Maryland study site, led by researchers at Bloomberg School’s Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, found a prevalence of 1 in 38 (2.6%) ...

New research suggests that calming the brain’s immune cells might prevent or lessen the damaging inflammation seen in Alzheimer’s disease. The study points to the key role of the hormone and neurotransmitter norepinephrine, and this new understanding could pave the way for more focused treatments that start earlier and are tailored to the needs of each person. “Norepinephrine is a major signaling factor in the brain and affects almost every cell type. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, it ...

Laurie Manjikian has been promoted to vice president of rehabilitation services and outpatient operations at Hebrew SeniorLife. In her new position, she will provide operational oversight of home and community-based services and outpatient therapy clinics, as well as manage inpatient rehabilitative services and staff.  “With over 20 years of experience at Hebrew SeniorLife, Manjikian has been an exceptional leader and will bring deep expertise to her new role with the home- and community-based services team,” said Ernest I. Mandel, MD, SM, executive vice president of health care, chief medical ...